Nobel Prize in 6 fields 4/20/2019 12:36:00 AM

Nobel Committees
There are five Nobel Committees, one for each Nobel Prize.

Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature: Four of

these committees (for prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or
medicine, and literature) are working bodies within their
prize awarding institutions, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
Karolinska Institutet, and the Swedish Academy.

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Peace: Alfred Nobel left no explanation as to why the prize for peace was
to be awarded by a Norwegian committee, while the other prizes were to
be handled by Swedish committees.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is composed of five members appointed

by the Storting (Norwegian Parliament). The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded
in Oslo, Norway, not in Stockholm, Sweden, where the Nobel Prizes in
Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and the
Economics Prize are awarded.

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Economics: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory

of Alfred Nobel, informally called the Nobel Prize in Economics, is
a prize awarded each year for outstanding contributions in the field of
economics. The prize was not one of the awards set out in the will of
Alfred Nobel.

The winners of the prize receive their diploma and gold medal from the
Swedish monarch at the same December 10 ceremony in Stockholm as
the Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine,
and literature. The amount of money awarded to the economics laureates
is also equal to that of the other prizes.
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THE NOBEL COMMITTEES

Nobel Prize Committee location Members

 Per Wästberg (Chairman)
FD, Writer
Anders Olsson
Swedish Professor, Writer
Literature Academy, Kristina Lugn
Stockholm, Sweden Writer
Horace Engdahl
Professor, Writer

Anna Wedell (Chair)

Physiology Karolinska Professor of Medical Genetics
or Medicine Institutet, Ole Kiehn
Solna, Sweden Professor in Neuroscience
Patrik Ernfors
Professor of Molecular Neurodevelopment
Christer Höög
Professor of Cell and Molecular Biology
Nils-Göran Larsson
Professor of Mitochondrial Genetics
Thomas Perlmann (Secretary)
Professor of Molecular Development Biology

Olga Botner (Chair)

Professor of Experimental Elementary Particle
Physics
David Haviland
Royal Swedish Professor of Nanostructure Physics
Physics Academy of Mats Larsson
Sciences, Professor of Molecular Physics
Stockholm, Thors Hans Hansson
Sweden Professor of Theoretical Physics
Anders Irbäck
Professor of Computational Biology and Biological
Physics Gunnar Ingelman (Secretary)
Professor of Subatomic Physics
 Claes Gustafsson (Chairman)
Professor of Medical Biochemistry
Sara Snogerup Linse
Royal Swedish Professor of Physical Chemistry
Chemistry Academy of Peter Brzezinski
Sciences, Professor of Biochemistry
Stockholm, Sweden Olof Ramström
Professor
Johan Åqvist
Professor of Theoretical Chemistry
Gunnar von Heijne (Secretary)
Professor of Theoretical Chemistry

Per Strömberg (Chairman)

Professor of Finance
Peter Fredriksson
Professor of Economics
John Hassler*
Professor of Economics
Magnus Johannesson*
Royal Swedish Professor of Economics
Academy of Per Krusell
Economics Sciences, Professor of Economics
Stockholm, Sweden Eva Mörk*
Professor of Economics
Holger Rootzén*
Professor of Mathematical Statistics
Thomas Sjöström
Professor of Economics
Jakob Svensson
Professor of Economics
Ingrid Werner*
Professor of Finance
Torsten Persson (Secretary)
Professor of Economics

NOTE:
The Committee members are elected for a period of three years from
among the members of the Academy. In assessing the qualifications of
the candidates, the Committee is assisted by specially appointed expert
advisers.

Berit Reiss-Andersen (Chair)

Lawyer
Henrik Syse (Vice Chair)
Professor, Senior Researcher at the International
Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
Anne Enger
Independent adviser, former County Governor
and member of Parliament/government
Peace Asle Toje
Thorbjørn Jagland
Secretary General Council of Europe
Olav Njølstad
Professor (Secretary)

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee

of five, appointed by the Storting (the Norwegian
parliament).

NOTE:
According to the rules laid down by the Storting, election to the
committee is for a six-year term, and members can be re-elected. The
committee’s composition reflects the relative strengths of the political
parties in the Storting. Although this is not a requirement, all committee
members have been Norwegian nationals.

WHO CAN NOMINATE CANDIDATES FOR THE NOBEL PRIZE:

Nomination to the Nobel Prize is by invitation only. The names of the
nominees and other information about the nominations cannot be
revealed until 50 years later.

Process of Nomination and Selection

The Nobel Committees send confidential forms to persons who are
competent and qualified to nominate.
Qualified Nominators
The right to submit proposals for the award of a Nobel Prize in Physics
shall, by statute, be enjoyed by:
Swedish and foreign members of the Royal Swedish Academy of
1. Sciences;
2. Members of the Nobel Committee for Physics;
3. Nobel Laureates in Physics;
Tenured professors in the Physical sciences at the universities and
institutes of technology of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and
4. Norway, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm;
Holders of corresponding chairs in at least six universities or university
colleges (normally, hundreds of universities) selected by the Academy
of Sciences with a view to ensuring the appropriate distribution over
5. the different countries and their seats of learning; and
Other scientists from whom the Academy may see fit to invite
6. proposals.
Decisions as to the selection of the scientific scholars referred to in
paragraphs 5 and 6 above shall be taken each year before the end of the
month of September.

Selection of Nobel Laureates

Each institution that houses a NOBEL committee is responsible for the
selection of the Nobel Laureates in that field. The Academy appoints a
working body, the Nobel Committee, which screens the nominations and
presents a proposal for final candidates. The committee consists
nominally of five voting members, but since many years, it also includes
voting adjunct members. The Committee’s proposal is discussed in a
larger body, (for example, by the Physics Class of the Academy for Prize
in Physics), who may suggest a modification or forward a different
proposal to the Academy. Finally, additional proposals may be raised at
the final Academy meeting. It is in principle possible to suggest that no
Prize be given the current year, but that is a seldom used choice.

NOBEL COMMITTEE SECRETARIAT

The Norwegian Nobel Institute was established 1 February, 1904, tasked
with supporting the Nobel Committee in its review of nominations and
candidates for the Nobel Peace Prize. According to § 12 of the Nobel
Foundation statutes, "each Nobel Institute shall be under the leadership
of the prize-awarding body that established it." The Director of the
Institute is the Nobel Committee's permanent secretary, and the Institute
can be regarded as the Committee's secretariat. The events in December
are all planned and coordinated through this office.
Physical location
The first few years the Institute rented offices in Victoria Terrasse in
downtown Oslo, but by May 1905 the move was made to the present
building in Henrik Ibsens gate 51. The award ceremony was moved there
the same year, having previously taken place in the Storting (Norwegian
Parliament). The building, originally constructed in 1867 as a private
residence, had by then undergone extensive renovation.
Internal and external functions
The Institute contains offices, a meeting room, the Grand Hall, a research
department, library and reading room. The Nobel Committee meets in a
special meeting room devoted exclusively to this purpose. The tradition
has gradually developed of using the Institute’s Grand Hall both for the
October announcement of the year's Peace Prize in October and for the
Laureate's press conference on 9 December, the day before the award
ceremony in Oslo City Hall.
Public activities
The Nobel Institute arranges meetings, lectures and seminars, as well as
so-called Nobel Symposia. The symposia are attended by specially invited
academic scholars, experts and decision-makers from many countries
who gather to discuss selected topics relating to peace and conflicts.
Nobel Peace Prize 4/20/2019 12:36:00 AM

A nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize may be submitted by any person
who meets the nomination criteria. A letter of invitation to submit is not
required. The names of the nominees and other information about the
nominations cannot be revealed until 50 years later.

Nominations for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize

There are 301 candidates for the Nobel Peace Prize for 2019 out of which
223 are individuals and 78 are organizations.
301 is the fourth highest number of candidates ever. The current record
of 376 candidates was reached in 2016.
Neither the names of nominators nor of nominees for the Nobel Peace
Prize may be divulged until 50 years have elapsed.

From the statutes of the Nobel Foundation:

Proposals received for the award of a prize, and investigations and
opinions concerning the award of a prize, may not be divulged. A prize-
awarding body may, however, after due consideration in each individual
case, permit access to material which formed the basis for the evaluation
and decision concerning a prize, for purposes of research in intellectual
history. Such permission may not, however, be granted until at least 50
years have elapsed after the date on which the decision in question was
made.

Process of nomination and selection

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is responsible for selecting the Nobel
Peace Prize Laureates. A nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize may be
submitted by any persons who are qualified to nominate.

Qualified nominators
(Revised September 2016)
1. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, a nomination is
considered valid if it is submitted by a person who falls within one of
the following categories:
2. Members of national assemblies and national governments (cabinet
members/ministers) of sovereign states as well as current heads of
states
3. Members of The International Court of Justice in The Hague and The
Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague
4. Members of l’Institut de Droit International
5. Members of the Executive Committee of the international board of the
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
6. University professors, professors emeriti and associate professors of
history, social sciences, law, philosophy, theology, and religion;
university rectors and university directors (or their equivalents);
directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes
7. Persons who have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
8. Members of the main board of directors or its equivalent of
organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
9. Current and former members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
(proposals by current members of the Committee to be submitted no
later than at the first meeting of the Committee after 1 February)
10. Former advisers to the Norwegian Nobel Committee
11. Unless otherwise stated the term members shall be understood as
current (sitting) members.

Candidacy criteria
The candidates eligible for the Nobel Peace Prize are those persons or
organizations nominated by qualified individuals, see above. A nomination
for yourself will not be taken into consideration.

Selection of Nobel Laureates

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is responsible for the selection of eligible
candidates and the choice of the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates. The
Committee is composed of five members appointed by the Storting
(Norwegian parliament). The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo,
Norway, not in Stockholm, Sweden, where the Nobel Prizes in Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and the Economics Prize are
awarded.

How are the Nobel Laureates selected?

The nomination process for Nobel Peace Prize Laureates.

Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel

Peace Prize Laureates.
September – The Norwegian Nobel Committee prepares to receive
nominations. These nominations will be submitted by members of national
assemblies, governments, and international courts of law; university
chancellors, professors of social science, history, philosophy, law and
theology; leaders of peace research institutes and institutes of foreign
affairs; previous Nobel Peace Prize Laureates; board members of
organizations that have received the Nobel Peace Prize; present and past
members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee; and former advisers of the
Norwegian Nobel Institute.
February – Deadline for submission. In order to be considered for the
award of the year, nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize shall be sent in
to the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo before the 1st day of February
the same year. Nominations postmarked and received after this date are
included in the following year’s discussions. In recent years, the
Committee has received close to 200 different nominations for different
nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. The number of nominating letters
is much higher, as many are for the same candidates.
February-March – Short list. The Committee assesses the candidates’
work and prepares a short list.
March-August – Adviser review.
October – Nobel Laureates are chosen. At the beginning of October, the
Nobel Committee chooses the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates through a
majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the
Nobel Peace Prize Laureates are then announced.
December – Nobel Laureates receive their prize. The Nobel Peace Prize
Award Ceremony takes place on 10 December in Oslo, Norway, where the
Nobel Laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Medal
and Diploma, and a document confirming the prize amount.
Are the nominations made public?
The statutes of the Nobel Foundation restrict disclosure of information
about the nominations, whether publicly or privately, for 50 years. The
restriction concerns the nominees and nominators, as well as
investigations and opinions related to the award of a prize.

Submission
Submission of nominations
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has launched an online nomination form
that you can use if you are a qualified nominator (see the list ‘Qualified
nominators’) above). The form can be obtained from the Norwegian Nobel
Committee website between September and February.
Deadline for nominations
Nomination deadline is 31 January at 12 midnight CET. Nominations
which do not meet the deadline are normally included in the following
year’s assessment. Members of the Nobel Committee are entitled to
submit their own nominations as late as at the first meeting of the
Committee after the expiry of the deadline.
Submission confirmation
A letter or e-mail confirming the receipt and validity of the submitted
nomination is normally sent out within a couple of months of the
submission deadline.

Selection process
1. At the first meeting of the Nobel Committee after the February 1
deadline for nominations, the Committee’s Permanent Secretary
presents the list of the year’s candidates. The Committee may on that
occasion add further names to the list, after which the nomination
process is closed, and discussion of the particular candidates begins. In
 the light of this first review, the Committee draws up the so-called
short list – i.e. the list of candidates selected for more thorough
consideration. The short list typically contains from twenty to thirty
candidates.

2. The candidates on the short list are then considered by the Nobel
Institute’s permanent advisers. In addition to the Institute’s Director
and Research Director, the body of advisers generally consists of a
small group of Norwegian university professors with broad expertise in
subject areas with a bearing on the Peace Prize. The advisers usually
have a couple of months in which to draw up their reports. Reports are
also occasionally requested from other Norwegian and foreign experts.

3. When the advisers’ reports have been presented, the Nobel Committee
embarks on a thorough-going discussion of the most likely candidates.
In the process, the need often arises to obtain additional information
and updates about candidates from additional experts, often foreign.
As a rule, the Committee reaches a decision only at its very last
meeting before the announcement of the Prize at the beginning of
October.

4. The Committee seeks to achieve unanimity in its selection of the Peace

Prize Laureate. On the rare occasions when this proves impossible, the
selection is decided by a simple majority vote.

50 year secrecy rule

The Committee does not itself announce the names of nominees, neither
to the media nor to the candidates themselves. In so far as certain names
crop up in the advance speculations as to who will be awarded any given
year’s Prize, this is either sheer guesswork or information put out by the
person or persons behind the nomination. Information in the Nobel
Committee’s nomination database is not made public until after fifty
years.
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