MAQUINAS ELÉCTRICAS

ALTERNADOR

𝜙 𝑝𝑛 𝑑𝜙 𝑊 𝐹𝑙 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑙
𝐵= 𝑓= 𝐸=− 𝐸= = = = −𝐵𝑙𝑣
𝐴 120 𝑑𝑡 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐹𝐸𝑀 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜.

𝑝 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎

𝑣 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝐸 = −𝐵𝑙𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝐸 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝐴 = 𝑙 ∙ 2𝑟

𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑁 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎

𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔= 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑜. 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝐴 = 𝑚2 𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀
𝑠
𝑉2 𝑉
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = (𝐼𝑅)(𝐼 )(1) = 𝐼 2 𝑅 𝑃= 𝑍= 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑅 𝐼 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐. 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎

𝐿 = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 (𝐻) 𝑍 = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎

𝐸0 𝑉𝐶𝐷
𝑉 = 𝐸0 𝐴 = 𝐼𝐶𝐶 𝑍𝑆 = 𝑅𝑆 =
𝐸𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝐼𝐶𝐶 𝐼𝐶𝐷
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐼𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝐸0 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝐼𝐶𝐷 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝑉𝐿 𝑆𝐿
𝑍𝑆 = √𝑅𝑆 2 + 𝑋𝑆 2 𝑉𝑓 = 𝐼𝑓 = 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑉𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅 × 𝑅
√3 √3 × 𝑉𝐿 𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑆 = 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

𝑉 𝐿 = 𝐼𝐿 × 𝑋𝐿 𝐸 = √(𝑉 + 𝐼𝑅)2 + (𝑉𝑋𝑆 )2 𝐸 = √(𝑉 cos 𝜃 + 𝐼𝑅)2 + (𝑉sen 𝜃 + 𝐼𝑋𝑆 )2

𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑃 = 1 𝐶𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑃 ≠ 1

𝜃 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑋𝑆 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 90° 𝑑𝑒 𝐼

𝐸−𝑉
% 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔 = × 100
𝑉
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝐸 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜

 MAQUINAS ELÉCTRICAS

TRANSFORMADOR

𝐸𝑃 = 𝑁𝑃 𝜙𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.44𝑓 𝐸𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 𝜙𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.44𝑓

𝐹𝐸𝑀 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝐹𝐸𝑀 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑁𝑃 = 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑁𝑆 = 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎

𝑉𝑝 𝐸𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑆
𝑎= = = = 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑆𝑆
𝑉𝑠 𝐸𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑃 𝐴𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑃 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐼𝑃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝐼𝑆 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝐼𝑃 2 ∙ 𝑅𝑃 𝐼𝑆 2 ∙ 𝑅𝑆
𝑃é𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑃é𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝐼 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑅 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑉0
𝑉0 𝑋𝑚 =
𝑃0 = 𝑉0 𝐼0 cos 𝜃 𝑅𝐹𝑒 = 𝐼𝑋𝑚
𝐼𝐹𝑒 = 𝐼0 cos 𝜃 𝐼𝐹𝑒 𝐼𝑋𝑚 = 𝐼0 sen 𝜃
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜
𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑔.
𝐸𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 0 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜
𝑉𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑐𝑐
𝑍𝑐𝑐 = 𝑅𝑐𝑐 =
𝐼𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝑐𝑐 2 𝑅2 ´ = 𝑎2 𝑅2 𝑋2 ´ = 𝑎2 𝑋2 𝑍𝐿 ´ = 𝑎2 𝑍𝐿
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝐶