Objectives:

1. Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across

disciplines;
2. Evaluate a written text based on its properties
(organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and
mechanics)
 EXPLORE : Favorite Story Activity 2: What is your favorite story? List at
least three (3) reasons why you consider that story your favorite.
Think of how you can persuade your classmates to read, and at the
very least, like it as well. Retell the story as if you are the author
him/herself. Use the space provided below in retelling the story. Let
your imagination guide you in your retelling!
 Communication plays a vital role in our day-
to-day activities, so it is necessary to be
adept to it.

In order to understand and to

be understood genuinely, it is
very significant to be virtuoso to
the four macro-skills of
communication: speaking,
listening, reading, and writing.
What is
writing?
Writing is the process of choosing the
appropriate letters, characters, and
symbols to be written on paper or
encoded in a computer. It is a skill that
you should hone in order to express
ideas, concepts, or feelings in a
nonverbal way.
Reading, on the other hand, is
an act of decoding the letters,
characters, or symbols that
were written, posted, or
published.
Reading involves Critical thinking in
order to fully understand the texts or
symbols read. It directs you to the
path of infinite potentials to gain
information.
Eight (8) patterns of development
1. Cause-Effect
2. Classification
3. Comparison-Contrast
4. Definition
5. Description
6. Narration
7. Persuasion
8. Problem-Solution
A cause and effect present why something
happens, what causes it, what are the effects,
and how it is related to something else.
Cause and effect paragraphs are written to
help your readers understand why
something happened or is happening, and
how one thing affects something else. A
cause is what made an event or particular
thing happen. An effect is what happens as
a result of the event
Cue words to
signify a cause
are:
cause of,
because of, for,
due to, as, and
since.
Expressions that
signify effect are:
therefore,
consequently, so,
so that, thus, the
explanation for, and
accordingly.
 2.
CLASSIFICATION
A Classification
pattern of written
text groups or
classifies items or
things into their
parts, types, kinds, or
categories.
The signal words to
indicate that the
classification pattern of
written text is used are a
part of, a kind of, a type of,
a group of, a way of, a
class of, an example of,
divided into, and
comprised of.
3. COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
The comparison involves the identification of
similarities of at least two things, ideas,
concepts, or persons being compared while
contrast encompasses the identification of
differences between or among two subjects or
topics.
Signal words comparison
Are:
similarly, in like manner, and in the same way.

Signal words for contrast are:

on the contrary, the opposite, compared to, in
contrast, although,

nl n d h r
4. DEFINITION
Definition text explains what something is in
comparison to other members of its class, along
with any limitations. It explains the nature of
something and moves beyond a dictionary
definition to deeply examine the word, idea, or
concept as we use and understand it.
What is a
machine?
In dealing with definition as a
pattern of written text, you will
always encounter denotation and
connotation.
Denotation is the literal meaning
of a word which means that
consulting the dictionary is the
best way for it.
Connotation is the feeling or idea
that the word suggests to its literal
meaning. It is an expression of how
one perceives a word based on
his/her background or experiences.
Some expressions that signal a
definition text are: contain, make-up,
involves, is/are, means, is defined
as, refers to, appears to be, as,
pertains to, “means,” “is defined as,”
and “refers to”.
5. DESCRIPTION
Description as a pattern of
written texts refers to
identifying concrete details
about appearances,
characteristics, and actions.
Adjectives and adverbs
are used in the
description.
 6.
NARRATION
Narration deals with
stories. When you write
a narrative, you are
expected to tell a story,
whether it is real or
imaginary.
 1. Characters
ELEMENTS 2. Setting
3. Plot
OF 4. Point of View
NARRATIVE 5. Theme
6. Tone
WRITING 7. Style
8. Conflict
7. PERSUASION
Persuasion is a literary technique
that writers use to present their
ideas through reason and logic, to
influence the audience and move
them to action.
Types of
Persuasion
1. Ethos
It is linked with morality and
ethics. In this method of
persuasion, writers or speakers
convince their audience of their
goodwill and present
themselves as trustworthy.
2. Logos
Logos comes from
logic, therefore
writers use logic,
reasoning, and
rationality to
convince audiences
of their perspectives.
3. Pathos
The third method is pathos,
which invokes and appeals to
the emotions of
the audience.
8. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A problem-solution text
starts with a negative
situation
(a problem) and ends
with a positive situation
(a solution).
Problem- Solution
consists of four
key components:
a situation, a
problem, a
solution, and an
evaluation.