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English Notes For Class 10 Karachi Board PDF
English Notes For Class 10 Karachi Board PDF
com
Application
To Principal Asking Permission for Visiting Pakistan Steel Mills and Making
Necessary Arrangement for Transport
The Principal,
X-Y-Z School, Karachi
SUBJECT: PERMISSION TO VISIT PAKISTAN STEEL MILLS.
Dear Sir,
With due respect, I beg to say that the students of our class wanted to visit Pakistan Steel
Mills Karachi. We shall be accompanied by three of our senior teachers. This trip will be
a beneficial trip for us, from which we can make increment in our knowledge by
watching how machines actually work. We can also pick a valuable information for the
forth-coming technical exhibition.
We will be grateful to you if you allow us to visit Pakistan Steel Mills and make
necessary arrangements for transport.
Thanking You.
Your’s faithfully,
Students of Class X
The Principal,
X-Y-Z School, Karachi
SUBJECT: NEED FOR CHARACTER CERTIFICATE.
Respected Sir,
I have the honour to inform you that I have passed the Matric with A Grade from your
school. Now for taking admission in the college I shall need a character certificate.
I, therefore, request you to issue me a character certificate. I’ll be grateful to your this act
of kindness.
Your’s Obediently,
X-Y-Z.
To,
The Headmistress,
ABC High School,
Clifton,
Karachi.
SUBJECT: APPLICATION FOR SICK LEAVE.
Respected Madam,
I am a student of class IX of your school and has been suffering from cold and fever since
yesterday.
I am under treatment of my family doctor who has advised me bed rest for two more
days.
In the light of my aliment, I would request to grant me sick leave for three days and for
this act of your’s I shall remain ever grateful to you.
Thanking you once again for your favour.
To,
The Headmistress,
X-Y-Z School,
Saddar,
Karachi
SUBJECT: NEED FOR TRANSFER CERTIFICATE.
Respected Madam,
I am a student of your school studying in class IX at present, I feel extremely sorry to
inform you that I shall not be able to prolong my studies in your esteemed school as my
father is leaving with all the members of his family to Oman in connection with a job.
Therefore under the above circumstances, I would request you to issue me a Transfer
Certificate which will enable me to seek admission in a school in Oman.
Your’s Obediently,
X-Y-Z.
To the Headmistress Requesting Her to Grant Your Leave of Absence for Six Days
for Attending Marriage Ceremony of Your Cousin.
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To,
The Headmistress,
ABC High School,
Hyderi,
Karachi
SUBJECT: REQUEST TO GRANT LEAVE TO ATTEND MARRIAGE CEREMONY.
Respected Madam,
I am writing to inform you that marriage of my cousin is going to be solemnized on 11th
September 1998 at Hyderabad.
My parents and other relatives are leaving for Hyderabad on 6th September, 1998 to
attend the marriage.
Therefore Madam, I would request you to grant me leave of absence from 6th September,
1998 till 12th September, 1998 of the same month so that I can join the happy
celebrations in traditional style.
Thanking You for act of kindness in this regard.
Your’s Obediently,
X-Y-Z.
To,
The Headmistress,
ABC High School,
Saddar,
Karachi
SUBJECT: REQUEST FOR THE CONCESSION IN FEE.
Respected Madam,
I am a student of your school studying in class IX. I am very keen to continue with my
study but the financial condition of my family is very poor and it is becoming a
hinderance.
My father is a school teacher and earns a very little amount from his work. More over due
to inflation it has become difficult for my father to afford my education.
Madam, from the school record you will find that I have obtained excellent marks in
S.S.C part 1 and hope to pass in grade A-1 in final part of same examination.
In the light of the above circumstances, I would request you to grant me concession in my
school fee.
CHAPTER – 1
Q.4 What was the dispute between the rich man and beggar?
Ans. The dispute between the rich man and the beggar because of a horse. Both of them
were claiming the ownership of horse plus accusing each other of robbery.
Q.8 What did the horse do when the beggar touched it?
Ans. When the beggar touched the horse it winced as if it did not like the touch of his
hand. This reaction of the animals show that it was not owned by the beggar.
Q.9 What did the horse do when the rich man touched it?
Ans. When the rich man touched the horse it neighed and snorted with pleasure. This
reaction of the horse proved the true ownership of the rich man.
Sentences
Synonyms
1. shiver – tremble
2. astonish – amaze
3. cling – stick
4. request – beg
5. stiffen – harden
6. severe – stern
7. utterly – completely
8. disguise – hide
9. obvious – clear
10. puzzled – confused
11. mingle – mix
1. Beg – Beggary
2. Live – Life
3. Lend – Loan
4. Believe – Belief
5. Please – Pleasant
6. Give – Gift
7. Speak – Speech
Composition
1. Describe the dispute between the rich man and the poor beggar and how did the
Caliph prove that the beggar was a liar?
The dispute between the rich man and the beggar was because of a white horse. Both of
them were claiming the ownership of the horse plus accusing each other of the robbery.
Firstly, rich man riding to the city, he saw the beggar limping along the road. He felt
sorry for him and gave him a ride up city gate. Afterwards, the beggar refused to
dismount claiming that horse belonged to him. The beggar also told the same story with
few amendments.
The Caliph, being wise, settled the dispute in a minute. He ordered both the men to touch
the horse. When the beggar touched the horse, it showed the displeasure by wincing. But
when the rich man touched the horse, It neighed and snorted with pleasure. The reaction
of the animal proved the true ownership of the rich man. In this manner the case was
decided and the Caliph was able to prove that the beggar was a liar and wicked man.
Professions
CHAPTER – 3
Composition
Unseen Passage
Before railways were made the cultivator derived little benefit on abundant harvest. He
could not send his product to distant places to be sold; and if the land produced more than
it was required in any particular district, as would happen in a good season. Prices fell
and the cultivator was deprived of the profit which he might have expected, indeed, he
often found it more economical to leave apart of his crop circuit. Railway has altered
these conditions equalized has enabled agricultural, produce the improvements in
communication to be sent to any distance with the result that prices have been in all
places, within reasonable distance from the railway. When harvest are abundant,
foodstuffs no longer not for want of buyers, since the farmer now has access to all the
markets of the world.
Questions
1. Write down to main problems the farmer had to face before railways were made?
Ans. The main hazards the farmer had to face were that he could not send his produce to
the far-flung areas. The other problem was that if more crop is harvested, the prices fell
and he deprived of the profit.
3. Why did the cultivators sometimes leave a part of his crop uncut?
Ans The farmers sometimes left a part of their crop uncut because it was found more
economical for them other than getting low prices for the produce.
Grammar
Idioms
Synonyms
1. Reflection – Image
2. Enshrined – preserved carefully
3. Divine – of God
4. Dignity – honour
5. Par excellence – the best
6. cultivating – developing
7. professional – concerning one’s job
8. regard – opinion
Little Things
CHAPTER – 4
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Julia Carney. The poem emphasis upon the importance of little
things.
Central Idea
Nothing in this material world is unimportant. Even little things, which fail to claim and
importance and fail to invite our attention, have their importance which cannot be
ignored. Same as short, brief an soft spoken words create an everlasting impression in the
hearts of others. Thus help to establish a harmonies society.
Theme
“If a great thing is simple to explain and easy to understand then the little things demand
elaboration of details.”
Q.1 Write five lines about a little out of kindness done by you, and the result of it?
Ans. Once a poor woman came to my house. She asked us about some money because
her only son was in the hospital and she needed the money to buy medicines for him. My
mother did not believe on her story but I offered my whole collection of the year which
was about 800 to 900 rupees. In return, the woman gave me so much prays that I felt very
happy on my act.
Sentences
1. To make fun of – We should not make fun of poor because they are also human beings
like us.
2. To make room – The conductor was trying to make room for incoming passengers
inside the bus.
3. To make money – Most of the people spend their lives in making money other than
doing good deed.
4. To make a mistake – Aslam is making a mistake by choosing Qurban as his partner.
5. To make up – I’ve made up my mind to go to England for higher studies after the
matriculation exams.
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Use of made of
1. That house is made of bricks.
2. This cushion is made of foam rubber.
3. These machines are made of steel.
Idioms
A Visit
CHAPTER – 5
Q.2 What surprised the boys when they reached the model farm?
Ans. When the boys reached the farm, they were surprised to see such a vast area of farm.
They were also astonished to see mechanized farm.
Q.3 What is the name of the machine working in the wheat field?
Ans. The name of the machine working in the wheat field is “Combine”. Its function is to
harvest the crop and tied it into sheaves.
Q.5 How are ploughing, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?
Ans. On the model farm, ploughing is done by tractors. The sowing machine is used for
the purpose of seeding where as harvesting is done by Combine.
Q.7 What is an average produce from and ordinary farm? What is the produce per
hectare on the model farm?
Ans. The average produce from na ordinary farm is 13 to 20 quintals. Where as average
produce per hectare on the model farm is 60 to 70 quintals.
Sentences
Composition
1. Narrate in your own words how they get so much produce per rectare on the model
farm.
The farmers are able to grow an abundant produce on the model farm because of the
modern techniques. They use modern machines, which can perform the work of hundred
men. Along with, fertilizers are being used on a vast scale in the farm, so that better and
finer crops can be grown. Moreover, spray of pesticides/insecticides and non-stop supply
of water has helped to increase the work output.
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2. Write the sentences to show whether modern methods of farming are better nor the
old ones.
Machines and techniques have made the profession farming easy for the farmers. Modern
methods are better than the old ones because they are more easy to operate than the old
methods.
They have increase the feasibility of work, because of mechanized means. In this way,
one machine can do the work of hundred men. The old methods worked very slow and
took a long time of the farmer. But today, the time is also saved and good crops can be
grown. Today chemical fertilizers are being used in crops on vast scale, along with
pesticides. These salts provide extra enrichment to the crops and protect them from
diseases. In this manner better crops could be grown.
Dialogues
Instructor: “Hello! I m from the department of Agriculture. I’ve come here to guide
you”.
Farmer : “How can I increase the production?”
Instructor : “You can do it by using chemical fertilizers in your crops.”
Farmer: “But how these artificial compounds can increase the growth?”
Instructor: “Actually these fertilizers are salts, which provide extra nourishment to the
crops. In this manner you can grow better crops”.
Farmer: “OK! Now tell me any other advantage of these fertilizers.”
Instructor: ” By using these salts you can also grow the crops that are out of season.”
Farmer: ” Well I’ve another problem to discuss.”
Instructor: ” What is it?”
Farmer: “Last year my whole crop was destroyed due to some insects. Tell me any cure
for it?”
Instructor: “Don’t worry Look! These are the begs of pesticides or you can call it
insecticides.”
Farmer: “Please make it more clear.’
Instructor: “Sure, actually these pesticides serve as medicines which will kill the insects
and prevent destruction of crops.”
Farmer: “Oh it’s very easy. you’ve provided me a useful knowledge. Thank You.”
Instructor: “No matter, its my job.”
Grammar
Mr. Hasan told the visitors that the farm had been doing so well that they had decided to
add a dairy to it. There, Finest cows and buffaloes would be kept. The farm would use an
electric milker to milk the animals Modern Machinery would make cream and butter.
Mr. Hasan said to the visitors “The farm has been doing so well that we have decided to
add a dairy to it. Here, finest cows and buffaloes will be kept. The farm, will use an
electric milker to milk the animals. Modern machinery will make cream and butter.”
Idioms
King Faisal
CHAPTER – 6
Q.8 What did FAisal do for the Arabs in their war against Israel?
Ans. Faisal made every possible effort to get back the ARab territories and provided full
financial support to Arabs. He never recognized the state of Israel and did not establish
any kind of relation with it at any level. He was the one who introduce the Arabs as a
community.
Sentences
Composition
1. King Faisal
King Faisal had a royal background that’s why from the very beginning he was aware
from the art of governing. Due to his intelligence, he was made P.M. in early age. He was
a very sincere and true leader. He made the correct usage of all sources of income. He
used mineral oil as a weapon for Arab to fight with the European block. he was aware of
the aggressive plans of non-Muslims, that’s why he openly declared it to the Muslim
World. He also gave the solution by awaking the need of unity among the Muslims. he
was only leader who recognized the Arabs as a community in the World. Now, he is no
more but his efforts shall be remembered forever.
To create unity among Muslims and to unite them on one platform, was the main aim of
King Faisal. He realized that only solution to the problems which the Muslims world is
currently facing lies in the unity among the Muslims. He provoke the need of
brotherhood among the Muslims. He gave the idea and practically hold the Islamic
Summit conferences in which all the problems were discussed at Length. he always
supported the Muslims at their hard times which created an examplary effect on the
Muslims. The best best example is his continuous struggle against the Israeli occupation
of the Arab Territories. Infact, he chose the right path to save the Muslims from
devastation.
Idioms
Grammar
Nouns
1. Born – Birth
2. Educate – Education
3. Resign – Resignation
4. Move – Movement
5. Rule – Ruler
6. Govern – Government
7. Serve – Service
8. Visit – A Visit
9. Die – Death
10. Develop – Development
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CHAPTER – 7
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scottish poet. In this poem, he shows
both the sides of picture i.e. good and evil. He loved the children and understood them.
Central Idea
This poem tells that one decides upon on objectives suiting one’s natural aptitudes and
capacities, one should not waste time and should use all the energies in the effort to attain
it and not to be distracted by anything, however beautiful it may be.
Theme
We are not here to pay, to dream, to drill we have hard work to do and lots to lift. Shun
not the struggle, “Its God gift”.
Q.2 What pleasures does the railway journey give to the poet?
Ans. The railway journey gives an immeasurable pleasure to the post. Natural beauty
provides him an everlasting joy which includes the sights of meadows, daisies, mill,
river, hill plain etc. He is pleased because a thing of beauty is a joy forever.
Idioms
Dignity of Work
CHAPTER – 8
Q.3 What reason did Akhter give his under for being cross?
Ans. The reason for Akhtar’s anger was that he was forced to do the mean would. He
believed that by doing out cast his greatness is decreased and was feeling ashame on his
act.
Word Meanings
1. cross – angry
2. reason – cause
3. pleasant – friendly
4. surprised – astonished
5. favourite – specially liked
6. treat – behave towards somebody
7. noble – showing high character
8. feteree – went for an brought back
9. advanced – developed
Composition
Dignity of Work
Greatness of work or significance of work stand in the meanings of dignity of work .It
means that every kind of work is great. No matter how small or how trivial it is. By doing
work with our own hands, our greatness is not curtailed and we should, not feel shy or
disgrace in doing chores of daily life. Dignity of work is very importance because it
produces the spirit of doing hard work which enables us to face the hardship of life. It
creates modesty on our personality and helps in the modification of ourselves. It also
makes us ethical and social. So, we should realize that by doing work with our own hands
make us honourable and great.
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A Nation’s Strength
CHAPTER – 9
Central Idea
Reference
Raph Waldo Emerson is the writer of this beautiful poem. His philosophy is everlasting,
because it arose from a desire to make all things new, to seize life freshly.
Central Idea
The vigorous growth of any nation does not depend on wealth. But majority the result of
hard work, high moral character and virtues of great people. A nation’s strength is a fruit
of which labour is seed.
Theme
The heights by great men reached and kept were nor attained by sudden light, But they,
while their companions left, were toiling upward in the night. (Henry Longfellow)
“people do not lack strength they lack will.”
Character
Character means moral qualities which constitute personal or national individuality. A
nation’s strength rest upon the character of its people. Men of character achieve greatness
for their nation through sacrifices and hones deeds. They build their nation on foundation
of lasting virtue. So character is a parameter which can be used to measure the depth of a
man’s personality. “When wealth is lost, nothing is lost. When health is lost, something is
lost. When Character is lost, everything is lost.
Idioms
CHAPTER – 10
Q.6 Why did the wife of the farmer refuse to give the cow?
Ans. The wife of the farmer refused to give the cow because it was the only source of
butter and ghee for them. Moreover she also used to get milk from the animal.
Q.8 What did she say when she saw the tiger?
Ans. She said when she saw the tiger that she was really in need of a tiger because of its
delicious flesh. She further said that she was habitual of eating three tigers a day in order
to frighten the tiger.
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Q.9 What did the tiger do when the farmers wife said that she would eat a tiger?
Ans. Actually the tiger was coward at heart. That’s why when he listened the terrifying
dialogues from the farmer’s wife. He run away to save his dear life.
Sentences
1. Command: The major commanded his soldiers to attack the enemy’s fort.
2. Coward: To sing a song behind one’s back is a very coward act.
3. Deliver: Newspaper are the best media to deliver the messages of Government.
4. Tender: We should deal everyone in a tender and delicate manner.”
5. Trick: We should not play tricks with others.
Composition
Q.1 Why did the farmer offer the tiger his cow?
Ans. Firstly the tiger demanded the farmer’s bullocks in a dramatic style. The demand of
the tiger terrified the farmer. He thought that if he had no bullocks to plough the field,
there would be no wheat to make bread. He thought that if he gives his fat cow instead of
bullocks, this would be profitable for him. That’s why the farmer offered the tiger, his
cow.
