Sheet NO.

𝑸1 ) 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒙𝒐 = 𝟏 ∶

1
𝑎) 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝒙 + 𝟕

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑑𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓( 𝑥𝑜 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Taylor series
𝑥𝑜

→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 = 0.5 ∗ 𝑥 + 7
→ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = 𝑓 (1) = 0.5 ∗ (1) + 7 = 7.5
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
→( ) =( ) = (0.5 ∗ 1 + 0) 𝑥=1 = 0.5
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝑥
𝑜 𝑜

→ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 7.5 + 0.5 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) = 7.5 + 0.5 ∗ 𝑥 − 0.5 = 0.5 ∗ 𝑥 + 7 Yes true

𝑏) 𝒚 = 𝟑 ∗ 𝒙𝟐

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑑𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓( 𝑥𝑜 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Taylor series
𝑥𝑜

→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 = 3 ∗ 𝑥 2
→ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = 𝑓 (1) = 3 ∗ (1)2 = 3
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
→ (𝑑𝑥 ) = (𝑑𝑥 ) = (6 ∗ 𝑥)𝑥=1 = 6 ∗ (1) = 6
𝑥𝑜 𝑥=𝑥𝑜

→ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3 + 6 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) = 3 + 6 ∗ 𝑥 − 6 = 6 ∗ 𝑥 − 3 = 6 ∗ (𝑥 − 0.5)
Sheet NO.2

𝟑𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝒙
𝑐) 𝒚=
√𝟏 + 𝟑. 𝟔 ∗ 𝒙𝟐 2

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑑𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓( 𝑥𝑜 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Taylor series
𝑥𝑜

300∗𝑥
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 =
√1+3.6∗𝑥2

300∗(1)
→ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = 𝑓 (1) = = 139.8757
√1+3.6∗(1)2
1
−
( √1+3.6∗𝑥2 )∗(300∗1) − (300∗𝑥)∗( 1∗(1+3.6∗𝑥2 ) 2 ∗2∗3.6∗𝑥)
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 2
→ (𝑑𝑥 ) = (𝑑𝑥 ) =( 2 ) = 30.408
𝑥𝑜 𝑥=𝑥𝑜 ( √1+3.6∗𝑥2 )
𝑥=1

→ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 139.8757 + 30.408 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) = 139.8757 + 30.408 ∗ 𝑥 − 30.408

= 30.408 ∗ 𝑥 − 109.4677

𝑏) 𝒚 = 𝒙 ∗ 𝒆− 𝟎.𝟖∗𝒙

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑑𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓( 𝑥𝑜 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Taylor series
𝑥𝑜

→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 ∗ 𝑒 − 0.8∗𝑥
→ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = 𝑓 (1) = (1) ∗ 𝑒 − 0.8∗(1) = 0.44933
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
→ (𝑑𝑥 ) = (𝑑𝑥 ) = ([𝑥 ∗ (−0.8 ∗ 1 ∗ 𝑒 − 0.8∗𝑥 )] + [(𝑒 − 0.8∗𝑥 ) ∗ 1])𝑥=1 = 0.089866
𝑥𝑜 𝑥=𝑥𝑜

→ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 0.44933 + 0.089866 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) = 0.44933 + 0.089866 ∗ 𝑥 − 0.089866

= 0.089866 ∗ 𝑥 + 0.359464
Sheet NO.2

𝑸2 ) 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒙𝒐 = 𝟒 & 𝒚𝒐 = 𝟗 ∶

3
𝐙 = 𝐱 ∗ 𝐲 𝟎.𝟓
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒐𝒇 (± 𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝒙(𝒕) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ± 𝟓 𝒊𝒏 𝒚(𝒕) )

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥𝑜 , 𝑦𝑜 ) + (𝜕𝑥 ) ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) + ( )
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 ,𝑦 )
∗ (𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑜 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Taylor series
(𝑥𝑜 ,𝑦𝑜 ) 𝑜 𝑜

→ 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = Z = x ∗ y0.5

→ 𝑓(𝑥𝑜 , 𝑦𝑜 ) = 𝑓 (4 , 9) = (4) ∗ (9)0.5 = 12

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
→( ) = ( )𝑥=𝑥𝑜 = (1 ∗ y0.5 )𝑥=4 = (90.5 )𝑥=4 = 3
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 ,𝑦 ) 𝜕𝑥 𝑦=9 𝑦=9
𝑜 𝑜 𝑦=𝑦𝑜

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
→ (𝜕𝑦) = (𝜕𝑦)𝑥=𝑥𝑜 = (𝑥 ∗ 0.5 ∗ y − 0.5 )𝑥=4 = (4 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 9− 0.5 )𝑥=4 = 0.66667
(𝑥𝑜 ,𝑦𝑜 ) 𝑦=9 𝑦=9
𝑦=𝑦𝑜

→ 𝑧 = 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = 12 + 3 ∗ (𝑥 − 4) + 0.66667 ∗ (𝑦 − 9)
→ 𝑧 = 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = 12 + 3𝑥 − 12 + 0.66667𝑦 − 6 = 3𝑥 + 0.66667𝑦 − 6

@𝑥 =4±2 & 𝑦=9

True
→ 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑧 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = x ∗ y0.5 value

𝑓 (4 ± 2 ,9) = (4 ± 2) ∗ 90.5 = 12 ± 6
Linearized
→ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑧 𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 3𝑥 + 0.66667𝑦 − 6 value

𝑓 (4 ± 2 ,9) = 3 ∗ (4 ± 2) + 0.66667 ∗ 9 − 6 = 12 ± 6 + 6 − 6 = 12 ± 6

@𝑥 =4 & 𝑦 = 9± 5
True
→ 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑧 𝑓 (𝑥 , 𝑦) = x∗y 0.5 value

𝑓 (4 ,9 ± 5) = (4) ∗ (9 ± 5) 0.5 = (144 ± 80) 0.5 = 14.96663 𝑜𝑟 8 Linearized

value
→ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑧 𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 3𝑥 + 0.66667𝑦 − 6
𝑓 (4 ,9 ± 5) = 3 ∗ (4) + 0.66667 ∗ (9 ± 5) − 6 = 12 + (6 ± 3.33334) − 6 = 15.333334 𝑜𝑟 8.66667
Sheet NO.2

𝑸3 ) 𝑨𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝟎. 𝟏𝒎𝟑 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒂 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍; 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒍 4
𝒊𝒔 𝟕𝟓% 𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒚 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝟎𝑪° .
𝑨𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟖𝟎 𝑲𝒘 ∶
a) 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒌𝒆𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒕.
b) 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏 .
c) 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝟕𝟎𝑪° .

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
∶
Heating
tank
∶
𝜃(𝑡) 𝑀
𝑜
𝑑𝜃
𝑞𝑜 − 0 = 𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈1〉

∶
𝑞(𝑡) = 80 𝐾𝑤
′
′
𝑑𝜃 (𝑡) 𝑞(𝑡)
𝑞 (𝑡) − 0 = 𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈2〉

〈1〉 〈2〉
𝑜
′ 𝑜 𝑑 (𝜃′ (𝑡)−𝜃 )
𝑞 (𝑡) − 𝑞 = 𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑡

𝑞′ (𝑡) − 𝑞𝑜 = 𝑞(𝑡) & 𝜃 ′ (𝑡) − 𝜃 𝑜 = 𝜃 (𝑡)

𝑑𝜃(𝑡)
→ 𝑞(𝑡) = 𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐾
𝑑𝜃(𝑡)
→𝐾∗ 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑞(𝑡) ʆ

→ 𝐾 ∗ [𝑠 ∗ 𝜃(𝑠) − 𝜃(0)] = 𝑞(𝑠) → 𝐾 ∗ 𝑠 ∗ 𝜃(𝑠) = 𝑞(𝑠)

𝜃( 𝑠 ) 1 80
→ 𝐺 (𝑠) = = ∵ 𝑞 (𝑡) = 80 𝐾𝐽⁄𝑺𝒆𝒄 ⟹ 𝑞 (𝑠) =
𝑞 (𝑠 ) 𝐾∗𝑠 𝑠
1 80 1 80 1 ̅
→ 𝜃 (𝑠) = 𝑞 (𝑠) ∗ = ∗ → 𝜃 (𝑠) = ∗ ʆ
𝐾∗𝑠 𝑠 𝐾∗𝑠 𝐾 𝑠2
80
→ 𝜃 (𝑡) = 𝐾
∗𝑡

