Nama : Aisyah Septialara

Nim : R1A118022

Penurunan Teorema Green

𝑑 𝑏 𝑑
𝜕𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦)
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫[𝑄(𝑏, 𝑦) − 𝑄(𝑎, 𝑦)] 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝐴 𝑦=𝑐 𝑥=𝑎 𝑐

𝑑 𝑐

∮ 𝑄 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑄(𝑏, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑄(𝑎, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝐶 𝑐 𝑑

= ∫[𝑄(𝑏, 𝑦) − 𝑄(𝑎, 𝑦)]𝑑𝑦

𝑐

𝜕𝑄
∴∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∮ 𝑄 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝐴 𝐶

𝑑 𝑏 𝑏
𝜕𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦)
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫[𝑃(𝑥, 𝑑 ) − 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑐)] 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝐴 𝑦=𝑐 𝑥=𝑎 𝑎

𝑏 𝑎

∮ 𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑐 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑑 )𝑑𝑥

𝐶 𝑎 𝑏
 𝑏

= ∫[𝑃(𝑥, 𝑐 ) − 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑑)]𝑑𝑥

𝑎

= − ∫[𝑃(𝑥, 𝑑 ) − 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑐)]𝑑𝑥

𝑎

𝜕𝑃
∴∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∮ 𝑃 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝐴 𝐶

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃
∮ 𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝐶 𝐴

Penurunan Teorema Divergensi

Diketahui :

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃
∮ 𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝐶 𝐴

Misalkan :

𝑄 = 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑃 = −𝑉𝑦 , 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑉 = 𝑖𝑉𝑥 + 𝑗𝑉𝑦

Maka :

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑉𝑥 𝜕𝑉𝑦
− = + = 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑉, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 𝑑𝒓 = 𝒊𝑑𝑥 + 𝒋𝑑𝑦 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡)

𝒏𝑑𝑠 = 𝒊𝑑𝑦 − 𝒋𝑑𝑥 (𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 ), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑠 = √𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑦 2

𝑑𝒓. 𝒏𝑑𝑠 = 0

𝑄 = 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑃 = −𝑉𝑦 , 𝒏𝑑𝑠 = 𝒊𝑑𝑦 − 𝒋𝑑𝑥

𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑉𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = (𝒊𝑉𝑥 + 𝒋𝑉𝑦 ). (𝒊𝑑𝑦 − 𝒋𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑽. 𝒏𝑑𝑠

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑉𝑥 𝜕𝑉𝑦
− = + = 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑉, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑉𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = (𝒊𝑉𝑥 + 𝒋𝑉𝑦 ). (𝒊𝑑𝑦 − 𝒋𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑽. 𝒏𝑑𝑠

∬ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑽𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑽. 𝒏𝑑𝑠 (𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 2𝐷)

𝐴 𝜕𝐴

∭ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑽𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = ∬ 𝑽. 𝒏𝑑𝜎 (𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 3𝐷)

𝑓 𝜕𝜏

Penurunan Teorema Stokes

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃
𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐴 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Misalkan :

𝑄 = 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑃 = 𝑉𝑥 , 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑉 = 𝒊𝑉𝑥 + 𝒋𝑉𝑦

Maka :

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑉𝑦 𝜕𝑉𝑥
− = − = (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑽). 𝒌, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑉𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = (𝒊𝑉𝑥 + 𝒋𝑉𝑦 ). (𝒊𝑑𝑥 + 𝒋𝑑𝑦) = 𝑽. 𝑑𝒓

𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑉𝑦 𝜕𝑉𝑥
− = − = (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑽). 𝒌, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑉𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = (𝒊𝑉𝑥 + 𝒋𝑉𝑦 ). (𝒊𝑑𝑥 + 𝒋𝑑𝑦) = 𝑽. 𝑑𝒓

∬ (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑽). 𝒌𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∮ 𝑽. 𝑑𝒓 (𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝟐𝑫 𝒃𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝒙, 𝒚)

𝐴 𝜕𝐴

∬ (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑽). 𝒏𝑑𝜎 = ∮ 𝑽. 𝑑𝒓 (𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝟐𝑫 𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒌𝒖𝒏𝒈)

𝜎 𝜕𝜎

Penurunan Hukum Gauss

 𝑞
𝑫 = 𝒆
4𝜋𝑟 2 𝑟
1
𝑑𝜴 = 2 𝑑𝐴
𝑟
𝑫・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 = 𝐷 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜎
= 𝐷 𝑑𝐴
𝑞
= ・ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝛺
4𝜋𝑟 2
1
= 𝑞 𝑑𝛺
4𝜋

∮ 𝑫・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 = 𝟎

𝑞 𝑞
∮ 𝑫・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 = ∫ 𝑑𝜴 = ・4𝜋 = 𝑞
4𝜋 4𝜋

∮ 𝑫・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 = ∑ ∮ 𝑫𝒊 ・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 ∑ 𝑞𝒊
𝒊

∮ 𝑫・ 𝒏 𝑑𝜎 = ∫ 𝝆 𝒅𝝉