DETERMINATION OF ANGLE OF

DIVERGENCE OF LASER BEAM

PHYSICS OPEN ENDED EXPERIMENT REPORT

Submitted by

Z.V.N.S.M.DEEPAK VTU15469
K.LOHITH VTU14047
B.SIVA RAMA KRISHNA VTU15678
S.RAMANA DORA VTU11909
T.SATISH PAVAN SINGH VTU15116
K.YASWANTH VTU14032

Vel Tech Rangarajan& Dr. Sagunthala

R&D Institute of Science and Technology
2019

Submitted to: R.BHUVANESWARI

(Associate professor)
Engineering physics
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 Vel Tech Rangarajan& Dr. Sagunthala
R&D Institute of Science and Technology
2019
Chennai – 600062

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “DETERMINATION

OF ANGLE OF DIVERGENCE OF LASER BEAM” is
bonafide work of
“Z.V.N.S.M.Deepak(VTU15469),K.Lohith(VTU14047),B.Siva Rama
Krishna,(VTU15678),S.Ramana Dora(VTU11909),T.Satish Pavan
Singh(VTU15116),K.Yaswanth(VTU14032)” who carried out the
Project work under my provision

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
K.BHUVANESWARI
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT COORDINATOR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

NO.

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Aim of the experiment 4

1.2 Formula 4

II MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE

2.1 Materials Required 5

2.2 procedure 5

III PICTURES OF EXPERIMENT

3.1 Experimental setup 6

IV TABULAR COLUMN AND CALCULATION

4.1 Tabulation 7
\
4.2 calculation 8-9

V INFERENCE AND RESULT 10

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

To determine the angle of divergence of laser beam using a

semiconductor laser.

1.2 FORMULA

Angle of divergence of laser beam,

𝜱 = (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏) /(𝒅𝟐 − 𝒅𝟏)

SYMBOL EXPLANATION UNIT

d1 The distance between metre

laser source and the
screen

d2 The new distance metre

between laser source
and the screen

a1 The spot size of the metre

laser beam on the
screen for distance d1

a2 The spot size of the metre

laser beam on the
screen for distance d2

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 CHAPTER II

MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE

2.1 APPARATUS REQUIRED:

•Semiconductor laser
•Screen
•Ruler

2.2 PROCEDURE:
The experimental setup used to find the angle of divergence of the
laser beam.
The Laser beam is allowed to fall on the screen and the spot of the
beam is observed and the spot size of the beam is measured .
1. The laser beam is made to fall on the screen which is kept at a
distance of d1 from the source.
2. T he spot size of the beam is noted and is taken as a1.
3. Now the position of the screen is altered to a new position d2 from
the laser source and again the spot size of the beam is noted as a2.
4. The same procedure is repeated by changing the position of the
screen at equal intervals atleast 5 times.
5. The readings corresponding to the position of the screen and spot
size of the beam is tabulated.
6. From this, the angle of divergence of the laser beam is calculated
using the formula Φ = (a2-a1)/(d2-d1) radians
7. The same is repeated by using semiconductor laser diode for the
same distances as done with He-Ne laser.
8. The angle of divergence calculated was compared and the results are
interpreted using two different types of laser beam.
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 Chapter - III

FIG.3.1 EXPERIMENT SETUP

FIG.3.1.EXPERIMENT SETUP

FIG.3.2.FORMATION OF LASER AT
DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM
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SCREEN
 CHAPTER IV
MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION

Table 4.1:
Measurement of angle of divergence using semiconductor laser :-

S. Distance Diameter Diameter Mean 𝜱 = (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏)

no Betwee of Spot of spot Diameter /(𝒅𝟐 − 𝒅𝟏)
n (Horizont (Vertical) Of spot (radians)
Laser al) (X10^-2 (X10^-2
beam (X10^-2 m) m)
and m)
Screen
(m)

1 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 𝜱13=0.1

2 2 0.5 0.5 0.5 𝜱14=0.05

3 3 0.6 0.6 0.6 𝜱15=0.0625

𝜱24=0.025
4 4 0.7 0.4 0.55 𝜱26=0.0625

5 5 0.8 0.5 0.65 𝜱35=0.025

𝜱36=0.05
6 6 0.9 0.6 0.75 𝜱46=0.1
Mean 0f 𝜱 = 0.059375 radians 7
CALCULATION :

For,
𝜱13  d1 = 1 , d2 = 3 , a1 = 0.4 , a2 = 0.6

 𝜱 = 0.6 – 0.4 / 3 – 1 => 0.2/2 = 0.1 radians

For,
𝜱14  d1 = 1 , d2 = 4 , a1 = 0.4 , a2 = 0.55

 𝜱 = 0.55 – 0.4 / 4 – 1 => 0.15/3 = 0.05 radians

For,
𝜱15  d1 = 1 , d2 = 5 , a1 = 0.4 , a2 = 0.65

 𝜱 = 0.65 – 0.4 / 5 – 1 => 0.24/4 = 0.0625 radians

For,
𝜱24  d1 = 2 , d2 = 4 , a1 = 0.5 , a2 = 0.55

 𝜱 = 0.55 – 0.5 / 4 – 2 => 0.05/2 = 0.025 radians

For,
𝜱26  d1 = 2 , d2 = 6 , a1 = 0.5 , a2 = 0.75

 𝜱 = 0.75 – 0.5 / 6 – 2 => 0.25/4 = 0.0625 radians

For,
𝜱35  d1 = 3 , d2 = 5 , a1 = 0.6 ,a2 = 0.65

 𝜱 = 0.65 – 0.6 / 5 – 3 => 0.05/2 = 0.025 radians

Similarly For,
𝜱36 = 0.05 radians , 𝜱46 = 0.1 radians

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Mean of 𝜱 = 0.1+0.05+0.0625+0.025+0.0625+0.025+0.05+0.1/8

== 0.475/8

==0.059375 X 10^-2 radians

== 0.00059375 radians

== 0.034036624 degrees

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 CHAPTER V

INFERENCE :
By this experiment,we can able to understand, how
To determine the angle of divergence of laser beam
using a semiconductor laser

RESULT :
Angle of Divergence of laser Beam using
semiconductor laser = 0.00059375 radians

= 0.034036624 degrees

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