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𝑫𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏, 𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒛 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝒏

𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐 𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 𝒕, 𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒍
𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐 𝒚 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒐 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆.

𝑫𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆: 𝑻 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒕

𝑻𝒎 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒐 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆

𝑻𝟎 𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐, 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕 = 𝟎

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒂𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒐 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒚𝒂, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔:

𝑳𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍

𝒅𝑻 𝒅𝑻
= 𝒌 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 = −𝒌(𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎)
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
↓ ↓
𝑪𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒂𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝐂𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐲𝐞

𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒌 𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅

 𝒅𝑻 𝒅𝑻
𝑺𝒊 = −𝒌 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 + 𝒌𝑻 = 𝒌𝑻𝒎 𝒆𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍, 𝒄𝒖𝒚𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒔
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝑻 = 𝒆−𝒌𝒕 (න 𝒆𝒌𝒕 𝒌𝑻𝒎 𝒅𝒕 + 𝒄) , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑨𝒆−𝒌𝒕

𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒎á𝒔 𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆, 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝑻 = 𝑻𝟎 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑨 = 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎

−𝒌𝒕
𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎
𝑪𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒔𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 = 𝒆−𝒌𝒕
𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎
𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎
𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝑳𝒏 𝒂 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒔, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 − 𝒌𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎
𝟏 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟏 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎
𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏( ) 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒌 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 𝒕 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎

Ejemplo 1.
𝑳𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝒏 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆
𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒔 𝑻 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐 𝒚 𝑻𝒎 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆. 𝑺𝒊 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝟐𝟎°𝑪 𝒚 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐
𝒔𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒓í𝒂 𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒅𝒆 𝟏𝟎𝟎℃ 𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝟔𝟎℃. ¿ 𝑬𝒏 𝒄𝒖á𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 𝒔𝒖 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓á
𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝟑𝟎℃ ?

Solución
𝑺𝒆𝒂 𝑻 = 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐; 𝑻𝒎 = 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 = 𝟐𝟎℃ , 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂
𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐
𝒅𝑻
𝑳𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒆𝒔: = −𝒌 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + (𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 )𝒆−𝒌𝒕
𝒅𝒕
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒐 = 𝟔𝟎℃ 𝒚 𝑻𝒎 = 𝟐𝟎℃

𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎) 𝟏
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔: 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏( = 𝑳𝒏 𝟐 :
𝟐𝟎 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝑳𝒏𝟐 𝒕 −𝒕
− 𝒕 −
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑻 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝒆 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝒆𝑳𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟎
−𝒕
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕=? 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎℃; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟏 −𝒕 −𝒕
𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐: = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝟐−𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟖
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏.
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟐
𝑼𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝟏𝟖℉, 𝒔𝒆 𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂 𝒂 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒖𝒚𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝟕𝟎℉, 𝒖𝒏 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒔
𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝟑𝟏℉. 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 𝒚 𝒆𝒏
𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂
𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒐.

Solución

𝑺𝒆𝒂 𝑻 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐; 𝑻𝒎 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒐 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝟕𝟎℉

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝒆𝒌𝒕 , 𝒂𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂, 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒌

𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕 = 𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏. 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟏°; 𝑻𝒎 = 𝟕𝟎℉ 𝒚 𝑻𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖℉; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟕𝟎 + (𝟏𝟖 − 𝟕𝟎)𝒆𝒌𝒕
𝟏 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑
𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒕 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟓𝟐 𝟒
𝟑
𝒕𝑳𝒏 𝟒 𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑻 = 𝟕𝟎 − 𝟓𝟐𝒆 ; 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏. 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑻 = 𝟕𝟎 − 𝟓𝟐( )𝟓 = 𝟓𝟖℉
𝟒
𝑳𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐. 𝑻 = 𝟓𝟖℉
Ejemplo 3.

𝑨 𝒍𝒂 𝟏 𝒑. 𝒎. 𝒖𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝟕𝟎℉, 𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒂
𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒔 − 𝟏𝟎℉; 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 𝒑. 𝒎. 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝟐𝟔℉; 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝒑. 𝒎 𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐
𝒔𝒆 𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂 𝒏𝒖𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕á 𝒂 𝟕𝟎℉. ¿ 𝑪𝒖á𝒍 𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎ó𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒂
𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝒑. 𝒎. ?

Solución

𝑺𝒆𝒂 𝑻 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒐; 𝑻𝒎 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 − 𝟏𝟎℉ ; 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝑻 = 𝑻𝟎 = 𝟕𝟎℉;

𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝒆𝒌𝒕 , 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝟏, 𝟎𝟐 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕 = 𝟐, 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒔 𝑻 = 𝟐𝟔℉

𝟏 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟏 𝟗
𝑳𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐 𝟐𝟔 = −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝒆𝟐𝒌 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒕 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟐 𝟐𝟎
𝟏 𝟗
𝒕𝟐𝑳𝒏 𝟐𝟎 𝟗 𝒕
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑻 = −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝒆 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑻 = −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎( )𝟐 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝒑. 𝒎.
𝟐𝟎
𝑡 = 5 𝑚𝑖𝑛.

𝟗 𝟓
𝑳𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐. 𝑻 = −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎( )𝟐 , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑻 = 𝟎, 𝟖𝟖 ℉
𝟐𝟎
Ejemplo 4.
𝑈𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 30℃ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑎 20℃
𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 10℃ . ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑟á 𝑒𝑙
𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 40℃ 𝑎 35℃, 𝑠𝑖 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 15℃

Solución
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑇 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑡, 𝑇𝑚 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑇0 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝒅𝑻
= −𝒌 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑪𝒆−𝒌𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝑻 = 𝑻𝟎 , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑪 = 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎
𝒅𝒕
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏. 𝑻 = 𝟐𝟎℃, 𝑻𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎℃; 𝑻𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎℃; 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝑻 = 𝑻𝒎 + 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝒆−𝒌𝒕 ; 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐

−𝟐𝒌
𝟏 𝑻 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 𝒆 ; 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒌 = 𝑳𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒌 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝟒𝟖
𝒕 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒎 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 = 𝒆−𝟎,𝟑𝟒𝟖.𝒕 ; 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝟐