Cartesian Co-ordinate system Cylindrical Co-ordinate system Spherical Co-ordinate system

(ρ, φ, z) 𝟎≤𝝆≤∞
(x, y, z) 𝟎 ≤ 𝝋 < 𝟐𝝅
(r, θ, φ) 𝟎≤𝒓<∞
𝟎≤𝜽≤𝝅
dρ ρdφ dz −∞ < 𝒛 < ∞
dx dy dz dr rdθ rsinθdφ 𝟎 ≤ 𝝋 < 𝟐𝝅
−∞ < 𝒙 < ∞ (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) (𝝆, 𝝋 , 𝒛) 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 𝒓, 𝜽, 𝝋
−∞ < 𝒚 < ∞ Use the Code :
𝝆= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 = 𝝆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋 𝒓= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋
−∞ < 𝒛 < ∞ BVREDDY
𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
𝝋= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝝆𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝋 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝋
𝒙 𝒛
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽𝒚 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽𝒛 = 𝟏

⋅
z=z z=z 𝒚
𝝋= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒛 𝒛 = 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽

⋅
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 ax ay az
𝞩𝑉 = 𝒂𝑥 + 𝒂𝑦 + 𝒂 𝒂𝝆 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝋 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝋 𝟎 ax ay az
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑧
𝒂𝝋 = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝋 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝋 𝟎 𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝋 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝋 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝜕𝐴𝑥 𝜕𝐴𝑦 𝜕𝐴𝑧 𝒂𝒛 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝒂𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝋 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝞩. 𝐴 = + + 𝒂𝝋
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝝏𝑽 𝟏 𝝏𝑽 𝝏𝑽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝋 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋 𝟎
𝞩𝑽= 𝒂𝝆 + 𝒂𝝓 + 𝒂
𝝏𝝆 𝝆 𝝏𝝓 𝝏𝒛 𝒛 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉
𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒚 𝒂𝒛 𝞩𝑉 = 𝒂𝑟 + 𝒂𝜽 + 𝒂
1 𝜕 1 𝜕𝐴𝜙 𝜕𝐴𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜙
𝝏 𝝏 𝝏 𝞩. 𝐴 = 𝜌𝐴𝜌 + 𝜌 +
𝜌 𝜕𝜌 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧
𝞩×𝑨= 𝟏 𝝏 𝟐 𝟏 𝝏 𝟏 𝝏𝑨𝝓
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝞩. 𝑨 = 𝒓 𝑨𝒓 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽𝑨 𝜽 +
𝒂𝜌 𝜌𝒂𝜑 𝒂𝑧 𝒓𝟐 𝝏𝒓 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝝏𝜽 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝝏𝝓
𝑨𝒙 𝑨𝒀 𝑨𝒁
1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝞩×𝐴 = 𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝜽 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒂𝝓
𝜌 𝜕𝜌 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑧 𝟏 𝝏 𝝏 𝝏
𝐴𝜌 𝜌𝐴𝜑 𝐴𝑍 𝞩 × 𝑨 = 𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝜽 𝝏𝝓
Use the Code :
BVREDDY 𝑨𝒓 𝒓𝑨𝜽 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒂𝝓
Stoke’s theorem  The closed line defines a open surface
 The closed surface defines a volume
∮𝐿 𝐴. 𝑑𝑙 = ∫𝑆 𝞩 × 𝐴 . 𝑑𝑠
 Line------>1 Dimensional figure
Divergence theorem
 Closed line-----> 2 -Dimensional figure -----> open surface
∮𝑆 𝐴. 𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑉 𝞩. 𝐴 . 𝑑𝑣  Closed surface ------> 3- Dimensional figure --> volume
1. if 𝞩. 𝐵 = 0 The force b/w two charges
Solenoidal vector 𝟏 𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 Gauss’s law
𝑭= 𝒂𝒓 𝜓 = 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐
Divergence free vector 𝟒𝝅𝜺 𝒓𝟐
Continuous vector The Electric field at a point 𝜓 = ∮𝑆 𝐷. 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐 = ∫𝑉 𝜌𝑉 𝑑𝑣
2. if 𝞩 × 𝐴 = 0 𝑭
Irrotational vector 𝑬 = 𝐥𝒕 Work done by the electric field
𝑸𝒕 →𝟎 𝑸𝒕
𝐵
Conservative vector 𝑑𝑄 𝑐 w= 𝑄 ∫𝐴 𝐸 . 𝑑𝑙
𝜌𝐿 = 𝑚--->line charge density
Curl free vector 𝑑𝑙 Work done by the external agent
𝑑𝑄 𝑐
3. 𝞩. 𝞩 × 𝐴 = 0 𝜌𝑆 = 2 -->surface charge density w= − 𝑄 ∫
𝐵
𝐸 . 𝑑𝑙
𝑑𝑆 𝑚 𝐴
4. 𝞩 × 𝞩 𝑉 = 0 𝑑𝑄 𝑐
𝜌𝑣 = 3 --->volume charge density
Potential difference
5. Any solenoidal vector can be expressed 𝑑𝑣 𝑚 𝐵
V = − ∫𝐴 𝐸 . 𝑑𝑙
as the curl of some other vector 𝑘--------- surface current density (A/m)
6. Any Irrotational vector can be 𝐽------- volume current density (𝐴 ) Potential
𝑚2 𝑟
expressed as the gradient of some
𝑉=− 𝐸 . 𝑑𝑙
other scalar
7. 𝑨 × 𝑩 × 𝑪 = 𝑩 𝑨. 𝑪 − 𝑪 𝑨. 𝑩
8. 𝞩 × 𝞩 × 𝐴 = 𝞩 𝞩. 𝐴 − 𝞩2 𝐴
Use the Code : BVREDDY ∞

𝞩 ×𝐸 =0
9. 𝞩. 𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝑩. 𝞩 × 𝑨 − 𝑨. 𝞩 × 𝑩
10. 𝞩. 𝑽𝑨 = 𝑽 𝞩. 𝑨 + 𝑨. 𝞩 𝑽 𝑬 = −𝞩 V
 Electric fields Magnetic fields Electric fields Magnetic fields
1. Electric field intensity 1. Magnetic field intensity 5. Dipole moment 5. Magnetic dipole moment
measure of strength of Electric field measure of strength of Magnetic field 𝑃 = 𝑞𝑙 𝑀 = 𝑖𝐴
E→V/m H→A/m (⊝ ve to ⊕ ve) ( S to N)
2. Electric flux density 2. Magnetic flux density
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙 6. Polarization, 6. Magnetization
𝑫= 𝑩=
𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝒅𝝍 𝒅𝝓 𝑃= 𝑀=
𝑫 = 𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏 (𝑪/𝒎𝟐) 𝑩 = 𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏 (Wb/𝒎𝟐) or ( T ) 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

7. 𝑃∝𝐷 7. 𝑀∝𝐻
3.𝑫 = 𝝐𝑬 3. 𝑩 = 𝝁𝑯
𝝐 = 𝝐𝒓𝝐𝟎 𝑃 = 𝜒𝑒 𝐷 𝑀 = 𝜒𝑚 𝐻
𝟏 𝑭 𝝁 = 𝝁𝒓𝝁𝟎
𝝐𝟎 = × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝟏𝟑𝟔𝝅 𝒎 8. 𝐷 = 𝜀0 𝐸 + 𝑃 8. 𝐵 = 𝜇0 𝐻 + 𝑀
𝝁𝟎 = 𝟒𝝅 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 (𝑯/𝒎)
𝝐𝟎 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 (𝑭/𝒎) 𝐷 = 𝜀0 1 + 𝜒𝑟 𝐸 𝐵 = 𝜇0 1 + 𝜒𝑟 𝐻
4. 𝝐𝒓 ≥ 𝟏 4. 𝝁𝒓 ≥ 𝟏
𝐷 = 𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 𝐸 𝐵 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐻
𝝐𝒓 = 𝟏 → (𝒂𝒊𝒓/𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎) 𝝁𝒓 = 𝟏 → (air/vacuum/
𝝐𝒓 = 𝟖𝟎 → (𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓) non-magnetic medium 9. 𝝐𝒓 = 𝟏 + 𝝌𝒆 9.𝝁𝒓 = 𝟏 + 𝝌𝒎
Electric susceptibility Magnetic susceptibility