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑝 = 4.2 𝐾𝐽⁄𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝑪° , 𝜌 = 1000 𝐾𝑔 ⁄𝑚3 ∵ 𝑉 = 0.1𝑚3 ∗ 0.75 = 0.075𝑚3

∵ 𝑀 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑉 = 1000 ∗ 0.075 = 75𝐾𝑔
→ 𝐾 = 𝑀 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 = 75𝐾𝑔 ∗ 4.2 𝐾𝐽⁄𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝑪° = 315 𝐾𝐽⁄𝑪°
Sheet NO.2

5
80 𝐾𝐽⁄𝑺𝒆𝒄
a) 𝜃 (𝑡) = ∗ 𝑡 = 0.254 𝑪°⁄𝑺𝒆𝒄 ∗ 𝑡
315 𝐾𝐽⁄𝑪 °

b) 𝑨𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≡ 〈 𝟗𝟎 𝑺𝒆𝒄 〉 ⟹ 𝜃(𝑡) = 𝜃(𝟗𝟎 𝑺𝒆𝒄) = 0.254 𝑪°⁄𝑺𝒆𝒄 ∗ 𝟗𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝑪°

∵ 𝜃 (𝑡) = 𝜃 ′ (𝑡) − 𝜃 𝑜 ⟹ 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝑪° = 𝜃 ′ (𝑡) − 𝟐𝟎𝑪° ⟹ 𝜃 ′ (𝑡) = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝑪°

′
c) 𝑨𝒕 𝜃 (𝑡) = 𝟕𝟎𝑪° ∵ 𝜃(𝑡) = 𝜃′ (𝑡) − 𝜃𝑜 ⟹ 𝜃(𝑡) = 𝟕𝟎𝑪° − 𝟐𝟎𝑪° = 𝟓𝟎𝑪°
⟹ 𝜃 (𝑡) = 𝟓𝟎𝑪° = 0.254 𝑪°⁄𝑺𝒆𝒄 ∗ 𝒕 ⟹ 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔 . 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝑺𝒆𝒄 ≡ 〈 𝟑. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏 〉
Sheet NO.2

𝑸4 ) 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏 6
𝒊𝒏𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 , 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 − 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘.
a) 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑯 (𝒔)⁄𝑸 (𝒔).
b) 𝑰𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝟐. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆,
𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔.

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑜
𝑖𝑡′ 𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∶ (𝑄𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) ) = 𝑚 ∗ (𝐻 𝑜𝑟 𝐻(𝑡) )
∆𝑦 ∆𝑄𝑜 2.4−1
∵𝑚= ∆𝑥
=
∆𝐻
= 3−1
= 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⟹ (𝑄𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) ) = 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝐻 (𝑡) )

∶
𝑜 𝑜 𝑑𝐻 𝑜
𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑖 −𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑜 = 𝜌∗𝐴∗ ÷ 〈 𝜌 〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈1〉
𝑑𝑡

∶
′
′ ′ 𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) −𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝜌∗𝐴∗
𝑑𝑡
÷〈𝜌〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈2〉

〈1〉 〈2〉
𝑜
′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜 𝑑(𝐻 ′ (𝑡)−𝐻 )
(𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 ) − (𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 ) = 𝐴 ∗
𝑑𝑡
′ 𝑜 ′ ′ 𝑜 𝑜
𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) & 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 = 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) & 𝐻 (𝑡) − 𝐻 = 𝐻(𝑡)
Sheet NO.2

𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝐴 ∗ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈3〉 7
𝑑𝑡

∵ 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻(𝑡) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈∗〉 𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 〈3〉

𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→𝐴∗ 𝑑𝑡
+ 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻 (𝑡) = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) ÷ 〈 0.7 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏〉
𝐴 𝑑𝐻 (𝑡) 1
→ 0.7𝒇𝒕𝟐⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
∗
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐻 (𝑡) = 0.7𝒇𝒕𝟐⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)