Grammar
Direct: Tiger said to the farmer, “Good morning, farmed of God has commanded me to
eat your bullocks. Now obey God’s command and deliver them to me.”
Indirect: Tiger greeted the farmer that God had commanded him to eat farmer’s bullocks.
He ordered farmer to obey God’s command then and deliver them to him.
Direct: Farmer said to the tiger, “God has commanded me to plough the fields and i
Cannot do so without my bullocks. Perhaps, Sir, you have made a mistake.”
Indirect: Farmer told tiger that God had commanded him to plough the fields and he
would not do so without his bullocks. Might the tiger had made a mistake.
Direct: Tiger said, ” I know better what God wishes me to do so hurry up and hand over
the bullocks to me.”
Indirect: Tiger said that he knew better what God wished him to do; he ordered the
farmer to hurry up and handover the bullocks to me.
Direct: Farmer said to the Tiger, “Please, Sir, I’ve a fat cow at home. I’ll fetch it for you
in a few moments.”
Indirect: Farmer requested the tiger that he had a fat cow at home. He would fetch it fo
you in a few moments.
Direct: The tiger said, “All right, go and bring the cow but leave, the bullocks here. I
promise I’ll not hurt them.”
Indirect: The tiger commanded the farmer to go and bring the cow but leave the bullocks
there. He promised he would not hurt them.
Direct: The wife said to the farmer, “You are already home, I haven’t yet started my
household work.”
Indirect: The wife asked the farmer that he was already home and that she hadn’t yet
started her house hold work.
Direct: The farmer said to his wife, “Please, hurry up! Tell me what to do. The tiger is
waiting for the cow. If I am late, the tiger will eat up the bullocks.”
Indirect: The farmer begged his wife to hurry up and tell him what to do. The tiger was
waiting for the co. If he was late, the tiger would eat up the bullocks.
Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “Where shall and get the milk from? How shall I make
butter and ghee if you give away the cow?”
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Indirect: The farmer’s wife questioned where they would get the milk from. How she
would make butter and ghee if he gave away the cow.
Direct: The farmer said, “I know but bread is more important than butter. If I’ve no
bullocks to plough the field with, there’ll be no wheat to make bread.”
Indirect: The farmer said that he knew but bread was more important than butter. If he
had no bullocks to plough the field with there would be no wheat to make bread.
Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “No, I won’t let you take the cow.”
Indirect: The farmer’s wife refused she would not let him took the cow.
Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “Very well, I shall think of a way. Leave it to me. No go
back to the tiger and tell him that your wife is bringing the cow.”
Indirect: The farmer’s wife exclaimed that she would think of a way. Leave it to her. She
ordered the farmer to go back to the tiger and tell him that his wife was bringing the cow.
Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “How I would like to eat a live tiger! It’s flesh is so
tender and tasty. Yesterday, I ate three tigers, bones and all. I hope I shall find at least one
delicious little tiger today.”
Indirect: The farmer’s wife said that how she would like to eat a live tiger. It’s flesh was
so tender and tasty. The day before, she had eaten three tigers, bones and all. She hoped
she would find at least one delicious little tiger that day.
Direct: The jackal said to the tiger, “What is the matter, my lord? Where are you off to?”
Indirect: The jackal asked the tiger what was the matter. Where he was off to?
Direct: The tiger said to the jackal, “Run for your life. There’s a blood – thirsty
horseman, who goes about eating tigers.”
Indirect: The tiger said to the jackal to run for his life. There was a blood-thirsty
horseman, who went about eating tigers.
Direct: The jackal said to the tigers, “Oh that was only the farmer’s wife. She has played
a trick on you. Come with me, my lord, and I shall you her long hair.
Indirect: The jackal told the tiger that, she had been the farmers wife only. She had
played a trick on tiger. He said to the tiger to go with him, and he would show him her
long hair.
Direct: The tiger said to the jackal, “Are you sure it’s only a woman.”
Indirect: The tiger asked the jackal if he was sure it was only a woman.
Direct: The jackal said to the tiger, “Don’t you trust your old friend.”
Indirect: The jackal asked the tiger if he not trusted his old friend.
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Direct:The farmer’s wife said to the farmer, “Don’t you worry. I shall deal with them.”
Indirect:The farmer’s wife told the farmer not to worry. She would deal with them.
Direct: The farmer’s wife said to the jackal, ” Ah, thank you so much, dear Mr. Jackal,
for bringing me such a fine gift of a tiger. I was really looking for such a one. Have you
any more because I must eat three tigers a day.”
Indirect: The farmer’s wife thanked jackal for bringing her such a fine gift for a tiger.
She had been really looking for such a one. If he had any more because she must ate three
tigers a day.
2. Preposition
3. Plough – Tractor is better tool than bullocks to plough the fields. (N)
3. Ploughed – The farmer ploughed the field to earn his bread. (V)
5. Trick – The audience were very excited with the funny tricks of joker. (N)
5. Tricked – He tricked me by telling wrong exercise to me for the test. (V)
6. Surprise – There is a strange surprise for you in the store room. (N)
6. Surprised – Fahad was surprised with the slims. (V)
4. Synonyms
1. Bold – Brave
2. Firm – Strong
3. Delicious – Tasty
4. Despair – Hopelessness
5. Solute – Great
6. Eager – Desirous
7. Tender – Soft
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Beautiful Hands
CHAPTER – 11
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by an American poetess Ellen M.H.Gates. She wrote religious
songs. Collection of her poems were published in 1987 and 1910.
Central Idea
Mother’s hands are the symbol of Love. A mother is a pivot, around which the whole
family revolves. She relieves the tedium of life, sheds the divine light in the darkness,
alleviates distress, does her duties by her children makes them happy, healthy and
intelligent citizens of tomorrow. The progress of a nation depends upon the care and skill
with which mothers rear up their children.
Theme
The theme of this poem can be expressed in the words of Napoleon that:
“Give me good mothers, I’ll Give you good nation.”
or
“The hands that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.”
Q.1 What words or phrases tell us that they are not pretty in the physical sense?
Ans. The words “ages and wrinkled” tell us that the hands are not beautiful in their
physical appearance. It means that these hands are old and full of wrinkles. They are
neither fair not small but rough and big.
Q.2 Why does the poetess praise the hands in the second stanza?
Ans. The poetess praises the hands in the second stanza because these hands carelessly
worked hard inspite of exhaustion and utter fatigue in order to provide happiness of her
children. The poetess is showing repentance because when she was young, she could’ve
helped her mother in doing chars of daily life but she did not.
Q.3 In the third stanza, what does “These hands must folded be” mean?
Ans. The words, “These hands must folded be” mean that the death time of the poetess
mother was near to come. The poetess is showing her grief because soon her mother
would be under the layers of wild flowers in a folding manner.
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Idioms
A Village Fair
CHAPTER – 12
Q.8 What kinds of shops had been setup for the fair?
Ans. Mostly the temporary shops had been set up for the fair. All kinds of goods from
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handkerchiefs to framing tools were available in these shops. They were the special
faculty for this fair.
Q.9 What was the use of these shops for the villagers?
Ans. The temporary shops set up for the fair provided feasibility to both buyers and
seller. People from far off places easily bought essential commodities of life. Where as, it
was a good time for the sellers to avail business opportunity.
Q.10 What were the different entertainments in the fair for the children?
Ans. Thee were different entertainments for the children in the fair. These entertainments
include swings, the monkey man show and the show performed by the circus people.
Children enjoyed it a lot.
Sentences
1. Decorated – Our school was beautifully decorated on the occasion of Eid Milad-un-
Nabi.
2. Competition – A soldier was badly wounded during the shooting competition.
3. Performance – A Major was awarded medal because of his performance during the
war.
4. Temporary – Temporary arrangements have been made for the prevention of crimes.
5. Damaged – The car was badly damaged after a small accident.
Grammar
1. The drummer who could beat the longest work get a prize.
2. The two friends moved towards a crowd which had gathered in a big circle.
3. The food that we ate was delicious.
4. The man whom we saw climbing the pole had been walking on the tight rope.
5. The rider whose horse had won the race was very happy.
6. I went to the village where my cousin was living.
7. I visited him when the village fair was in full swing.
1. We do our homework.
Ans. We did our homework at night.
3. Degrees of Adjectives
4. Forms of Verbs
Composition
1. A Village Fair
Last month, we visited a village fair. The fair was representing the festive mood of the
rusic people. The village was specially decorated with colourful buntings and flags and
was crowded with a lrge number of people. Many temporary shops had been set up which
were the special faculty for the fair. These shops were providing feasibility for the
visitors as well as for the shopkeepers. There was a lot of entertainment for different age
groups especially children like swings, monkey man show, drum beating competition,
horse race etc. The circus people were also presenting their funny and amazing tricks to
fascinate people. Tent – pegging and the dog race were two very popular games of the
fair. In tent-pegging the training and skill to horse and the rider is examined skill of dogs
is examined through the dog race. We were very enchanted to see the beautiful sights of
the fair.