Use the Code : BVREDDY

 Point charge Line charge Circular ring
KQ ρL ρL ah
E= a E= aρ E= az
r2 r
2πε ρ 2 2
3
2ε(a +h )2
ρL a
KQ V=
V= ρL 1 ρL → Line charge density 2ε(a2 + h2 )
r V= ln
2πε 𝜌 Q
ρL = c/m
Arc 2πR Use the Code :
a → Radius of ring
BVREDDY
h → Distance from the center to the point
θ R a Conducting plate
Electric field is maximum at h = ±
2
θ Surface charge + +
1 Q sin ρs
E= 2
E=
ρs
a E= an
4πε R2 𝜃
2 2ε n
ε + +
ρs → surface charge density (c/m2)
1 Q an → unit normal vector + +
V= an = +ve, if the point lies above the surface charge
4πε R
= -ve, if the point lies below the surface charge
+ +
1 Q
V=
4πε r
Hollow conducting sphere / Solid non-conducting sphere
(Hollow non conducting sphere/ Q
solid conducting sphere) + + ++ ρv =
4 3
c/m3

E = 0, 0≤r<R + + +R 3 πR Use the Code :

+ + + + + E
1 Q + + + + 1 Q BVREDDY
+
R
+ = , r>R + + + 4πε R2
E 4πε r2
+ + ++ +
r=R r
+ + rρv 1 𝑄𝑟
+ + E= a = a 0≤r≤R
+ 3ε r 4πε R3 r

KQ r=R r
V = ,0 <r<R R3 ρv 1 Q
R = a = a , r>R
KQ 3εr2 r 4πε r2 r
= , r>R
r 3R2 𝑟 2
𝜌𝑣
V V= − , 0≤r≤R
3ε 2 2

Use the Code : R3 ρv

BVREDDY = , r>R
3ε 𝑟

3
Vcentre = V
r=R r 2 surface
Electric Dipole Parallel plate capacitor
Capacitance ϵA In parallel Charge divides
𝝐∮ 𝑬. 𝒅𝒔 C=
𝑷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝑷. 𝒂𝒓 𝑪= 𝒔 d
∫𝑳 𝑬. 𝒅𝒍 Capacitance of Co- axial cable
𝑽= =
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝒓𝟐 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝒓𝟐 Resistance (Cylindrical capacitor)
𝑷 2𝜋𝜖𝑙 Voltage same Current divides
𝑬= 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽𝒂𝒓 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽𝒂𝜽 ∫ 𝐄. 𝐝𝐥 𝐶=
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝒓𝟑 𝐑= 𝐋 𝑏
𝛔∮𝐬 𝐄. 𝐝𝐬 𝑙𝑛
𝑎
Poisson’s equation Spherical capacitor Electric field same
2
𝜌𝑣 𝛜
4πϵ
𝞩 𝑉=− 𝐑𝐂 =
𝜖 𝛔 C= Electric field divides
1 1 In series
𝝏𝟐 𝒗 𝝏𝟐 𝒗 𝝏𝟐 𝒗 𝝆𝒗 −
a b
+ + =− Capacitance of isolated
𝝏𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝒛𝟐 𝝐
capacitor
𝟏 𝝏 𝝏𝒗 𝟏 𝝏𝟐 𝒗 𝝏𝟐 𝒗 𝝆𝒗 Current same Voltage divides
𝝆 + 𝟐 + =− C = 4πϵ
𝝆 𝝏𝝆 𝝏𝝆 𝝆 𝝏𝝋𝟐 𝝏𝒛𝟐 𝝐
1 𝜕 2
𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕2𝑣 𝜌𝑣 Charge same
𝑟 + sin 𝜃 + 2 2 =−
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜑2 𝜖
𝑉𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
Dielectric strength E =
Laplace’s equation 𝑑
𝑣
𝞩 2𝑉 = 0 Dielectric strength of air E = 3 × 106 𝑚

Use the Code : BVREDDY

 Electric Charge Circular Conductor 𝛁 ∙ 𝐁 = 𝟎 Maxwell’s 𝐁=𝛁×𝐀
𝐝𝐐 Basic Charge Element NIa2 H 4th Equation 𝛗 = ∮𝑳 𝐀 ∙ 𝐝𝒍
H= 3 aH Solid Conductor
Source for Electric Fields 2 a2 +h2 2
Magnetic charge (A.m) I𝑟 H𝛂𝐫 F = Fe + Fm Lorentz’s force
𝐈𝐝𝐥
Basic current element
At the centre H= aφ ,0<r<R 𝟏
NI 2πR2 H𝛂 F = Q E + v × B equation
Source for magnetic field H = 2a aH 𝒓
Vector quantity I Torque on a current carrying conductor
If h >> a = 2πr aφ, r > R
μ 2M r=R r τ = NI A × B
Biot -Savart’s Law B = 4π0 h3
Solenoid Path of the charged particle
𝐈(𝐝𝐥×𝐫) Magnetic Moment (M) = NIA μ0 Ni
𝐇= ∫ 𝟒𝛑𝐫𝟑 A/m B= sinα + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 Angle b/w Angle b/w
𝐋
The magnetic field at the Centre of 2l E and V B and V
Ampere’s I θ Toroid
𝛁×𝐇= 𝑱 the arc is H = 2a 2π 𝜃=0 𝜃=0
Circuit Law Maxwell’s μ0 ni
B= Straight line Straight line
3rd equation 2πR
∮𝐿 H. dl = Ienclosed if a particle of charge q moves 𝜃 = 90 𝜃 = 90
in a circular path of radius r 1. E2t = E1t Parabolic path Circular path
I B with a velocity V , then the 2. D2n − D1n = ρs 0 < 𝜃 < 90 0 < 𝜃 < 90
H= sinα + sinβ aH
4πρ 3. H2t − H1t = K × an Parabolic path Helical path
For infinite conductor 𝝆 a P magnetic field at the 4. B2n = B1n
b centre of If two conductors
I
H= a
2π𝜌 H
circular loop tan θ1 μ1 tan θ1 𝜀1 tan θ1 ς1 are carrying the
A μ0 I μ0 qv = = = currents in the same
In general for n- equal sided polygon B= = tan θ2 μ2 tan θ2 ε2 tan θ2 ς2
direction , then the
2r 4π r 2 force
the H at Centre is μ0 qω μ0 Surface current
Force b/w two current carrying
B= = qf 1
conductors
I I
between
nI 4π r 2r H = 2 𝐾 × an μ0 I1 I2 𝑙 1 F F2 2 them is
H= tan π n sin π n F= B2 1 B1 attraction
πd 2πd
d
Continuity equation
Electric and Magnetic fields at the Centre
Law of conservation of Figure Electric Magnetic
charge 1. The net Electric field inside the field field
𝐝𝐐 conductor is zero
𝐈+ =𝟎 Use the Code : 2. The net charge inside the conductor 1.Equilateral 𝟗𝑰
𝐝𝐭 𝑯=
𝛛𝛒𝐯 BVREDDY is zero. triangle 𝐄=𝟎 𝟐𝝅𝒅
𝝯. 𝐉 = − 3. Conductor does not allow any
𝛛𝐭
𝟏 charge to enter into it .
Electric energy density, 𝝎𝑬 = 𝑫. 𝑬 𝑱/𝒎𝟑 2. Square 𝟐 𝟐𝑰
𝟐 4. The electric field at any point on the
Electric energy, 𝝎 = ∫𝑽 𝝐𝑬 𝒅𝒗𝟐
𝑱 𝐄=𝟎 𝑯=
surface of the conductor is normal 𝝅𝒅
𝟏
Magnetic energy density, 𝝎𝑬 = 𝑩. 𝑯 𝑱/𝒎𝟑 to the conductor surface .
𝟐
Magnetic energy, 𝝎 = ∫𝑽 𝝁𝑯𝟐 𝒅𝒗 𝑱 5. The conductor is a equipotential 3.Hexagon
𝟑𝑰
surface . 𝐄=𝟎 𝑯=
The locus of points in space that have same
𝝅𝒅
potential is called as equipotential surface. If any charge configuration
4. Circle 𝐄=𝟎 𝑰
Properties of Equipotential surface placed above at a distance ‘d’ from 𝑯 =
1. Work done in moving a charge from one point to 𝟐𝒂
the surface of a grounded conductor,
another point in the same equipotential surface is
zero. then the conductor will induce an
2. Two equipotential surfaces never cross each image charge , the polarity of the
other . image charge is opposite to the 360
No. of Image Charges = 𝜃 − 1
3. Equipotential surface is perpendicular to electric original charge and the image
field lines . charge must be located inside the
4. The equipotential surfaces are a family of conducting region such that on the
concentric spheres for a point charge and are a surface of the conductor the
Use the Code :
family of concentric cylinders for a line charges
for cylinder of charge.
potential is zero or constant . BVREDDY
 General Maxwell’s Equations

