International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019

Digital Trends in Artificial Intelligence

T. Rakhitha, A. Neha Sharma and Dr. D. GayathriDevi

Abstract---Artificial intelligence has shown an upward trend of that will mark web pages as malicious or non- malicious in
growth in this digital era. The increase in trend of artificial real-time with the help of AI [11].
intelligence has advanced the development of human society in our
time, with dramatic revolutions shaped by both theories and
techniques Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a future tech reputation II. AI AND TRENDS
that can probably speak for itself. In this paper we have composed A. Pepper Robot
various applications of Artificial intelligence with real time projects.
In 2010, Japan’s Softbank telecom operations partnered
with French robotic manufacturer Aldebaran to develop
Keywords---AI, Deep Learning, Data Analytics, Natural
Language Processing, Robotic. Pepper (Fig.1), a humanoid robot that can interact with
customers and “perceive human emotions.” Pepper is already
I. INTRODUCTION popular in Japan, where it’s used as a customer service greeter
and representative in 140 Softbank mobile stores. According
URING 2018, Humans witnessed a dramatic rise in tools,
D platforms and applications based on Artificial
intelligence and Machine learning. These technologies
to Soft banks Robotics America, a pilot of the Pepper in
California’s b88ta stores in both Palo Alto and Santa Monica
yielded a 70% increase in foot traffic in Palo Alto, and 50% of
impacted many software and Internet industry. Artificial
Neo-pen sales in Santa Monica were attributed to Pepper.
Intelligence is reached in our day-to –day life. Moreover, with
Additionally, the AI creation spent time at hip apparel store
a breakneck speed. From 80’s to now [1],
the Ave, where the retailer experienced a 98% increase in
Artificial Intelligence is now part of our everyday lives it’s
customer interactions, a 20% increase in foot traffic and a
very hard to believe. But it is becoming more intelligent and
300% increase in revenue.
accepted every day. Also with lots of business Opportunities.
While not the only retail robot in use, in-store robots like
Many companies such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google,
Pepper appear to at least initially boost store interest and sales.
IBM and Microsoft are investing in research and development
Whether this is a novel effect that will wear off once retail
of AI, which will benefit the ecosystem in bringing AI closer
robots become “the norm” remains to be determined.
to consumers. Artificial Intelligence consists of related
technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought
and behaviour. Includes thinking, speaking, feeling, and
reasoning. Artificial intelligence is possibly the most powerful
field in robotics. Robotics has made a lot of progress with
limited AI. Today's AI machines can replicate some specific
elements of intellectual ability. Some modern robots also have
the ability to learn in a limited capacity. Some robots
can interact socially. Robots will certainly play a larger role in Fig.1. Pepper-Semi-Humanoid Robot
our daily lives in the future. In the coming decades, robots will
gradually move out of the industrial and scientific worlds and B. Conversica
into daily life, in the same way that computers spread to the Conversica “sales assistant” software is designed to
home in the 1980s [6].Some of the Artificial intelligence’s automate and enhance sales operations processes by
successful projects such as Pepper bot, Conversica, Domino’s identifying and conversing with internet leads. The sales lead
Robotic Unit (DRU), Amazon Drones, Self-Driving Cars, and Management Company claims the authentic-sounding
Sophia robot have shown their innovation in science, messages result in an average engagement rate of 35%.
engineering and artistry. In this digital era the number of cyber In one case study, Star2Star Communications implemented
threats is increasing rapidly .Now a days internet has become a its Conversica-powered sales rep “Rachel” in 2016 and saw
part of our day to day life. The process of detecting the a 30% email response rate within hours. The customizable
malicious websites is done with the help of binary classifier sales assistant software is also used to cross-sell or re-engages
existing leads. New England-based Boch Automotive also
employed Conversica software, which it attributed to an
T. Rakhitha, Student, Department of Computer Science, Sri Ramakrishna
CAS for Women, Bharathiar University average 60-sale increase per month at one Toyota dealership.
A. Neha Sharma, Student, Department of Computer Science, Sri North Face has also adopted IBM Watson’s cognitive
Ramakrishna CAS for Women, Bharathiar University computing technology to help consumers determine what
Dr. D. GayathriDevi, Associate Professor, Department of Computer
Science, Sri Ramakrishna CAS for Women, Bharathiar University

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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019
jacket is best for them, based on variables like location and
gender preference.
C. Brilliant Manufacturing
General Electric’s (GE) Brilliant Manufacturing software,
in part inspired by GE’s relationships with client
manufacturing companies over the past two decades, was
designed to make the entire manufacturing process—from
design to distribution and services—more efficient and hence
save big costs over time. The software includes a suite of
analytics and operational intelligence tools appropriate for a
range of manufacturers [4].
The WIP Manager software, for example, provides
industrial and discrete manufacturers with plant-floor and
plant-wide collaborative visibility of all work in process. An
operational supervisor sitting behind a computer can now
identify in real-time a floor-based problem that arises in
workflow, rather than spending time making time-consuming
walkthroughs of entire manufacturing facilities.
Toray Plastics is one example of a company that is using
GE’s Plant Applications product, which allows management
to collect granular-level data throughout production and
reduce defective products and wasted productivity.
D. Gakushu Learning Software
Gakushu Learning software “Gakushu” means “learning”
in Japanese embedded in manufacturing robots speeds up
“smart” operations on a specific task, originally designed
for spot-welding and assembly lines. In 2016, Fanuc partnered
with Nvidia, with the goal of accelerating deep learning in
robots via Nvidia’s GPUs. Gakushu-endowed robots learn a
manufacturing task through use of a sensor that collects and
stores data.
The robots’ ability to adjust to real-time environmental
conditions and adjust motion can (according to Fanuc) result
in up to 15 per cent cycle-time improvements in spot welding.
Once the robot’s learning process is complete (about 18 cycles
later), the sensor is removed and the trained robots are then
able to complete a task autonomously.
The robots learning is paired with vibration control in the
form of an accelerometer that learns the robot’s motion and
provides increased movement stability. Tesla has employed
about 600 Fanuc robots at its factory in Fremont, and
according to Bloomberg BusinessWeek put in a significant
order for more robots back in September 2016 in an effort to
speed manufacturing efforts for the next slated delivery of its
Model 3 in July 2017[9].
E. Domino’s Robotic Unit (DRU)
Domino’s claims that its prototype delivery robot can
keep food and drinks at the appropriate temperature, the
DRU’s sensors help it navigate a best travel path for delivery.
DRU integrates robotics technology previously used for
military combat training. Domino’s doesn’t provide dates as to
when the DRU might be rolled out on a commercial scale, but
it seems plausible that robotic delivery of food—and other
goods—could be a burgeoning reality within the next decade.
ISBN 978-81-939960-1-0 © 2019 Published by Coimbatore Institute of Information Technology
F. Amazon Drones
Amazon’s “Prime Air” is described as a future delivery
system for safely transporting and delivering up to 5-pound
packages in less than 30 minutes.
The first 13-minute unmanned flight by Amazon took place
on December 2016, as seen in the video below. At present,
determining proper safety and reliability of operations and
systems is Amazon’s top priority. Amazon notes that it’s
working with regulators in “various countries”, though there
haven’t been any updates on forecasted dates for commercial
use. Similar to Domino’s DRU concept, it seems possible that
autonomous delivery of goods and food by air could be rolled
out at scale within the next decade [12].
G. Amazon Go
Amazon’s touted brick-and-mortar locations, known
as Amazon Go, employ check-out-free technology that allow
customers to shop and leave Customers use the Amazon Go
app to check in, but thereafter the entire shopping experience
is designed to be automated. Sensors track which objects
customers pick up and put in their basket, and customers’
Amazon accounts are automatically charged after exiting the
store.
The intended launch hasn’t been without its barriers, and at
the end of March 2017 sources close to the retail giant
announced that Amazon was delaying the opening of its
convenience stores while it worked out “technology glitches”
in the automated shopping and purchasing process.
H. PayPal
Since 2013, PayPal has leveraged fraud detection
algorithms to protect customer’s digital transactions. Over the
last few years, thousands of purchase patterns or “features”
have been learned by the security detection system, which can
now decipher between friends who are buying concert tickets
simultaneously and a thief making the same kind of purchases
with a list of stolen accounts [7].
A referenced study by LexisNexis found PayPal’s deep
learning approach to transaction security reduced fraud rate to
0.32% of revenue, which is 1% less than the average rate seen
my most ecommerce merchants.
I. Sophia
Sophia, a robot whose widespread appeal lies not in big,
dramatic actions (her torso is often fixed to a rolling base), but
rather an unsettling human-like appearance (Fig .2),
compounded with the complex ability to express emotions.
Cameras within Sophia's eyes combined with computer
algorithms allow her to see. It can follow faces, sustain eye
contact, and recognize individuals. It is able to process speech
and have conversations using a natural language subsystem
[3]. Sophia did utilize AI methods including face
tracking, emotion recognition, and robotic movements
generated by deep neural networks. Sophia’s dialogue is
generated via a decision tree, but is integrated with these
outputs uniquely.
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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019
Fig.2.Sophia
J. Self-Driving Cars
A self-driving car which can also be called as a robot
car, autonomous car, or driverless car, is a vehicle that is
capable of sensing its environment and moving with little or
no input. These cars combines a variety of sensors to perceive
their surroundings, such as radar, computer
vision, Lidar, sonar, GPS, odometry and inertial measurement
units. Advanced control systems interpret sensory
information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as
obstacles and relevant signage [2].
K. Siri
Siri is Apple's voice-controlled personal assistant and she or
he has been around for several years now. Siri is based on the
based on the fields of Artificial Intelligence and Natural
Language Processing, and it is comprised of three components
- a conversational interface, personal context awareness and
service delegation. The assistant first appeared on the iPhone
4S and it was described by Apple as the best thing on the
iPhone during the launch presentation as shown in figure
Fig.3.
Fig.3.Siri in iPhone4S
As well as on iPhone, Siri is now also available on iPad,
iPod touch, Apple Watch, HomePod and the Mac As we
mentioned, Siri is a built-in, voice-controlled personal
assistant available for Apple users. The idea is that you talk to
her as you would a friend and she aims to help you get things
ISBN 978-81-939960-1-0 © 2019 Published by Coimbatore Institute of Information Technology
done, whether that be making a dinner reservation or sending a
message.
III. PHISHING ATTACK DETECTION
Phishing continues to be a major concern, not only because
the rate of incidents is increasing, but also because attack
methods are becoming more sophisticatedas shown in figure
(Fig.4).
Fig.4.Phishing Attack Rate
Deep Learning is performed in an iterative fashion where a
cost function is optimized until acceptable convergence just
like many other Machine Learning algorithms. The number of
training examples (here URLs) that are used at a time is one
important parameter in training a Deep Learning model [10].
Machine is trained using the pre-existing collection of data
and it triggers when an error occurs. The process of detecting
the malicious websites is done with the help of binary
classifier that will mark web pages as malicious or non-
malicious in real-time. Here we have assigned the value 0 to
malicious websites and 1 to the non-malicious websites.
Proposed software will give the solution to control the illegal
access and strengthens the security system.
IV. CONCLUSION
AI or artificial intelligence is the simulation of human
intelligence processes by machines, especially computer
systems. These processes include learning, reasoning and self-
correction. Some of the applications of AI include expert
systems, speech recognition and machine vision. Artificial
Intelligence is advancing dramatically [8]. It is already
transforming our world socially, economically and politically.
Artificial intelligence is an umbrella term that encompasses
everything from robotic process automation to actual robotics.
AI can perform tasks such as identifying patterns in the data
more efficiently than humans, enabling businesses to gain
more insight out of their data. With the help from AI, massive
amounts of data can be analysed to map poverty and climate
change, automate agricultural practices and irrigation,
individualize healthcare and learning, predict consumption
patterns, streamline energy-usage and waste-management.
Phishing attack can be effectively detected and fixed by
training the machine with an already existing data set
(collection of URLs).
In the future, predictive analytics and artificial intelligence
could play an even more fundamental role in content creation
and also in the software fields. Open source information and
artificial intelligence collection will provide opportunities for
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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019

global technological parity and the technology of artificial can

become the future in all the domains of health, environment,
public safety and security.

REFERENCES
[1] AI, robotics, and automation: Put humans in the loop - 2018 Global
Human Capital Trends
https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-
trends/2018/ai-robotics-intelligent-machines.html
[2] ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THE NEXT DIGITAL FRONTIER? -
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/advanced%20e
lectronics/our%20insights/how%20artificial%20intelligence%20can%20
deliver%20real%20value%20to%20companies/mgi-artificial-
intelligence-discussion-paper.ashx
[3] Blog.adext.com
[4] Conference Deep-Dive: Machine Learning, Data Science & Artificial
Intelligence - https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-
releases/2017-10-04-gartner-identifies-the-top-10-strategic-technology-
trends-for-2018
[5] Francis X. Govers "Artificial Intelligence for Robotics: Build intelligent
robots that perform human tasks using AI techniques", 30 Aug 2018
[6] J. lerk Maxwell, “Artificial intelligence the next digital frontier”,
unpublished
[7] K.Elissa,”Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Prevent Cyber
Assaults”, unpublished
[8] Mick Benson "Artificial Intelligence: Concepts and Applications"
,Willford Press (May 16, 2018) , ISBN-10: 1682854094
[9] Scholar.google.co.in
[10] Terrence J. Sejnowski "The Deep Learning Revolution (The MIT
Press)", October 23, 2018
[11] Wilber Fankhauser "Artificial Intelligence Applications: Natural
Language Processing" November 11, 2015
[12] 2018 AI predictions 8 insights to shape business strategy -
https://www.pwc.es/es/publicaciones/tecnologia/assets/ai-predictions-
2018.pdf

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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019
Amalgamation of Cloud Computing &
E-Government – New Approach
T. S. Benazir and Dr. D. Gayatri Devi
Abstract---In today’s era India being one among the developing
countries is now facing revolution in e-government to serve smooth
and simple services for their citizens. However, its quite challenging
for the government sectors in adopting, implementing and using its e-
governments’ services. Few of the attributes of these challenges are
the infrastructure, refining present services or evolving innovative
services; data and application accumulations, budget costs, software
licensing and support and difficulties in migration, integration and
management for software and hardware. These encounters might lead
to the cause of failure in e-governments’ projects.
Therefore, a solution has to be defined to overcome these
challenges. Cloud Computing paves a dynamic role as solution for
these problems. This paper demonstrates the advantages of cloud
computing in solving e-government's challenges. This defined model
could be categorised into three different patterns of cloud computing
viz; Local Body Governmental Cloud “LBGC”, State Body
Governmental Cloud “SBGC” and Central Body Governmental
Cloud “CBGC”. Henceforth the proposed model standardizes how
the IT infra bonds to each of three clouds. In addition, readiness
assessment of the services needs to migrate into cloud. Finally, a set
of recommended cloud aspects and their values for each of three
clouds are suggested that ensure implementation of the sorted
services.
I. INTRODUCTION
N the most recent years the world has seen the wide
I propagation of e-governance in many nations considering its
advantages for the citizens and governments. For instance,
e-governance helps in accessing holistic information of an
individual, it also helps in upgrading to open administration
conveyance and grow correspondence channels. For
governments, it builds efficiency, develops economy, remote
assessing and monitoring to the data. Though every one of
these advantages for e-government, there are a considerable
lot of disadvantages for it.
