2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Environmental problems are so big that they cannot be solved by any person or
country alone. Instead, it should be solved at international level. To what extent do you
agree or disagree？

Environmental degradation has been recognized as one of the main challenges that we have
to overcome in the 21st century. The rapid deterioration of environmental problems is
believed to have posed a threat to our survival. To address this concern, countries worldwide
should join forces, instead of working individually for their own targets.

People support international cooperation for two reasons and the first point is that the
impact of environmental problems is normally on a global scale. It is common knowledge
that we share the same biosphere, whose components are interrelated. For example, a stream
in one country can be polluted by the sewage dumped by its neighboring country. In other
words, one country’s effort to tackle pollution can be futile if other countries are not involved.
It should be noted that some countries do not have adequate resources(including capital and
technology) to reduce pollution, even though these countries realise the importance of
environmental protection. These countries can cooperate with developed countries,
introduce technology and draw on experience so as to implement environmentally
friendly policies continuously.

Despite the importance of international cooperation, countries should take the initiative to
implement some changes. It is fair to say that countries are confronted with different
environmental problems. For instance, greenhouse gas emissions in china are mainly created
by the electricity generation industry while those in the United States are primarily attributed
to the increase in car use. The technologies and methods that are globally applicable may not
be effective in some countries. In addition, countries should enforce some environmental laws
and raise citizens’ awareness so as to restore the environment.

To summarize, countries should make a joint effort not only because the ecosystem is a
unified mechanism but also because it can make optimal use of financial and human
resources. Countries’s resource commitment is also important at regional or national level.

futile: 没有⽤用的
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

In some countries, it is now possible for people to buy products made in other
countries. To what extent do the benefits of this development outweigh the problems?

As the world is increasingly globalized, the exchange of commodities across the border is
proceeding at an astounding rate. It has sparked the controversy over whether the increase in
imports has adverse impacts. From my point of view, the practice’s advantage s outweigh its
disadvantages.

Importing goods can yield a number of benefits. The first benefit is that despite the high cost
of transportation, imports are competitively priced. The main reason is that the countries
which export these goods normally have their technology and professional knowledge to
ensure the goods’ quality and affordability. For example, China specializes in the production
of textile products so china-made textile are cheaper than local
counterparts in many parts of the world. Besides，imported goods have challenged
domestic manufactures’ dominance and intensified competition, thereby prompting these
manufacturers to lower product prices. It is beneficial to domestic customers, because
products are more affordable and the cost of living will decline.

On the other hand, the downside of importing goods is that the excessive reliance on imports
is likely to lead to the underdevelopment of some domestic industries. For instance, many
countries import computers, resulting in domestic manufacturers ’ bankruptcy. This is
detrimental to the development of a self-contained economy, and also likely to trigger
massive job cuts. Another problem is that transportation may create considerable pollution,
especially when it involves air freight. It will degrade air quality and also lead to other
environmental issues, such as global warning.

It is therefore reasonable to think that the advantage of importing commodities should be

accepted with caution. Although customers are able to acquire commodities at lower cost,
countries also need to pay attention to the development of their respective industries.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Some people believe that charities should give aid to whose who need the aid most,
wherever they live. Some people believe that charity organisations would better
concentrate on people in their own countries instead. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

Concern about humanitarian assistance has been heightened in recent years. Although
international aid illustrates the moral ideal of mankind, many people who hold opposing
views think that the welfare of fellow citizens is the priority. International aid has its
weaknesses, but its importance should not be denied.

The main reason why international donation agencies should view international assistance
from a global perspective is that their funds can help the citizens of those recipient countries
to combat poverty, disease and inequality. We should recognize that citizens of developing
countries are in desperate need of aid, because they are susceptible to natural or man-made
disasters such as wars. In those war-torn or poverty-stricken countries, where resources are
scanty, there is a high demand for food, medicine, tents and shelters.

Despite the importance of helping those beyond our national borders, it is reasonable to lend
a hand to our fellow citizens. Even in the richest countries, there are some disadvantaged/
deprived/ needy people whose needs for daily necessities are not met. If we can solve
problems on our doorstep, low income people can have basic living standards and this is
beneficial to social stability.

From my personal perspective, humanitarian action can restore some of their basic rights,
such as the right to receive education, in recipient countries. This is consistent with the
universal principle of supporting vulnerable populations. Those who cannot provide financial
support can work as aid workers and deliver services (e.g., training and medical service) to
those needy people.

To summarise, we should realise the implications of international aid to those who are
affected by disasters, poverty and misfortunes. We can deliver aid to other countries to show
compassion, although local beneficiaries is important.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Societies benefit from international tourism and business. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

In recent years, tourism has become an important industry and brought unprecedented
opportunities to these countries. However, the impact of tourism on these countries remains
a source of constant debate. The essay will elaborate on both positive and negative effects fo
tourism.

The implications of tourism for some countries are two fold. First of all, it should be
recognized that the development of tourism stimulates economic growth by generating
enormous employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange earning. The benefit is
particularly valuable to those impoverished countries, whose citizens are jobless,
malnourished and ill-housed. Tourism provides a driving force for the development of
various industries such as hospitality, transportation, communications, retail sales and
manufacture, which require substantial capital investments. Without the revenues created by
tourism, these industries are not likely to develop and the economic growth will be sluggish.
Furthermore, tourism provides economic incentives for cultural preservation, because some
places of cultural importance, e.g., historical sites, remain the most popular destinations.
Those who express concerns about the negative effect of tourism should realise that tourism
revenues can be used to protect cultural or historical heritage and also the local landscape.

On the negative side, environmental destruction is one problem that arises from international
tourism. The construction of infrastructure and tourism facilities(including airports, roads,
hotels and resorts)will destroy environmental resources. Another problem associated with
tourism is that it can threaten the local culture. The arrival of tourists can disrupt the life of
local people, who abandon their traditional livelihoods and start to work in the tourism
industry. It is true that in many places, local people do not embrace tourism with open arms.
Due to a lack of understanding of local customs, tourists might display some impolite or even
offensive behavior, which can lead to local people’s unhappiness or hostility.

In the light of these facts, we can come to the conclusion that tourism can help some
countries reap economic benefits although these countries may have to accept social and
environmental costs. These countries should promote culturally appropriate activities and
require tourists to show respect for the local life, traditions and natural scenery.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

English has become a universal language. Do you think that the positive effects of this
trend outweigh negative effects?

Today, the role of english as a global language is indispensable/irreplaceable, but it is worth

mentioning that the prevalence of english worldwide might has its negative effect. In my
opinion, English’s dominance can be viewed in a positive light.

It is unquestionable that the extensive use of english worldwide helps promote international
cooperation, as language constitutes the biggest barrier to people ’ s communication in the
global setting.For example, if a company ’ s financial statements are written in english, any
investor who a good command of english ia able to read this company ’ s documents and
understand this company’s operation, whether or not
english is their first language. That’s why English has been identified／regarded/
recognised/acknowledged as the main language by many international conferences
and academic groups and also by 80 per cent of websites in the world when presenting
information. It would be no exaggeration to say that those who do not speak English find it
difficult to survive in the global community. By contrast, people who have proficiency in two
languages (English plus their native language) can easily find jobs, collect information and
travel overseas.

Despite the contribution of the language to globalisation, it is considered the culprit of the
loss of language diversity. The idea lies in the fact that many english leaners, such as those
who move to English-speaking countries, speak their native language less frequently. It
should also be noted that English, as the favorite language for international media, conveys
English-speaking countries ’ s lifestyles, values and beliefs to different parts of the world. It
might affect the world’s cultural diversity. In spite of this, I am convinced that english is able to
bridge the language gap and introduce minority cultures to the world, thereby protecting
these cultures.

In conclusion, English plays a vital role in communication and cooperation among people
from different countries. Although some people suspect that english will endanger some
minority languages, this claim is not supported with evidence. The reality is that english
sometimes assists us protecting cultural heritage.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Many countries spend a lot of money in art. Some people think investment in art is necessary,
but others say money is better spent public services and facilities. discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.

Government sponsorship for arts is a controversial issue, especially when the state is
confronted with budget problem. Those who object to public funds for arts believe that
money should be diverted to the construction of public facilities. i am of the opinion that the
government should take citizen’s benefits into consideration and adjust the spending on art
or infrastructures accordingly.

It is important to realize that art is an essential component of cultural legacy, so the

protection and development of art has important implications to cultural diversity. In terms of
painting, for example, styles, genres, tools and materials differ from culture to culture. if not
well protected, an art form is likely to disappear and we would like live in a mundane world.

Despite the importance of art, public facilities deserve more of government spending than art.
Citizens are interested in the availability of public facilities, such as water and electricity supply,
schools, libraries and roads, which have a direct impact on their daily lives. By contrast, for
most people, sculptures, paintings, or operas are luxury items, which cannot bring any
tangible benefit to them. Therefore, it is pointless to support the use of public funds for this
purpose, if basic facilities are underfunded and ill-equipped to meet public needs.

I personally think that the arts should get public money, because it boosts the appeal of the
built environment, reflected in the diversity of architecture and landscaping. If we are
exposed to visually attractive objects every day, we can enjoy peace of mind and feel an
increased level of satisfaction with life. People will be less likely to commit violent or anti-
social acts, and this is beneficial to community cohesion.

In the light of the facts outlined above, government investment in the arts is essential to
cultural diversity and the visual appeal of the built environment. However, in those countries
whose infrastructure is inadequate, spending cuts on the arts are justifiable.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Instead of asking the government to bear the high cost of higher education, students
should pay tuition fees themselves. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

The government has long been the major funder of university education. Those people who
support government spending on education think that some students do not enrol because
of learning costs. My view is that students’ personal situations should be considered, before
the government decides whether to offer free education.

It is worth noting that university education is the key to closing/bridging the income gap.
There are numerous students, especially those from low income families, who cannot afford
educational expenses. For example, students who study law or medical science may spend
years in the university, and in other words, university education is an expensive option for
them. Because of financial constraints, people of low socio-economic status are at a
disadvantage in terms of educational opportunities and career development. If the
government provides free access to education, children from disadvantaged backgrounds
can get into the college and find decent jobs in the future. this can close the social divide and
create a prosperous country.

Even though government sponsorship can inspire people to receive tertiary education, it can
also cause the waste of public resources. Free education may be a reason why many
are reluctant to complete their courses and enter the workforce at the earliest
students date.It
not only adds/imposes a burden on the country but also affects state funding for
other sectors(e.g., primary and secondary education). Another problem is that, because of
financial pressures, universities cannot upgrade facilities and recruit well-qualified lecturers,
which can have a negative impact on students’ academic achievement.

To summarize, the government should provide financial support according to students’ needs
to ensure that they have access to education. However, tuition fees are applicable to most
students, especially those from middle to high income families, as it helps maintain the
quality of tertiary education.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Some people say that the government should ensure that people lead a healthy life,
while others believe that individuals should have their own choices. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.

Leading a healthy lifestyle is important because it is closely correlated with one’s dignity and
wellbeing. It is suggested that people are unlikely to adopt healthy lifestyles, unless the
government takes some actions. My view is that the lifestyle should be decided by people
themselves, despite the importance of the government guidance and intervention.

It is reasonable to think argue that if people can choose their lifestyles freely, it reflects the
respect for basic human rights. People who are obsessed with how to comply with
government regulations will live under tremendous pressure. Although people are
encouraged to eat vegetables and adopt a balanced diet, it does not mean that laws should
specify the proportion of vegetables in diet. It not only poses a threat to their health, but also
causes their resentment against the government.

On the other hand, it is important for the government to impose restrictions on some habits,
especially those that are wildly believed to be damaging. This is due to the fact that most
people have difficulty in disciplining themselves and cannot refrain from some unhealthy
habits. For example, it is common knowledge smoking is harmful to people’s health but many
people have problems ceasing smoking. The consequence is that their behavior not only
damages their own health but also has an adverse effect on others. Their reliance on medical
care leads to overconsumption of resources and a higher demand for the use of tax payer’s
money; this is unfair to those who follow healthy habits.

Overall, i believe that one’s freedom to choose lifestyles should be protected provided that is
does not interfere with other people.The primary role of the government is to provide
information rather than to regulare citizens’ behavior.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

The society is based on rules and laws. The society would not function well if individuals
were free to do whatever they want. To want extend do you agree or disagree?

Laws refer to the rules imposed on human beings. Although the law is important in
regulating people’s behavior, many people argue that it restricts individual’s freedom. I think
that it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the functions of law in society
and its demerits.

It is an undeniable fact that the law informs citizens of the rules that are recognized by the
whole society. The essential point of formulating laws is that laws can prevent one from
engaging in actions that are harmful to other people. Anybody who fails to comply with laws
will be punished, so the law helps establish a harmonious society. For example, people may
commit robberies and murders because of jealousy, greed and hatred. If these actions were
accepted/permitted on the grounds of personal choice, it would be detrimental to other
people ’ s interest. It is also true that many ethical standards, such as those standards that
emphasize honesty, loyalty, and compassion, enhance/ improve/ increase social cohesion.

Nevertheless, laws sometimes inevitably infringe upon human ’ s freedom and even
hamper/hinder/obstruct social development. For instance ， if one country has many
restrictions on the business world, the business activity will not be active/brisk. High
income earners who subject to high income tax rates may lack motivation to maker greater
efforts to increase their income. It is also true that in a society where personal freedoms, such
as the freedom of speech, are limited, it is impossible to have different voices heard and solve
problems efficiently.

It is reasonable to conclude that the society cannot operate well without laws and rules. Even
though the law does not allow people to act at will, the main purpose is to create a society
where people can live in harmony.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Economic progress is one way to measure the success of one country, while some
people think that there are other factors. What other factors should be considered?
Among these factors, do you think that any factor is more important than the others?

The rapid growth of emerging economies has fueled the controversy over how to define
successful countries. Regarding the distinguishing features of successful countries, people
might have some shared opinions but they do not reach any agreement. I think that besides
economic development, other factors should be taken into consideration.

Firstly, social welfare is a significant factor, which has relevance to people ’s satisfaction with
life. There is ample evidence that in many in many countries, poor people do not benefit from
economic growth,which is reflected in the widening gap between haves and have-nots.
National wealth is not distributed evenly, and the health service and the education are
underfunded. Because of the ever-increase cost of living, people are not satisfied with their
living standards, while the escalating class conflict can threaten social cohesion. It is also
important to realise that the economic progress of some countries is achieved at
environment ’ s expense. Industrialization leads to the exploitation of natural resources,
destroying the environment and causing severe pollution.

Considering these factors, economic growth should not be regarded as the main criterion for
measuring a country ’ s success. There is a growing recognition that a successful country
should ensure the fair distribution of wealth so citizens ’ needs can be satisfied. People are
able to acquire necessities such as food, housing, education, medical care and so forth at
affordable prices. In deciding whether a country is liveable, it is also important to consider air
quality, access to clean water, waste disposal, sewage management and transport
infrastructures. In addition, we must take into account the issue of whether or not the
economic development is sustainable, namely, whether the country can conserve resources
for future generations.

In brief, it is premature to equate wealth with success. Living standards and sustainable
development are among those factors that can be taken into consideration when a country’s
success is evaluated.
 2018年8-10月份预测题目 公众号：考雅逻辑写作

Some people believe that they should be able to keep all the money they earn and
should not pay any tax to the state. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Tax has long been a disputable issue, especially when people struggle with economic
uncertainties and higher costs of living. Some people might complain that tax is a heavy
burden especially when it undermines their buying power significantly. I am of the opinion
that we are beneficiaries rather than victims of taxation.

The reasons for levying tax are manifold. With tax revenues, the government can pump
money in public facilities, including roads, dams, ports, bridges and airports, which are
essential to the public well-being. The public sector, which is normally state-funded, also
plays an integral role in services such as waste management, sewage treatment and public
transport while private enterprises are not likely to deliver thees services at low cost.Public
security is another benefit that people can obtain from tax-paying. The expenses of law
enforcement, fire department and national defence all have been paid by the taxes imposed
on taxpayers. We should also recognise that the government can achieve the gaol of income
redistribution and bridge the gap between rich and poor by taxation. For example, in many
countries, the high income group needs to pay high tax, while the low income group can get
assistance from the government.

Taxation is also one of the important approaches to intervene in the economy.For instance,
when one country’s economy experiences a downturn, the government needs to reduce the
tax to encourage public consumption and business investment. In contrast, the government
may levy higher taxes to curb consumption in order to avoid economic overheating.Another
function of tax collection is to regulate citizens’ behavior. One example is that the heavy tax
on cigarette and alcohol discourages people from spending on these items and from
developing unhealthy habits.

I am convinced that nobody would perceive tax as a burden which does not create any
benefit, if he or she has a comprehensive understanding of taxation. The truth is that without
tax revenues, the country would not function well while many public services are no longer
widely available.