𝐴
𝟐⁄
0.7𝒇𝒕 𝒎𝒊𝒏
= 𝜏 ∵ 𝐴 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⟹ 𝜏 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏
1
0.7𝒇𝒕𝟐⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
=𝑘 ⟹ 𝑘 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐
𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→𝜏∗ 𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝑘 ∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)
( ) 𝑘 𝟏.𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐
a) → 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑄𝐻 (𝑠𝑠) = 𝜏∙𝑠+1
=
[𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏]∙𝑠+1
𝑖

b) 𝑰𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 〈𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)〉 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝟐. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏

→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) = ∆(𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) ) = 𝟐. 𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) 𝟎.𝟐𝒇𝒕𝟑⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠) = =
𝑠 𝑠
𝟐
𝟏.𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕 𝟏.𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐 𝟎.𝟐𝒇𝒕𝟑⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = (𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1
∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠) =
(𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1
∗
𝑠
𝟏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ [(𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1]∗𝑠

𝑡
→ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ (𝟏 − 𝑒− 𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏 )
𝑡
→ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕 ∗ (𝟏 − 𝑒− 𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏 )
2 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑨𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⟹ 𝐻 (𝑡) = 𝐻 (2 𝒎𝒊𝒏) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕 ∗ (𝟏 − 𝑒 − 𝟐.𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝒇𝒕
𝑜 𝑑𝐻𝑜 𝑜 𝑜
𝑇𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 〈 𝐻 〉 ∵ 𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 {〈 = 𝟎 〉} ⟹ 𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑜 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑑𝑡
𝑜
𝑜 𝑜 𝑜 𝑄𝑜 𝟐𝒇𝒕𝟑⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
∵ 𝑄𝑜 = 𝑚∗𝐻 ⟹ 𝐻 =
𝑚
=
0.7𝒇𝒕𝟐⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
= 2.857 𝒇𝒕

∵ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 𝐻𝑜 ⟹ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝒇𝒕 = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 2.857 𝒇𝒕 ⟹ 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒇𝒕

Sheet NO.2

𝑸5 ) 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑 𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 − 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏
8
𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒊𝒔 〈𝑯𝒐 〉. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 〈𝑹〉𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓. 𝑻𝒉𝒆
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 〈𝜶〉 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒔
𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒔 〈𝟏〉 .

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
∶

∶
𝑜
𝑜 𝑜 𝑑(𝐴∗𝐻𝑜 )
𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑖 −𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑜 =𝜌∗ ÷ 〈 𝜌 〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈1〉
𝑑𝑡

∶
′
′ ′ 𝑑(𝐴∗𝐻𝑜 (𝑡))
𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) −𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) =𝜌∗ 𝑑𝑡
÷ 〈𝜌〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈2〉

〈1〉 〈2〉
′ 𝑜
′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜 𝑑 (𝐴∗(𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)−𝐻𝑜 ))
(𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 ) − (𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 ) = 𝑑𝑡
′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜
𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) & 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 = 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) & 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝐻𝑜 = 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
𝑑(𝐴∗𝐻𝑜 (𝑡))
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈3〉

𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
∵ 〈〈∗〉〉 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑅
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈∗〉

∵ 〈〈∗∗〉〉 𝐴 = (𝐵 + 𝑋(𝑡) ) ∗ 1 = 𝐵 + 𝑋(𝑡) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈4〉

𝑋(𝑡)
∵ tan 𝛼 = ⟹ 𝑋(𝑡) = 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) ∗ tan 𝛼 𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 〈4〉
𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
Sheet NO.2

→ 𝐴 = 𝐵 + 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ ( 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) ) 9

2
→ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) = tan 𝛼 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈∗∗〉
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑓𝑜𝑟 [𝑒𝑞. 〈 ∗〉 & 𝑒𝑞. 〈∗∗〉] 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 〈3〉
2
𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) 𝑑 (tan 𝛼∗(𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) +𝐵∗𝐻𝑜 (𝑡))
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑅
= 𝑑𝑡
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈5〉
2
∵ 𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 ′𝑠 (tan 𝛼 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) , 𝑊𝑒
𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑.
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦:
𝑑𝑓
→ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑑𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑥 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 Taylor series
𝑥𝑜

𝑑𝑓 (𝐻 (𝑡))
→ 𝑓(𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) = ( 𝑑 (𝐻 𝑜(𝑡)) ) ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
𝑜 𝐻𝑜

2
→ 𝑓(𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) = tan 𝛼 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑓 (𝐻 (𝑡)) 𝑑𝑓
→ ( 𝑑 (𝐻 𝑜(𝑡)) ) =( )
𝑑𝑥 𝐻 (𝑡)=𝐻
= (2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) + 𝐵)𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)=𝐻𝑜 = 2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 + 𝐵
𝑜 𝐻𝑜 𝑜 𝑜

2
→ 𝑓(𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) = tan 𝛼 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)) + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) = (2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 + 𝐵) ∗ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 〈5〉
𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) 𝑑𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑅
= (2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 + 𝐵) ∗
𝑑𝑡
∗〈𝑅 〉
𝑑𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
→ (2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 + 𝐵) ∗ 𝑅 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)

(2 ∗ tan 𝛼 ∗ 𝐻𝑜 + 𝐵) ∗ 𝑅 = 𝜏 𝑅=𝑘
𝑑𝐻𝑜 (𝑡)
→𝜏∗ + 𝐻𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑘 ∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝐻𝑜 (𝑠) 𝑘 𝑅
→ 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠)
=
𝜏∙𝑠+1
=
[(2∗tan 𝛼∗𝐻𝑜 +𝐵 )∗𝑅]∙𝑠+1
Sheet NO.2

𝑸6 ) 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑹 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒕⁄𝒄𝒇𝒎 10
𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 𝒄𝒇𝒎.
𝑨𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘.
a) 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑸(𝒕) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸(𝒔) 𝒃𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔. 𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑸 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆.
b) 𝑶𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑯(𝒕) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝑯 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍.
c) 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑯(𝒕) 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕 = ∞.

𝑠𝑜𝑙 ∶-
𝑖𝑡′ 𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∶ 𝑄 𝑖 (𝑡) ≡ { 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑝 − 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑝 }

𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) = 𝑚 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑚 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑢 (𝑡 − 1)

∆𝑦 ∆(𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)) 2−1

∵𝑚= = = = 1 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐 & 𝑏 = 1 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
∆𝑥 ∆𝑡 1−0

⟹ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) = 1 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑢(𝑡) − 1 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐 ∗ (𝑡 − 1) ∗ 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)

𝟏 𝟏
a) ∵ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) = 𝑡 ∗ 𝑢(𝑡) − (𝑡 − 1) ∗ 𝑢(𝑡 − 1) → 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠) = − ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆
𝑺𝟐 𝑺𝟐

𝑜
(𝐻 𝑜𝑟 𝐻(𝑡))
∵ 𝑹 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒕⁄𝒄𝒇𝒎 ⟹ (𝑄𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡)) = 𝑹
= 1 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ (𝐻𝑜 𝑜𝑟 𝐻(𝑡) )
Sheet NO.2

11
𝑜
𝑜 𝑜 𝑑𝐻
𝜌 ∗ 𝑄𝑖 − 𝜌 ∗ 𝑄𝑜 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
÷ 〈 𝜌 〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈1〉

′
′ ′ 𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) −𝜌∗ 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝜌∗𝐴∗
𝑑𝑡
÷〈𝜌〉 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈2〉

〈1〉 〈2〉
′ 𝑜
′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜 𝑑(𝐻 (𝑡)−𝐻 )
(𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 ) − (𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 ) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
′ 𝑜 ′ 𝑜
𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) & 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 = 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) & 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 𝐻𝑜 = 𝐻(𝑡)
𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈3〉

∵ 𝑄𝑜 (𝑡) = 1 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻 (𝑡) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 〈 ∗〉 𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 〈3〉

𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) − 1 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→𝐴∗ + 1 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡) ÷ 〈 1 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 〉
𝑑𝑡
𝐴 𝑑𝐻 (𝑡) 1
→ 1 𝒇𝒕 𝟐⁄
𝒎𝒊𝒏
∗
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐻(𝑡) = 1 𝒇𝒕 𝟐⁄
𝒎𝒊𝒏
∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)