2. Tent-Pegging
Tent-pegging is one of the most popular and famous sport of Pakistan. It is an important
heritage of our culture. In this game wooden pegs are fixed in the ground. The riders have
to pull these pegs out of the ground with the help of their spear, as they ride by at a
gallop. Tent-pegging is a exhibit of skill in which the training invested on the horse and
the skill of trainee and the rider is tested. It is great game of joy in addition to practice
and skill.
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Shopping
CHAPTER – 14
Q.1 Why did mother ask Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping?
Ans. Mother asked Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping because their father was
not at home. He was on tour and in his absence the mother had to do shopping. Moreover,
they also have run out of groceries and provisions.
Q.10 How far is the market from the house of Najma and Ajmal?
Ans. The market was not so far from the house of Najma and Ajmal. It was about a
distance of one thousands metres.
Q.11 What did mother ask the children to do when they reached back home?
Ans. When they had reached back home, mother asked Ajmal to polish his own and
Najma’s shoes. She order ordered Najma to iron the clothes.
Q.13 Give the reason why polythene bags are not being used all over the world? or
What is / are the harmful effects of polythene bags?
Ans. Polythene bags are not being used all over the world because they are major source
of water pollution. They lock the severage pipes and when the drains are chocked, the
dirty water spills all over. There is no suitable way of disposing these bags.
Q.14 How can we call the mother a vigilant customer? or How did mother bargain for
the price at the butcher’s shop?
Ans. We can call the mother a vigilant customer because before buying anything she
seemed to be very conscious the price and quality of goods. At the butcher’s shop, she
firstly inquired about the price. When she knew the price, she insisted on charging less
rupees because the prices were exceeding the price list. The butcher started telling stories
but finally he agreed on the low rate which shows the vigilance of mother.
Sentences
Synonyms
1. Frightened – Afraid
2. Hail – Greet
3. Buy – Purchase
4. Carton – Box
5. Provisions – Supplies
6. Pointing – Hinting
7. Threaten – Warn
Opposites
1. Swim – Drown
2. Alive – Dead
3. Float – Sink
4. Front – Rear
5. Start – Stop
6. Boil – Freeze
7. Part – Whole
8. Buy – Sell
9. Agree – Differ
10. Reject – Accept
Grammar
4. Prepositions
2. The field was ploughed, the seed was sown and the crop was harvested by the farmer
himself.
Ans. The farmer himself ploughed the field, sowed the seed nd harvested the crop.
Composition
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You go shopping to buy a cloth for your School uniform Write a dialogue with the
shopkeeper.
Me: “Hello sir, may I have a cloth for the school uniform?”
Shopkeeper: “Sure, wait a second.”
Me: “Ok! But how can you say that the colour of trouser will not fade?”
Shopkeeper:It is my guarantee that the colour will not fade otherwise you can have your
money back.”
Me: “Ok, take these 180 rupees and pack the cloth.”
Shopkeeper: “No problem.”
Idioms
2. To same something for rainy day: To keep for some future security.
Example: He wanted all his savings and has save nothing for a rainy day.
Sentence: He lost all his money in gamble and didn’t save anything for a rainy day.
Speak Gently
CHAPTER – 13
Central Idea
Reference
The writer of this poem is anonymous. But the tone of the poetry represents the peome is
a part of Moorish poetry.
Central Idea
Speaking gently to everyone is a good trait in our character. By being gentle we are likely
to loose nothing and gain much in terms of friendship. Good will and even material
rewards. It places our character and personality in a very good light and creates an
everlasting impression in the minds of others.
Theme
“Kindness is more important than wisdom and recognition of it is the beginning of
wisdom.”
Summary
This Moorish poem is written by an anonymous poet. This poem emphasis upon speaking
gently.
By speaking gently we can attain the spiritual power of rule. Treating someone harshly is
a kind of moral sin which can devastate our good deeds.
Speak gently is the best way to train a child and win over his love and trust. If you don’t
adopt the mild attitude your teachings will not persist for a prolong period.
Our attitude should be soft to the aged and old people in order to create such an
atmosphere in which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.
Speak mildly does not cause and burden to you. These soft words create a forever
impression on the other’s hearts. The reward of adopting this habit is that in this mortal
world is the good deeds and the everlasting pleasure. It also brings reward in the eternal
life.
Q.2 What resemblance does he find between hearts and the deep well?
Ans. The poet finds resemblance between and deep well because like deep well we
cannot assume what is deeply within human heart. One thing is sure that the soft words
go deeply in the heart and we cannot assume these words out of the hearts.
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CHAPTER – 15
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by William Ross Wallace, (1819-1881). He was born in Dexington,
Kentucky. HiBs first poem appeared in 1837. He was lawyer by profession, but spent
more time on literature. He composed patriotic songs during the civil wr which became
popular. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.
Central Idea
The Central idea of this poem is that the first, noblest and most sacred mission of the
mother is to bring up children. Mothers are the real builders of our nation, in the sense
that the character of a children made or marred by the mother. It is said that:
“Educate women or mothers and the Nation will take charge of itself.”
Theme
A French idealogist Charles force said:
“One could judge the degree of civilization of a country by the social and political
possession of its mother.”
Summary
Q.3 Explain how the poet gives the credit for all great achievements of people to their
mothers?
Ans. The poet gives the credit for all great accomplishment of people to their mothers
because all the great personalities are prominent in the world due to the careful bringing
up to their mothers. It’s only the result of mother’s caring guidance and training that the
world is passing with the periods of humanstary and great successes.
Q.5 Why does the poet compare infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain?
Ans. The poet compares infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain because childhood
is just like a sophisticated and delicated fountain which can be led to any stage of life i.e.
good or bad. It is only a mother who can guide a very young soil to his destination
success it or failure.
Q.7 Why does the poet say that the prayers of mothers on earth mingles with that said
in heaven?
Ans. The poet says so because the prayers of a mothers are so sacred and holy that they
are accompanied by the holy prayers of angle. So that, these prayers are enforced and
strengthened. The words of mother keep a sanctimonious status to God, which cannot be
neglected because they are also strengthened by the worship of angles.
popular. He was a friend of Edgar Allen Roe whom he resembled both in temperament
and habits. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.
Q.9 How can the mother keep the young heart open and for what?
Ans. Mother has a very divine task to complete which starts right from the beginning of
the child’s life and continues till the end. She keeps the young heart open in such a way
that the child can understand and accept the divine commands of Allah.
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An African Village
CHAPTER – 16
Q.1 How many independent countries are there in Africa and where is Nigeria?
Ans. Africa is the second largest continent which consists of more than twenty five
independent countries. Nigeria is one of the largest countries of Africa. It is in West
Africa.
Q.2 What is the bush area made up of and where do most Nigeria farmers live?
Ans. The bush area is consisted of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of
thick bush and grass. Most of the Nigerian farmers live in the villages and farm
settlements in the bush area. They construct huts and live in those huts.
Q.5 Who tends the food crops and the cash crops?
Ans. Food crops are usually tended by the women. Whereas, the cash crops are tended by
men.
Q.6 What is made from cocoa beans and yield from palm trees?
Ans. From the fruit of cocoa tree, yield beans which are grounded into powder which
forms chocolate. From the palm trees, palm oil is yield. When the oil from the trees is
passed through the chemical processors, the palm oil is obtained in pure form.
Q.9 How is the life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer?
Ans. The life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer in many ways. Their
agricultural style is quite different from our’s. They are not in the favour of keeping
cattles because of the disease which unables them to use cattles in farming. Their daily
routine of life also differs from Pakistani farmer.
Q.10 Describe the changes that are coming or likely to come soon in the life of the
bush dwellers in Nigeria.
Ans. Many favourable changes are coming in the life of bush dwellers, which include the
availability of transport and communication, health and education, food and water etc.
Soon their life style will more develope because many more modern facilities are making
their way in these villages.
Sentences
Idioms
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Synonyms
1. Coartyard – Compound
2. Link – Join
3. Dense – Thick
4. Explore – Search
5. Introduce – Acquaint
6. Century – One Hundred
7. Majority – More than half
8. Cultivate – to grow
9. Facility – Convenience
Antonyms
1. Dense – Thin
2. Majority – Minority
3. Remote – Near
4. Major – Minor
5. Independent – Dependent
6. Interior – Exterior
7. Export – Import
Grammar
2. Prepositions
CHAPTER – 17
Central Idea
Reference
this poem is written by Eliza cook (1818-1889). Born in London, she was the youngest of
seven children. She was entirely self-educated and wrote verses from the age of fourteen.