Point Form
( Differential Time Harmonic Form Integral form Remarks
Form )
1.𝞩. 𝑫 = 𝝆𝒗 1. 𝞩. 𝐷 = 𝜌𝑣 1. 𝝍 = ∮𝑺 𝑫. 𝒅𝒔 = 𝑸𝒆𝒏𝒄 = ∫𝑽 𝝆𝑽 𝒅𝒗 Gauss’s Law

𝝏𝑩 2. 𝞩 × 𝑬 = −𝒋𝝎𝝁𝑯 𝝏𝑩 Faraday’s Law

2. 𝞩 × 𝑬 = − 2. 𝑽𝒆𝒎𝒇 = ∮𝑳 𝑬. 𝒅𝒍 = ∫𝑺 − . 𝒅𝒔
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕

𝝏𝑫 𝝏𝑫
3.𝞩 × 𝑯 = 𝑱 + 3. 𝞩 × 𝐻 = 𝜍 + 𝑗𝜔𝐸 3. 𝑰𝒕 = ∮𝑳 𝑯. 𝒅𝒍 = 𝑱 + . 𝒅𝒔 Modified form of
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕 Ampere’s law

4. 𝞩. 𝑩 = 𝟎 4. 𝞩. 𝐵 = 0 4. ∮𝑺 𝑩. 𝒅𝒔 = 𝟎 Gauss’s Law for

magnetic field

Use the Code :BVREDDY

 𝑽𝒆𝒎𝒇
𝑩 function of time Effective Area - function of time

Statically induced emf Dynamically induced emf

𝝏𝑩
𝑽𝒆𝒎𝒇 = ∫𝑺 − . 𝒅𝒔
𝝏𝒕
Conductor cuts the flux lines θ - function of time

Motional emf Rotational emf

𝑽𝒆𝒎𝒇 = ∫𝑳 𝒗 × 𝑩 . 𝒅𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒎𝒇 = 𝑵𝑩𝑨𝝎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Use the Code :BVREDDY