II. LITERATURE OVERVIEW
Public Cloud: The services that are available to the clients
from a third party service provider through the internet is
known as public cloud. By the name it doesn’t mean that
public cloud user's data is publically visible or free to use;
public cloud providers typically provide an access control
mechanism for their users.
Private Cloud: The data and processes that are managed
within the group without the constraints of network
T. S. Benazir, Student, Department of Computer Science, Sri Ramakrishna
College of Arts & Science for Women. E-Mail: benazir0607@gmail.com
Dr. D. Gayatri Devi, Associate Professor, Department of Computer
Science, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science for Women. E-Mail:
gayathrics@srcw.ac.in
ISBN 978-81-939960-1-0 © 2019 Published by Coimbatore Institute of Information Technology
bandwidth, security exposures and legal requirements is
known to be a private cloud. In context, private cloud offer the
provider and the user greater control of the cloud
infrastructure, improving security and resiliency because user
access and the networks used are restricted and designated.
Community Cloud: A community cloud is cloud
controlled and utilized by a gathering of associations that have
shared interests, for example, explicit security prerequisites or
a typical mission. The individuals from the network share
access to the information and applications in the cloud.
Hybrid Cloud: A hybrid cloud is a known to be the
combination of two or more clouds (private, community, or
public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and
application portability.
III. APPLICABILITY ADOPTING CLOUD COMPUTING IN E-
GOVERNMENT
Nonetheless, in light of our examination in related writing,
there are numerous inhibitors forestall using e-government; we
break down into specialized and nontechnical inhibitors:
Specialized inhibitors as: Duplication of utilizations and
information, lacking trade and logging subtleties of customer's
information, inhibitors as difficulties in migration, integration
and management for soft-ware and hardware, poor capabilities
with disaster recovery, auditing and logging, fragmentation of
resources and low asset utilization, software licensing and
support, traditional infra-structure cannot scale, security and
privacy, and poor performance with rapidly changing in the
system requirements.
IV. OBSTACLES IN CLOUD E-GOVERNMENT
Although many previous benefits are found in utilizing
cloud computing in e-government environment, there are still
many issues and challenges that need to be addressed. When
third parties are treating with and processing sensitive data
especially in government sector, it is obvious that concerns
related to trust would be there in the mind of e-government's
stakeholders. Trust is an act of firm belief in reliability, con-
fidence, the capabilities and skills of others that you think you
can reasonably rely on them to care for your valuable assets
Trust is playing an important role in the success or failure of
e-government system that citizens should have confidence in
it. Some of the challenges when adopting cloud computing in
e-government are discussed below:
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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019
A. Lack of Data Control
The first and obvious issue is the government losing control
and ownership of data. When we have less control over our
assets then we trust the system less [41]. Since data are stored
in the cloud, data will be located at third party data centers
where we have less control over data and the cloud computing
providers have complete access to sensitive data.
B. Security and Privacy
In Cloud Computing data and information is not stored and
processed locally at the enterprise premises and the data are
accessed through an open network. In fact third parties are
responsible for storing and processing of data at their own
sites [26]. In a situation like that individuals are concerned
about the privacy of their personal data and information.
When third parties are processing important data stored at
remote ma-chines at various locations it is obvious people
would be worried about the privacy of their personal data
because it is a human right to secure their private and sensitive
information.
C. System Failure
Another potential issue is system failure, there are some
public services which should be available to citizens 24/7 but
these services are unavailable to the citizens at some
times[35]. Also the performance issue, especially for data
intensive computation as client machines are geographically
distanced, which could be a thousand miles away from the
cloud. Finally, internet speed will definitely affect the
performance. The possibility of data transfer bottlenecks as the
intensity of data processing and transfer as well as the number
of users accessing the data increase may complicate the
performance and costs as data transfer consumes
communication bandwidth.