Her first volume being published at seventeen. In 1849, she edited and published, “Eliza
Cooks Journal.” Her work is simple and highly moral. In this poem, she teaches the
reader what she always practiced in her own life to keep on trying and never to be
discouraged.
Theme
“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
or
“The world is his who her patients and industry.”
Central Idea
The central idea of this poem is that we should cultivate a strong will – power and a
hopeful attitude to life, be bold through thick and thin, counting no labour loss and our
heart within than. Almighty creator will surely help us if we adopt such a coarse. As it is
also said, “The world is his who has patience and industry.”
Summary
The poetess has expressed the true sense of life in this poem. Solution to the problems of
life and key to the success are being preached in this poem in a dramatic style.
This poem tells the story of the king Bruce of Scotland. Once he was defeated by the
English men. He took refuge in a cave. Due to his repeated failures, he was very grieve.
King Bruce mentally accepted his defeat from the English men.
One day, he was pondering at the point of his defeat, he watched a spider who was try8ng
to reach to her cobweb. Thread was the only pathway for the spider to reach her
destination. Spider started her voyage with great anxiety and force. But the spider come
down to the initial stage where it had started her journey. King Bruce was showing
issurity on the foolish attempts to reach the destination that spider will not try again.
However the spider succeeded in the 10th attempt to reach its cobweb. Afte the success to
spider the King Bruce sounded in a optimistic order. “All honour to those who tries
persistently.” King Bruce resoluted in heart to try once more in order to get the win over
on his enemies.” At last he succeeded.
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Q.1 What lesson did the King learn from the spider?
Ans. The persistent tries of spider gave a positive spin to the thoughts of King Bruce and
taught him that we are to be persistent and bold to achieve our aim of life. Continuous
struggle to the main aim always produces a favourable result. We should try hard without
caring for the resistance and circumstances of life.
Q.4 What is meant by poetess when she says that “a great deed”?
Ans. The poetess has used the words “a great hard” for the King Bruce. He had been
trying hard to protect his domain from the contaminated hands of enemy. As the
protection of country keeps a very high rank among the man’s priorities of life, that’s
why the poetess called it “a great deed”.
Q.5 What resemblance, does the poetess find between the King Bruce and the Spider?
Ans. The points of similarity between the King Bruce and the spider were that the aim
was quite far away from both of them. Both of them were having a very slightest hope to
achieve success i.e. the spider had a single thread to reach the cobweb and the King
Bruce also had a very tiny hope to win over his enemies.
Q.6 Why did the King Bruce or poetess call the spider “Brave”.
Ans. The poetess call the spider brave because it was very persistent and tried hard to
complete her task. Although she suffered several failures, but she did not show any
grieverence on the disportual of its fate. It went on making attempt and at last its
persistent tries put it into the cobweb.
Idioms
Inheritors
CHAPTER – 18
Q.1 What property did the two brothers inherit from their father and what was the
suggestions of Azam about the division of property?
Ans. After the death of their father, their father inherited a cow, a date-palm, tree and a
blanket equally. Azam, the elder brother suggested that the front part of cow, the upper
part of the date-palm tree and the blanket from sunset till morning would belong to him.
Where as Moazzam was alloted with the rear part of cow, the lower part of the tree and
the blanket for the day time.
Q.3 Who fed the cow and who got the milk? and why did Azam not give dates to
Moazzam?
Ans. According to the agreement between Azam and Moazzam, Moazzam was to feed
the cow as the front part belonged to him and Azam got the milk as the rear part was his.
Azam did not give the dates to Moazzam because the fruitful part of the tree belong to
Azam.
Q.4 How did Moazzam teach the lesson to his elder brother?
Ans. After advising by an old man, Moazzam wisely foiled Azam’s tricks. When Azam
was milking the cow he started hitting the cow’s head with a stick, when Azam was
picking dates from the tree he started cutting the tree with an axe and when Azam took up
blanket, he found it wet which was done by Moazzam. In this manner, Moazzam was
able to teach the lesson to his brother.
Q.9 What was the effect of the old man’s advice on Moazzam?
Ans. The oldman’s advice revealed the fact on Moazzam that he was being cheated by
the cleverness of his elder brother. The old man made him realized that Azam was taking
benefit of the inheritance. Being obedient, Azam accepted the advice of old man and
answered the cleverness of his brother with his wisdom.
Sentences
Grammar
1. Nouns in Sentence
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1. Die : Death
He has lost his balance of mind due to the death of his father.
2. Advise : Advice
We must obey our elder’s advice
3. Divide: Division
The plan for the division of sub-continent on 14th August 1947 was presented by Lord
Mountt Batten.
4. Suggest: Suggestion
He did not accept any suggestion about his matter and suffered a heavy loss.
5. Agree: Agreement
An agreement of undertaking was signed between Pakistan and America on the basis of
Kashmir.
6. Feed : Food
Proper food is not available in our remote villages .
2.Nouns
1. Clever – Cleverness
2. Greedy – Greedy
3. Generous – Generosity
4. Stupid – Stupidity
5. Innocent – Innocence
6. Simple – Simplicity
7. Young – Youth
3. Prepositions
Casabianca
CHAPTER – 19
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Felicia Dorethea Hemans (1973-1835). She was born at
Liverpool, but the family moved to Wales where she was brought up. She was quick in
mind and had a fine memory. As a poet, she has been compared to Long fellow. Like
Couper, she loved the pathetic, and there is great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in
her work. She also stressed moral values.
Theme
“A man of courage is full of faith.”
or
“Patriotism is a great virtue that makes people forgive their selfness.”
Central Idea
The central idea of this poem is the the noble characteristics like chivalirism, obedience
and morality demand the impossible, the obsolite and the death which itself transfigured
into eternal life. Deep-rooted faithfulness is majestic and unmatched which makes a man
rise above all personal affiliation.
Summary
Q.3 How has the Felicia Dorothea Hemans been compared to other poets?
Ans. Felicia Dorothea Hemans has been compared to Henry Long Fellow and Couper.
She had the same pathetic and there is a great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her
work like the other poets. She also stressed moral values.
Q.4 What does the poetess mean by saying that “Lone Post of Death”?
Ans. The poetess is describing the death scene of Casabianca through the phrase. It
means that when the fire was near to engulf him and his death time had arrived, than he
was all alone on the battleship. He had a desperation about his father, future i.e. about
winning over the battle.
Q.5 Why does the poetess call the Casabianca “A Gallant Child”?
Ans. The poetess calls the Casabianca “a gallant child” because he stood like a rock,
fairless of the fire, the enemy’s shelling and his despair in the moments of death and
danger. When his body blown into bites i.e. he was defeated by the death, but actually his
spirit was not overpowered and he remained as a brave and valiant soldier.
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CHAPTER – 20
Q.1 What is the Khyber Pass? How long it is ? Where do we go through the Pass?
Ans. Khyber Pass is one of the most famous pass which is a narrow mountain valley. It is
about fifty kilometres long. From Khyber Pass we can go to Afghanistan and on the other
side is the famous city of Peshawar.
Q.2 When did Aryans cross it and how many times did Mahmood Ghaznavi cross it and
why?
Ans. Aryans crossed nearly four thousand years ago the Khyber Pass to enter Pakistan.
Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi crossed the Khyber Pass seventimes. He crossed this passage
in order to invade the sub-continent.
Q.3 What is the economical importance of Khyber Pass? Or Why it had been a famous
trade in history?
Ans. The economical importance of Khyber Pass is that it is used a trading route between
the different regions. It is the most favourable and best connection of East Asian
countries with Central Asian countries for trading purposes. The important goods which
are transferred through this pass into different regions include mirrors, furs, skins and
fruits.
Q.4 What did the camel caravans carry? By what have the camels caravans been
replaced?
Ans. The camel caravans carried mirrors, furs, skins, fruits, spices, silk, carpet etc to
different parts of the region. The camels caravans have now been replaced by trains,
trucks and lorries which are the most advanced and fastest means of transportation.
Q.6 Why Landi Kotal is the famous place along the Pass?
Ans. Landi Kotal is the famous place along the Pass because it is the highest place about
thirty km away from Jamrod Check post along the pass. It is also a market place where
most of the people enjoy eating Tikkas and Chapli Kabab. Landi Kotal is a beautiful spot
from where the road goes down winding through beautiful scenery.