𝐴
1 𝒇𝒕 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟐⁄ = 𝜏 ∵ 𝐴 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ⟹ 𝜏 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏
1
𝟐⁄
1 𝒇𝒕 𝒎𝒊𝒏
=𝑘 ⟹ 𝑘 = 𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐
𝑑𝐻 (𝑡)
→𝜏∗ 𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝑘 ∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑡)
𝐻 (𝑠) 𝑘 𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐
→ 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠)
=
𝜏∙𝑠+1
=
(𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1

𝟏 𝟏
∵ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠) = 𝑺𝟐 − 𝑺𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆
𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏⁄𝒇𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = (𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1
∗ 𝑄𝑖 (𝑠) =
(𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏)∙𝑠+1
∗[
𝑺𝟐
− 𝑺𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆 ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = [ 𝟐∙𝑠+1 ∗ 𝑺𝟐 ] − [( 𝟐∙𝑠+1 ∗ 𝑺𝟐 ) ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆 ]
Sheet NO.2

𝑨 𝑩 ∗𝑺 +𝑪 𝑨 𝑩 ∗ 𝑺+ 𝑪
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = [ + ] − [( + ) ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆] 12
𝟐∙𝑠+1 𝑺𝟐 𝟐∙𝑠+1 𝑺𝟐

𝟒 −𝟐 ∗ 𝑺 + 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐 ∗ 𝑺 + 𝟏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = [ 𝟐∙𝑠+1 + 𝑺𝟐
] − [( 𝟐∙𝑠+1 + 𝑺𝟐
) ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆 ]

𝟐 𝟐 ∗𝑺 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐∗𝑺 𝟏
→ 𝐻(𝑠) = [ 1 −
𝑺 𝟐 +
𝑺 𝟐 ] − [( 1 −
𝑺 𝟐 +
𝑺 𝟐 ) ∗ 𝑒− 𝑆]
𝑠+ 2 𝑠+ 2
𝑡 𝑡
→ 𝐻(𝑡) = [𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 − 𝟐 + 𝑡] − [(𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 − 𝟐 + 𝑡) ∗ 𝑢(𝑡 − 1) ]

𝑡 ( 𝑡 − 1)
−
a) → 𝐻(𝑡) = [𝑡 − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒 𝟐 ] − [(𝑡 − 1) − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 ]

@ 𝑡=0 ⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = 0
𝑡
@ 0<𝑡≤1 ⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = [𝑡 − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 ]
𝑡 ( 𝑡 − 1)
@ 1≤𝑡≤∞ ⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = [𝑡 − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 ] − [(𝑡 − 1) − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 ]
𝑡 ( 𝑡 − 1)
⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝟏 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 −𝟐∗𝑒
−
𝟐

b) 𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐻(2 𝑚𝑖𝑛 )

2 (2 − 1)
𝐻(2 𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 𝟏 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 −𝟐∗𝑒
−
𝟐 = 0.5227 𝑓𝑡

𝑜 𝑑𝐻 𝑜 𝑜 𝑜
𝑇𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 〈𝐻 〉 ∵ 𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 { 〈 = 𝟎 〉} ⟹ 𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑜 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒕𝟑 ⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑑𝑡
𝑜
𝑜 𝑜 𝑜 𝑄𝑜 1 𝑓𝑡3 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛
∵ 𝑄𝑜 = 1 𝑓𝑡2 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐻 ⟹ 𝐻 = = = 1 𝑓𝑡
1 𝑓𝑡2 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡2 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛

∵ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 𝐻𝑜 ⟹ 0.5227 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 1 𝑓𝑡 ⟹ 𝐻 ′(𝑡) = 1.5227 𝑓𝑡

∞ ( ∞ − 1)
𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = ∞ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ⟹ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝟏 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒 − 𝟐 − 𝟐 ∗ 𝑒− 𝟐 = 𝟏 + 𝟎 − 𝟎 = 𝟏 𝑓𝑡

∵ 𝐻(𝑡) = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 𝐻𝑜 ⟹ 𝟏 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) − 1 𝑓𝑡 ⟹ 𝐻 ′ (𝑡) = 2 𝑓𝑡