Teoremas de adición y multiplicación

T1. ∀𝑎 ∈ ℝ 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑎. 0 = 0. 𝑎 = 0

T2. ∀𝑎 ∈ ℝ 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 − 𝑎 = (−1). 𝑎

T3. 𝑎. (−𝑏) = −(𝑎. 𝑏) = (−𝑎). 𝑏

T4. −(−𝑎) = 𝑎; ∀𝑎 ∈ ℝ

T5. (−𝑏). (−𝑎) = 𝑎. 𝑏 ; ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ

T6. 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 → 𝑎 = 𝑏

T7. 𝑎. 𝑐 = 𝑏. 𝑐 → 𝑎 = 𝑏

 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝐼𝑅

𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎 + (−𝑏); ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐼𝑅

 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝐼𝑅

𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙
𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏
𝑎
= 𝑎. 𝑏 −1 ; ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐼𝑅. 𝑏 ≠ 0
𝑏

T8. 𝑎. (𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑎. 𝑏 − 𝑎. 𝑐

T9. (𝑎. 𝑏)−1 = 𝑎−1 . 𝑏 −1

T10. [𝑎−1 ]−1 = 𝑎.

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑+𝑏𝑐
T11. + = ;𝑏 ≠ 0 𝑦 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑑 𝑎𝑏

𝑎 𝑐 (𝑎𝑐)
T12. 𝑏 . 𝑑 = 𝑏𝑑
;𝑏 ≠ 0𝑦 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑎
𝑏
T13. 𝑐 ;𝑏 ≠ 0; 𝑐 ≠ 0𝑦 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑑

T14. 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 2. 𝑎
T15. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎. 𝑏, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑎 ≠ 0 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠

𝑎. 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = −𝑎. 𝑏 −1
T16. 𝑎. 𝑏 = 0 ↔ 𝑎 = 0 ∨ 𝑏 = 0

T17. (𝑎 − 𝑏). (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

T18. 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 ↔ 𝑎 = 𝑏 ∨ 𝑎 = −𝑏

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑: 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒

𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 "menor que"
mayor que", "𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒", "𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 "
𝑎 < 𝑏 ;𝑎 > 𝑏 ;𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 ;𝑎 ≥ 𝑏
T19. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 ∧ 𝑐 < 0 → 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 + 𝑐

T20. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 → −𝑎 > −𝑏

T21. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 ∧ 𝑐 < 0 → 𝑎. 𝑐 > 𝑏. 𝑐

T22. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 ∧ 𝑐 > 0 → 𝑎. 𝑐 < 𝑏. 𝑐

T23. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 ≠ 0 → 𝑎2 > 0

T24. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 > 0 → 𝑎−1 > 0

𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 0 → 𝑎−1 < 0

T25. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜

𝑦 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 → 𝑎−1 > 𝑏 −1

T26. 𝑎𝑏 > 0 ↔ (𝑎 > 0 ∧ 𝑏 > 0) ∨ (𝑎 > 0 ∧ 𝑏 > 0)

𝑎𝑏 < 0 ↔ (𝑎 > 0 ∧ 𝑏 < 0) ∨ (𝑎 < 0 ∧ 𝑏 > 0)

𝑎
T27. 𝑏 > 0 ∧ 𝑏 ≠ 0 ↔ 𝑎. 𝑏 −1 > 0
𝑎
< 0 ∧ 𝑏 ≠ 0 ↔ 𝑎. 𝑏 −1 < 0
𝑏

T28. 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 ≥ 0 ∧ 𝑏 > 0 ↔ 𝑎2 > 𝑏 2 ↔ 𝑎 > 𝑏

T29. 𝑠𝑖 𝑏 > 0 → 𝑎2 > 𝑏 ↔ 𝑎 < −√𝑏 ∨ 𝑎 > √𝑏

T30. 𝑠𝑖 𝑏 > 0 → 𝑎2 < 𝑏 ↔ −√𝑏 < 𝑎 < √𝑏

T31. 𝑠𝑖 (0 ≤ 𝑎 < 𝑏 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝑐 < 𝑑) → 𝑎. 𝑐 < 𝑏. 𝑑