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Sentences
1. There are many who have traveled through some part of it.
2. Khyber Pass has been famous in history.
3. It has also been a famous trade route.
4. These brave tribes men fought the mighty British Empire.
5. They are the defenders of the North-Westen frontier of Pakistan.
6. They ate some Tikkas and Chapli Kabab.
7. The road goes down winding through beautiful scenery.
8. It has to run through many tunnels in the mountains.
9. They were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier.
Compound Words
1. Pakistan – Flag
2. Camel – Caravan
3. Class – Fellows
4. Check – Post
5. Railway – Line
6. Mule – Trains
Idioms
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4. You can see more the land when the tides goes out
Meaning: When the water receds more the sea-shore is visible.
Sentence: When I went to the sea-side the tide was not very high so I said to my friend
that you can see more the land when the tide goes out.
10. I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb explodes
Meaning: I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb goes off.
Sentence: When some guys fitted the bomb in a school, the principal of a school was
saying again and again that I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb goes off.
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CHAPTER - 21
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Thomas Moore (1779-1852) an Irish poet. He was born in Dublin
where he studied at the best school. He was admitted to Trinity College at the age of 15
years. He became an enthusiastic Irish Poet. In imitation of Lord Byron, who was his
friend, he wrote poem on an oriental theme called “Lalla Rookh”. His patriotic feelings is
well expressed in this poem.
Theme
“Patriotism is not a short out burst of emotions but the tranquil and steady dedication of
lifetime.”
or
“Only passions, great passions can elevate the soul into great things.”‘
Summary
The poem “The Minstrel Boy” has been written by a famous Irish poet Thomas Moore.
He has expressed his patriotic feelings in this poem.
The poem is in the praise of a minstrel boy. He was a great singer who used to sing songs
on the time of his harp in the peacetime. But when the wartime came on his country, he
joined the army of flight for his country. Actually he was continuing the legacy of his
fore fathers i.e. to fight for their country.
He fought bravely, with his sward and sacrificed his life for the protection of his
motherland. When he was near to death, he tore off all his belonging because he wanted
the enemy to realize that people like him would never allow him to touch their beloved
homeland.
In the end the poet has show his patriotic feelings in a convincing way. He says that the
enemy might defeat the minstrel boy physically but they could not conquer his spirits.
The minstrel boy’s harp was destroyed by the minstrel boy himself because it was meant
to sing in peace not in slavery. The extreme limit of patriotism is exhibited by their
action.
Byron, he wrote poem on an oriental theme called “Lalla Rookh”. He has expressed his
patriotic feelings in this poem.
Q.2 What does Thomas Moore mean when he says as “thought all the world betray
thee”?
Ans. Thomas Moore has tried to convey a message by these words to his nation that if
you’ve got three things, no matter the whole world turns against you, you are not to afraid
of it. Loyal and faithful companions, a beloved motherland and power to protect the
privilege.
Q.4 For whom the poet was the words warrior bard and proud soul?
Ans. Thomas Moore has paid a homage to the minstrel boy by alloting him the bites of
“warrior bard” and the “proud soul”. Thomas Moore has used these words to exhibit the
spirit of chamisism in the minstrel boy. He was a great and brave fighter and was proud
of fighting for his homeland.
How To Do Things
CHAPTER – 22
Q.3 What does the kit for mending the puncture contain?
Ans. The kit for mending the puncture is needed when the tyre last its lightness. The kit
contains a wrench, a pair of small scissors, a piece of an old cycle tube, sand paper, a
coloured pencil and the sticking solution.
Sentences
1. Honour: It is an honou for us that Shahid Afridi has broken the world record.
2. Serve: We should serve our country with heart and soul.
3. Frighten: My sister is frightened of going into dark.
4. Riding: Riding a bicycle is a great fun.
5. Puncture: Puncture can easily be mended if you have the puncture kit with you.
Idioms
1. Odds and ends: A collection of obhects not belonging to any group of order, left over
and discarded.
Example: That shop does not still anything in particular. It has only odds and ends.
Sentence: He claims that he is very fond of collecting precious stones, but his collection
contains only odds and ends.
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Grammar
1.Noun
1. Invite – Invitation
2. Busy – Business
3. Prepare – Preparation
4. Discuss – Discussion
5. Decorate – Decoration
6. Punish – Punishment
7. Collect – Collection
8. Sing – Song
9. Decide – Decision
2. Idiomatic Structures
1. To pour in: When I was passed in 9th class examination a number of phone calls of
congratulations poured in.
2. To pour out: In winter season when I am feelings too cold. I asked my mother to pour
out some hot tea for me.
3. To pour over: In the war, the nurse were pouring medicine over the wounded soldiers.
CHAPTER – 23
Idioms
Idiomatic Structures
1. Out of: Only two out of ten people are eduction in our country.
2. Instead of: Instead of writing him a letter you can telegram.
3. Inspite of: Inspite of three warnings, the thief continue his work, that’s why Policeman
arrested him.
4. Because of: Because of hardworking, I got 1st position in the class.
5. For the sake of: Captain Rashid Minhas died for the sake of country.
6. Every now and again: Few weeks ago strikes were being called every now and again.
7. All over again: Yesterday he lost his coy, so he rewrite his work all over again.
8. Time and again: He had been warned time and again to quit smoking by his parents.
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Making A Summary
CHAPTER – 24
Grammar
3. Indirect Speech
4. I am unwell”, he says
Indirect: He tells that he is unwell.
CHAPTER – 25
Summary
Reference
This poem is written by Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song writer. He was
born in Perth. His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in
1828 and began writing verses in both English and French in 1880. He returned to
London and worked for the “Morning Chronicle” till 1884 and then became editor of
“Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still live, Mackay wrote
books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.
Theme
“Hope Sustains the World.”
Summary
This poem is written by an Scottish poet Charles Mackay. This poem exhibits the strong
assurity of the poet, being optimistic and religious that there once will day when
everyone will enjoy the basic rights. The good time will prevail. The whole world
regardless of area. Destructive weapons which are used to prove the truth shall be
replaced by the good thoughts. The power of pen will exceed the power of sward i.e. the
power will be used in positive spin.
Everyone will be free to enjoy his basic rights. The people will be respected on the virtue
of their worth. There will be no extra support to walk over the ladder of life. Moral values
like merit, privileges will hold the ground in that time.
It would be such an ideal time that no body will praise the wars to protect the material
comb. The people will disgust the war because of unfairness and injustice.
In the end the poet has tied the hopes with humanity that by working together we can
revolutionize the whole world and can bring the ideal future closer.
Central Idea
The Central Idea of this poem is that an era is to come with there will be no war because
there will be a radical change in the outlook of people and nations. The poet Charles
Mackay is optimistic that in future nations will agree to code of national behaviour
humanity will emerge from the dark nights of wars and destructions and hail down of a
new better era of peace and prosperity.
Q.2 Do you agree with the poet that a good time is coming?
Ans. Yes, I agree with the poet that a good time is coming. He rightly said that if we
worked together, we can bring the ideal future closer in which truthfulness, peace, Justice
and merit will prevail all around the World. s poet tries to explain in his poem that even
the lightest deeds dome with sincerity will produce the result naturally.
CHAPTER – 26
Q.1 What sort of people are the Pathans and food of what kind do they like?
Ans. Pathans are enthusiastic warriors and extremities of weather and climate have made
them physically very strong. They are famous for their hospitality and men power is
taken as their pride in the community. Roast Mutton and spicy tongue are specially like
by them.
Q.2 How and why does a tribes man announce the birth of a son?
Ans. A tribes man fires with the rifle to make the birth of son known publicly. He does so
because the birth of son is regarded a blessing for them. Men power is taken as their pride
in the community.
Q.5 What is the result of extreme weather on the lives of Balochis? Why Balochies lead
simple nomadic life?
Ans. The extremities of weather unable the Balochis to lead their lives in just one place.
They move from place to place in order to escape from the calamities of season. Their
daily life is badly effected by weather.
Q.7 How old is the civilization of valley of Mehran and name the university existed that
time?
Ans. The Valley of Mehran is one of the ancient civilization of the world which had life
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in 2500 B.C. It’s ancient city Moen-jo-Daro’s ruins speak of the highly developed society
that existed there about 5000 years ago. The University of Taxila existed that time.
Q.10 How are the marriages arranged and wedding ceremonies performed among
Pathans?
Ans. The Pathans believe in arranged marriages which are done by their elders. Wedding
ceremonies are celebrated with great vehemence in which guests make rhythmical
movement to the beats of drum.
1. The birth of a son is therefore, regarded as a great blessing for the family.
2. The Pathans of the north are steady and warlike.
3. People from all over the country participate in the “URs” and sing devotional songs.
4. They will protect a visitor at the cost of their own lives.
5. The favourite food of the people is meat.
6. Roast mutton and Chapli Kababs are popular dishes.
7. Most festivals in Sindh, as in Punjab are of religious nature.
8. Sheep are bred in large herds on the green slopes of the northern regions.
9. The rock area is mostly barren.
10. The ancient city of Moen-jo-Daro dates back to 2500 BC.
Idioms
1. To see eye to eye with someone: To have the same opinion, or to agree with
Example: Management seldom see eye to eye with Labour.
Sentence: The opposition saw eye to eye when the Government is passing the bill against
8th amendment.
CHAPTER – 27
Central Idea
Though the poet for this poem is anonymous but it breathes out the moral that we should
produce in us a strong will power, self-confidence and positive attitude towards life.
Once we decides upon an objective and has the will to do something suiting our natural
aptitude and use our energies in attaining it, we can work wonders and will surely achieve
it.
Summary
This poem emphasizes upon the importance of good thoughts and will power. It is written
by an anonymous poet.
It is rightly said that man who thinks can win. Conversely, if your thinking is pasimistic
and less practical than it will give negative impression on your deeds. If you want to do
something but your thinking is negative, than you will left behind in the race of life.
Our way of actions, way of efficiency depends on the thinking. We always find this rule
every where. According to the poet the germs of a personality are the power to get rid of
any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence.
Life is a kind of war. You have to fight every time while you are living your life. A man
with strong will and good thoughts can win over this battle. Strengths of mind and
integrity of thoughts are keys of success.
“One can never achieve anything lasting in this world by being irresolute.”
Q.1 Express line 3 and 4 of the first stanza in your own sentences?
Ans. The poet has conveyed a very powerful message through these lines that if you have
good facilities to do something but if your thinking is negative, you will fail to do it. If
your thinking is pasimistic and less practical you will get the result in the same way.
Q.2 What according to the poet qualities needed by a person to get success in life?
Ans. The poet has given a good description of the gems of a perfect personality. Power to
overcome any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-
confidence are the basic pillars of success. By these qualities men can struggle with the
resistance of life.
Q.3 What are the results according to the poet brought by high thoughts?
Ans. The poet has explained the advantages of high thoughts in a very convincing way
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that widening of thoughts provides spiritual power to us. Strength of mind and integrity
of thoughts are the real rewards of high thoughts. If a person thinks high he can win over
the battle of life.
Q.4 What is the message of the poem “The Man who Wins”?
Ans. The poem “The Man Who Wins” discloses the secret of success in life by telling the
importance of good, thoughts and will power. Power to overcome any kind of complexes,
widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence are the gems of perfect
personality. By thinking high a man can winover the battle of life.
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Composition
There had been many unforgettable moments in my life. I would like to mention one of
these.
Once I was traveling from Karachi to Lahore by train. I was in first class, so there were
only few passengers, with me. At a particular station, they all got off. Now I was
completely alone in the compartment.
After sometime, a smart lady entered the compartment and sat next to me. She had a very
clever plan to rob me. She said to me that if I did not hand over all the money to her
which I had, she would complain to the railway police that I had robbed her. When I
heard this dreadful speech I was completely and absolutely pass puzzled. I hit a plan to
save myself from the wicked plan of that lady. I therefore pretended that I was a deaf and
a dumb fellow and requested to write in a piece of page what she wanted to say. She
gladly wrote her demand on the piece of paper and handed it to me. I change my seat and
took the piece of writing. The railway police come and asked as what the matter was. The
women as clever as she was burst into admits so she told that I had robber her of a
thousand rupees. At first he seemed to believe in her story, but when I gave the piece of
writing to the police, the women turned pale. She was caught red-handed and this way I
saved from her wicked plan.
When the Muslims of India demanded a separate homeland for themselves, many people
thought that the establishment of Pakistan was impossible. But Pakistan did come into
being. It has not only survived many difficulties but has also made great progress in every
field. Its survival and development have surprised all.
We would like to see Pakistan at its best in 21st century, in the past years we enabled and
demoralize.
Unfortunately, Pakistan has not been politically very stable. But there is no need for
despair. The people Pakistan agree on fundamental issues and priorities.
In the economic field, hopes must be brighter. In 1947, we were a poor agricultural
country growing a few crops. Very soon our country began to be industrialized. Its
dependence on agriculture would be lessened.
Pakistan has taken a very short period in becoming a semi-industrial country. This fact
gives us the hope that there would be even faster development in the coming years. We
have step in computer world and the other modern technology and expected that in 21st
century the computer will be the part of every department even the advancement is
expected because the new coming generation is comparatively more intelligent than
before. The modern schools and institutions are preparing the staff better than the before.
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The nature has many secrets buried in it. It is the science which has scratched the mask
from the face of nature. Science has always helped the man in every chamber of life. The
importance of science as a subject in school curriculum can be understood from the fact
that science acts as a pillar in the man’s knowledge and when the youths are provided
with this pillar from the very beginning, they are sure to be successful. Through this
subject students are able to know the process going on in nature. The understanding of
science gives the students the actual concept of phenomenon that is what is going on
behind a particular process. The students can make a great increment in their knowledge
by having a deep study on science, so that they are able to know the general activities.
Hence the science is a very useful guide which introduces the students with the
techniques of nature.
A Picnic
We were given a special holiday after our annual prize distribution. So me and my friends
made a programme and set out accordingly for the picnic at the beach in the morning. We
reached there at 9'O clock. We unpacked our things in a hut. My friends wanted to go for
boating so we hired a boat to carry us to the island of Manora. We decided to do fishing
so we all started with great hopes but only a small quantity of fish was caught. We
reached the island after enjoying ourselves on the sea. We cooked the fish and enjoyed a
grand lunch. In the evening we had tea and spent a good time till the sunset.
We waded in water. Waves after waves were coming and passing us finally splashing on
land. We also rode the horses and camels, it was very exciting.
The scene of the setting sun was really superb. As the sun sank we packed our things and
after few minutes were back with the memories of the whole day to cur heart’ desire.
Importance of Trees
Trees and plants are living things. They grow form seed and after a training maturity they
die. Trees are of significant importance for us. We cannot under estimate their value in
our surroundings. Trees adorn our surroundings. They produce oxygen without which we
cannot live. They are source of fruits and cereals for us. Trees provide us wood which we
use in building houses and furniture. Wood of trees is used as fuel. They play vital role in
changing climate of a region. Many useful medicines are prepared from herb and plants
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for removing our ailments. Trees are a bounty for us and we should grow them where
ever we can.
My Favourite Hobby
A hobby can be almost anything a person like to do in his spare time. Because the “Idle
Mind is Devil’s workshop” therefore those who have developed a hobby never need to
worry about what to do with their newly founded leisure hours.
Every person in the world has a hobby of his own. There are many kinds of hobbies such
as gardening, stamp collecting, hiking, coin collecting, photography, listening to music
and so forth. Girls to pursue some hobbies. Their hobbies differ from those of the boys.
Girls mostly like hobbies such as cooking, stitching dresses, painting and listening to
music.
Among all the hobbies mentioned above I like painting. It is a subtle hobby. Whenever I
get time I sit down with my paint box, canvas, brushes and paint beautiful landscape. My
hobby does not infringe on the rights of other people. It is not a noisy hobby like music. I
can also earn money by selling my paintings to lover of fine arts. My hobby fills my heart
with joy and colours and there it is my favourite hobby.
Sir Wilham Osler said:
“No man is really happy or safe without a hobby.”
Health is Wealth
No one can deny the fact that healthy man live happily. Money or wealth cannot give a
person all the happiness of life as health can. A person may have wealth, cars, servants at
his service and a big house to life in cannot enjoy all these blessings without a good
health. Where as a person with small income, with no servant for work and small house
to live in but a healthy body enjoy a fuller life in the world.
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For good health and for looking younger and living longer one must follow few good
principles of life. To remain healthy we should eat balance diet. Take little exercise
everyday. Let not worries crowd our mind and shake our nervous system. We should not
allow ill thoughts bring agony to our mind. We should live in clear and neat surrounding.
We must become early risers and never go to bed very late.
Good health is a precious thing and every step must be taken to guard it. Early to bed
early to rise makes all men healthy, wealthy and wise.
My Aim in Life
Every one has an aim in life but those who do not have are dull souls and they curse their
life for all time. In other words we can say a person without an aim in life is like a car
without a driver. People have different aims in life. Some aspire to become rich, some
like to become doctor, engineers, business men, executives in a big company, banker,
lawyer, musician, artist and so forth.
I desire to lead a life different from others. I don’t crave fro wealth not like to serve
people as doctor or like who say that they want to become a teacher and spread light and
knowledge.
My ambition in life may sound odd to you. I like to become a comedian. It is not an easy
task to become a comedian. Only one person out of million can become a good
comedian. People in our country belonging to different class and age live a very
depressed life. All have problems and they give me a gloomy look. I I can become a
comedian and make my people cheerful or bring some happy moments in their sad life. i
think I would have really rendered great service to my nation. After Lehri, we have two
such people like Moen Akhter and Omer Sharif in our country who made sad people’s
life cheerful. I always dream to become a great comedian and pray to God to help me
fulfill my goal in life.
A Street Accident
I read about road accidents in newspaper every day. They bring agony to our mind and
also to the relatives of victims, but till the day I had not seen an accident with my own
eyes. By God what a terrible sight it was!
It was in the short hour of one evening I was going along Burns Road to buy a pen for my
examination which was going to commence next week. At Denso Hall I was waiting for
the traffic to clear off so that I could safely cross the road. A bus was also running along
the road and it was trying to overtake a private car a head of it. All of a sudden driver lost
the control of steering and rammed against a horse carriage. The driver of the hackney
carriage fell down and the bus crushed him. The passengers in the hackney carriage
escaped death with some injuries. The horse was also badly wounded and it was looking
for his master. The injured were rushed immediately to a nearby hospital.
People gathered at the scene of accident. Some showing sympathy for the victim, some
abusing the bus driver and some advising others to be very careful while on a road.
I left the scene with a sorrowful heart for the driver of the carriage who unfortunately lost
his life in that accident.
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Students are the future hopes of any country. Much development and progress of the
country depends upon them. Students are the backbone of a nation.
There are many responsibilities of a good student. The major one is that he/she should
take keen interest in his/her studies. Moreover good student should also take part in
games as “All work and no paly make Jack a dull boy.” Besides this student should also
take part in the scout activities so as to help other fellow students.
A good student should also make effort to develop the sense of responsibility in other
fellow mates. He/She should also try to keep his/her locality clean.
A good student should be loyal and obedient to the teachers because “Obedience is the
key to the door of success.”
A good student must know the true meaning of trust, self esteem, obedience and
confidence. MOreover a good student should always keep away from the politics of big
power.
Computer is a modern and best invention in the world. As the time goes on computer
goes on developing. computer is used in industries, offices, schools and research work.
We can get all information through the Internet. Today computers are found every where.
Here are the few examples of areas in which computers are used. computer helps in
offices to store all kind of information and we take back information from its memory as
we require. Computer makes calculations of all sorts, prepare business letters and books.
Computer is used in billing departments. Airlines and Railways use computer
Technology in making tickets for the passenger, keeping and updating the departure and
arrival timings of planes and trains.
Computers are being used to conduct lessons for all subject, students are learning through
computers by reading as well as seeing diagrams on screen. Computer are helping the
doctors to detect disease and keep information about patient.
Everything has its advantages as well as disadvantages. The workers which works in
factories and industries are no more needed because of automatic processing and work in
these factories and industries thus creating deficiencies in job opportunities.
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Letters
Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear Uncle,
I received your telegram full of blessings and a parcel delivered to me by a postman
containing a beautiful Omega watch.
Your present reminds me of your deep affection that you have in your heart for me. I
liked the watch you has sent for me. I really needed a watch this time. How nice of you
that you have fulfilled my need. I shall consider it a precious thing like a diamond. It will
also make me punctual.
Uncle I missed you very much in the happy occasion of my birthday. I have taken many
photographs and will send some of the prints to you.
My letter is getting long. Allow me to close my letter here.
With regards an good wishes to you.
Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z
Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear friend,
I hope you will be fine and by the grace of Almighty God I am also in good health and
spirit.
I am accompanying my parents to some sight seeing places in Thatta, Hyderabad and
Khairpur. I need a good camera for taking photograph while on tour.
I know that you own a Maya Camera. So could you please lend me your camera for few
days.
I will take at most care of it while it will be in my custody and shall return you to its
original condition.
I hope you will not turn down my request when I will come in a day or two to collect it
from you.
With regards an good wishes to you.
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Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear Friend,
For a long time we did not correspond with each other. I hope you are in good health and
by the grace of Almighty God I am also hale and hearty here.
I am especially writing this letter to you for a particular purpose. My parents have
planned to visit some historical places in Sindh. In middle of this month. I am ware of the
fact that your school has closed down for summer vacations so how about visiting us in
Karachi and accompanying me with my parents on all excursion. We shall have a topping
time visiting places in Sindh and going out for shooting birds.
I hope you will like my suggestion and let me know of your programme by return of
mail.
Allow me to close my letter here with good wishes and good luck to you.
Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z
Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear Friend,
I heard that you have returned from States recently. How was your stay there. Your sister
wrote to me several letters and I promptly replied to her.
Any how let me come to the point of my letter. I am celebrating my fourteenth birthday
on 28th of December. I have invited almost all friend whom you know very well. The
venue of the party is my residence and time is 5 pm.
May I take this opportunity to informally invite you to attend my birthday party on date
and time mentioned as above.
We shall have a topping time and it will be a great pleasure for me to feel your presence
at the party.
I shall eagerly be looking forward to your attending my birthday party.
With good wishes and good luck to you.
Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z
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Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
Dear Friend,
Assalam-o-Alaikum,
Hope you are enjoying the best of health. I am also enjoining the life by the grace of
Almighty Allah.
Last week you dropped me a letter in which you’ve invited me to join you on a picnic
point. Truly I am very much in the favour of this invitation but due to an appointment
with my family physician I cannot give my time to you. I do believe that we will have a
joyous time but as my health is not so progressive that’s why I am not in a state to join
you on the picnic. Sorry for refusing and hurting your feelings.
I do hope that you will forgive me. Give my regards to your parents.
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My dear Nomee,
I am well here and hopping the same for you.
Last week you dropped me a letter in which you asked me about my hobby. My hobby is
making models of aircraft. Aero-modeling is an interesting hobby to me because when
you think over new techniques during modeling, your mind is pushed towards the
creative work and new ideas re developed. Aero-modeling can also be a paying hobby.
We can send some of our best models for competition and not only get prizes but also get
a good name.
I think this is enough. Now I will finish my letter. Give my regards to your parents.
To Your Father Asking for Money To Buy New Uniform and Books
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
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Karachi.
4th September, 1998
Dear Father,
Assalam-o-Alaikum,
Hope you will be fine. I am well too by the grace of Almighty Allah.
I’ve written this letter because I urgently need a sum of money. As you know that I’ve
passed my S.S.C part I Exams and now I am in class X. I shall have to may my admission
fees and also buy necessary books and uniform. I shall need about one thousand rupees. I
hope you will not mind sending me this amount of money.
I hope you are enjoying the best of health.
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
Dear Friend,
I am well here and hopping the same for you.
As you know that our vacations has started. I’ve written this letter to invite you to spend
your vacations with me in Karachi. It will be a great pleasure for me. We shall be visiting
different places in Karachi in which includes Clifton, Aladdin Park, Sindbad and many
other such places. I assure you that this will be an enjoyable experience for you.
I hope you will think over my request. Give my wishes to your parents.
To Your Father Asking Him To Send Some Money For Buying Books
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear Father,
Assalam-o-Alaikum,
Many thanks for your kind letter which I received sometimes back. I was very much
please to read it. My result was declared one week ago. You will be glad to know that I
have come out successful. I have stood third in my class. I am now in class IX in which
news books have been prescribed. These are very costly and I have to buy them all. As
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classes will start from the next month I would need some money immediately for the
purchase of books.
Kindly, therefore send Rs.1000/- by money order as soon as possible. So that I may buy
these articles with out delay.
All is Ok. Please convey my compliments to all the members of the family and love to
Mummy.
With best wishes.
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
My Dear Brother,
Assalam-o-Alaikum,
Hope you are in the midst of good health and everyone at home is hale an hearty. I was
pained to hear from your friend that you do not take part in games in your school. Oh!
dear brother do not forget that all work and no play makes you a dull boy. For achieving
good results in your studies you must also developed good body besides a brilliant mind.
Games will keep you fit and help you too in your studies. So please do take part in sports
arranged at your school.
I hope you will follow my good advice and act upon it.
Allow me to close my letter here with best wishes to you.
Your affectionately,
X-Y-Z
Examination Hall,
A-B-C Road,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998
The Editor,
X-Y-Z News,
Karachi.
Subject: Complaint for Load-Shedding
Venerable Sir,
Will you please oblige me by allowing some space for my letter in the columns of your
Daily —–.
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I live in one of the commercial area of F.B.Area. The most pressing problem which the
resident of my area are facing is load shedding. Electricity does not come seven hours in
a day. This whole locality is emersed in darkness soon after sunset. Students can’t read
and thieves take advantage from this situation.
Hoping for a positive anticipation by the concerned authorities in the crying need of my
area.
Your’s sincerely,
X-Y-Z,
Resident of F.B.Area.