D. Access Authorization
It is the responsibility of the cloud service provider to keep
the management interface secure from the unauthorized access
because the management functionality should be accessible by
few authorized administrators. Access authorization is
required in order to give access to authentic users through
claim base access control [29].
E. Data Leakage
Data leakage can be also the main reason of discourage-
ment for the government to use cloud based e-government
system because it affects the trust of citizens and
governmental organization in cloud based e-government
system [41]. E-government system contains sensitive data and
information about users and businesses therefore security of
the sensitive and secured data is important.
ISBN 978-81-939960-1-0 © 2019 Published by Coimbatore Institute of Information Technology
V. PROPOSED HYBRID GOVERNMENTAL CLOUD
COMPUTING MODEL
A. Gathering the Services/Applications required to
Migrate into Cloud
Firstly, we need to make many meetings with decision
makers in order to identify all departments and applications
will be included in the new domain and to identify the project
boundaries. In addition, collecting the services required to
migrate into cloud.
B. Classification the Services according to Some
Domains (Functionality and Properties)
Before identifying which the services will be migrated to
cloud and which will be delayed, we need to classify these
services into number of main categories: Static services, dy-
namic services, costly services, cheap services, secret services,
and fewer secret services.
There are many dependencies and overlaps between the
categories, such as the relations between the static services
and cheap services. In addition, there are relationships
between the categories of dynamic services and costly
services. Generally with perspective of IT professionals in
government and their possibilities and security considerations,
they can determine which service in which category.
C. Services Readiness Assessment
Governmental entity moves its e-services gradually from
traditional e-government into cloud technology. Therefore, we
need to assess the readiness degree of all services required to
move into cloud. In this stage, we declare the categories of
services move to cloud firstly, which will be delayed some
time and which will not move and need to some substantial
changes in the business and workflow, according to this pro-
posed model. Which identifying two dimensions impact and
resources availability for each service as shown below in
services with relatively high impact and high resource
availability are strong candidates to move to the cloud first
(area 1) then area 2 and finally the services in area 3;
For government: Cost saving to agencies in the form of
simpler and speedier transactions, helping reduce corruption,
increases openness and trust in government, and thus
contributes to help in the reform economic and political
program, increasing effectiveness by productivity and grow
economy, improving efficiency by making paper-work is so
simple, making daily processing tasks are easier and
facilitation public administration operations, web-based
applications can generate savings on efforts and time,
providing data collection and transmission and pro-vision of
information and communication with customers, enhancing
accountability; ICT helps to increase information available for
people, make each one, each department and each
management judging himself and full support for IT staff,
concentration in the technical works only, more training and
experience and saving their time and effort.
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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019
D. Governmental Cloud Implementation
As, we proposes a conceptual hybrid model for adopting
cloud computing in e-government consists of three computing
cloud; Local-Cloud computing, Regional-Cloud computing
and Wide-Cloud computing. The three cloud models are an-
alogs to the terms LAN (Local Area Network), MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network)
which are three types of the network designed to operate over
the area they cover in their functionality, operation and man-
agement. Each model allows devices to connect via any
connector, integrate, communicate and collaborate applica-
tions and data with different devices according to specifica-
tions, constraints and restrictions of each model.
Local Body Governmental Cloud (LBGC)
LBGC is a classified cloud in which data and processes are
managed within the organization or entity without the re-
strictions of network bandwidth, security exposures and legal
requirements because the users of this type are employees are
only located in the organization. In addition, LBGC provides
three basic delivery models of cloud computing services SaaS,
PaaS and IaaS, therefore it offers the provider and the user
greater control of the cloud infrastructure, applications,
improving security and resiliency because user access and the
networks used are restricted and designated. The links network
devices in such a way that connect workstations can share and
transmit data, tools and programs at a very fast rate as the
number of computers linked are limited. LBGC covers smaller
geographical area and are privately owned by entity or e-
government organization which is easy to design and
maintain.
State Body Governmental Cloud (SBGC)
SBGC is a combination cloud covers a larger geographical
area than that of a LBGC and smaller area as compared to
CBGC so the data transfer rate of SBGC is moderate therefore
the users of this cloud are external entities as customers,
partners and suppliers. It connects two or more entities that
reside in the same or different cities; therefore it is controlled
and used by a group of organizations that have shared
interests, such as specific security requirements or a common
mission. It may serve a provider to another entity so it's hard
and costly to design and maintain and it may or may not be
owned by a single organization. Finally, SBGC provides three
basic delivery models of cloud computing services SaaS, PaaS
and IaaS.
Central Body Governmental Cloud (CBGC)
CBGC is a universal cloud allows all public users to utilize
its services. It extends over a large geographical area. Its
services are characterized as being available to clients from a
third party service provider via the internet. CBGC does not
mean that a user's data is publically visible or free to use;
public cloud vendors typically provide an access control
mechanism for their users. Due to long distance transmission,
the noise and error tend to be more in it. Propagation delay is
one of the biggest problems faced here. Finally, WBGC
ISBN 978-81-939960-1-0 © 2019 Published by Coimbatore Institute of Information Technology
provides three basic delivery models of cloud computing
services SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. CBGC consists of three layers:
1) Front Layer: This layer is in the foreground of CBGC,
which is responsible for managing the users' registration,
requirements, authentication, security, modification, pro-
cessing, connecting with other layers and finally response
the user. Front Layer consists of two types of users; entity
(may be a provider or customer) and public user.
2) Services Layer: This layer is responsible for provisioning,
managing and automation all services users need. It con-
sists of three systems (Development, SaaS and GaaS); in
development system, user can use available tools and
platforms to produce or customize any service he need,
Data mart and Knowledge management. In SaaS system,
user can use any available public service as email, change
management, ERP, virtualization management, Digital
signature, Workflow, Web applications or any on the shelf
apps. In GaaS system, user can use the governmental
service as voting, insurance, traffic or any other govern-
mental system.
3) Physical Layer: This layer is base layer which represents
all physical elements/hardware users need on cloud ser-
vice, including servers hosting, storage, network, and
workstations.
E. Governmental Cloud Allocations
This section determines recommended important aspects in
cloud computing implementation. It identifies the most
appropriate proposed governmental cloud (LBGC, SBGC or
CBGC) for each e-service has a highly priority in (area 1).
Those practices are categorized into technical aspects, orga-
nizational aspects and environmental aspects. Each category
contains a set of specifications with their recommended
values.
1) Technical Aspects
This category includes some specifications concentrate on
technical view of services and their values for all three types
of governmental clouds. Services availability; it specifies the
available boundaries of the end user can access the service.
Fragmentation of resources; it refers to the re-sources places
required to deploy the service. Security; it indicates the
constrains and the techniques required to secure the service.
Data scalability; it refers to ability of scaling in and out of the
data used in the service. Services customization; it refers to the
changes required in the service to be compatible with business
requirements. Disaster recovery; It is the manner and the cost
of the dealing with service in case of catastrophe. Applications
Integration; it refers to how the service can integrate with
legacy systems and other applications.
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
This paper reviewed some of e-government and cloud
computing specifications, discussed some obstacles may lead
to failure of e-governments' projects and how can cloud
computing overcome these difficulties. Also, it proposed an
abstract hybrid model to adapt cloud computing in e-govern-
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International Conference on Research and Innovations in Computational Intelligence RICI 2019, 4th February, 2019

ment; which identifies and classifies e-services according to

specific domains. In addition, this proposed model identified
three types of governmental cloud computing; Local
BodyGovernmental Cloud “LBGC”, State Body
Governmental Cloud “SBGC” and Central BodyGovernmental
Cloud “CBGC”. It can deter-mine e-services readiness; which
e-service is ready now to migrate into cloud and which will be
delayed sometimes, therefore it prioritizes the e-services to be
migrated into pro-posed governmental clouds.

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