LTE Overview: Nigel Chan (陳銘邦) Head of Solution Engagement, Network System THM 10 June 2010

LTE Overview
Nigel Chan (陳銘邦)

Head of Solution Engagement, Network System THM
10 June 2010
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Contents
• LTE Market Overview

• LTE Standardisation and Architecture
• Radio Access Technology
• Core Network Technology
• LTE-Advance

Our market vision 2015 – the world connected
A major opportunity for everyone …
Applications predominantly Multitude of business
in the Internet models
5 billion people
connected
Internet as the
heartbeat of a
Broadband everywhere modern society

… but there are big challenges ahead of us
• Stagnating voice revenues

• Exploding mobile traffic
• Significant cost pressure
5 billion people
How to maintain
connected
profitable business?

Key challenges for mobile data
The challenge
The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges
• Best price, transparent flat rate • reduce cost per bit

• Full Internet • provide high data rate
• Click-bang responsiveness • provide low latency
Devices & applications drive Reduction of network cost is
traffic growth necessary to remain profitable
Revenues and Traffic
decoupled
Traffic
Traffic volume
Revenue
€/bit
Profitability
Voice dominated Data dominated
Time
Source: Light Reading (adapted)
LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience

… and a truly E2E LTE solution is needed
Market leading
Smooth Evolution
application platform
from GSM / WCDMA
Energy Efficient for rich
/ HSPA to LTE
Multi-Radio BTS value-added services
End-user
terminals
OSS system for
multi-technology
Proven managed management
services,
consulting, and Internet
implementation
support Subscription
management and
Proven charging systems
Flat network
interoperability with Mobile backhaul
leading terminal architecture
solution for LTE
providers experience for LTE

Market trends and operator success factors
Market Trend Operator opportunities/
• Higher data rates marketing challenges for success
accelerate NW evolution
data traffic
• HSPA and in future LTE
Growth
services serving premium
in
customers are source of
operator revenue growth
¨ How to cater for 100X
• Maintain optimum services traffic growth
for most demanding
customer segment and maintain
operator profitability ?
• Revenues and traffic are
Owner-
Cost of
becoming decoupled by
Total
ship
the introduction of flat-rates

• Automation of operational
processes for increased
efficiency and lower cost
GSM,EDGE,
• Operators have both GSM/EDGE
Technology
EDGE evolution
¨ How to ensure
evolution
and WCDMA/HSPA networks.

WCDMA, HSPA, Smoothest evolution path to LTE investment protection
HSPA evolution required. with an unbeatable
• Migration from CDMA to 3GPP network evolution ?
LTE
LTE technologies is accelerating
• Growing awareness of green

WiMAX
values in developed markets ¨ How to achieve the
values
greenest network?
Green
• Pressure from non-

governmental environmental
organizations e.g. WWF
2010 – LTE is becoming reality
59 LTE network operator

commitments in 28
countries
Up to 22 LTE networks
expected to be
commercially launched by
end 2010
(and 37 LTE networks in
service by end 2012)
380 million subscribers by

2015
Forecast for LTE lead markets
by Research and Markets

Market Situation: LTE Launches
Current Status on LTE launches:

– TeliaSonera LTE service launch in Stockholm and
Oslo on Dec. 14, 2009, as first network in the
world.
– TS launching pilots in Finland within 1Q/2010, &
Denmark shortly after (license in April 2010)
– Verizon Wireless released some details on LTE
plans: launch 25..30 markets in 2010; Double
within 15 months. Entire current 3G footprint to be
covered by LTE end-of-2013. coverage area of TeliaSonera launch
Downtown Stockholm area, launch on Dec.14, 2009
– NTT DoCoMo will launch Dec.2010 Initially 100 selected users, from Jan.14 – general access
(terminal delivery starts for ordinary people having been on
waiting list since launch )

Key architectural concept.
Flat and cost effective Mobile Network
Access Core Control

MGW MSC
GSM/EDGE/ 2G BTS BSC
UMTS/HSPA
RNC SGSN GGSN
W-CDMA BTS
MGW
LTE / SAE IMS HLR/HSS
LTE BTS (eNodeB) MME

SAE-GW
Improved flexible radio technology Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX

• New air I/F providing higher data throughputs • Simplified, flat network architecture based on IP
• LTE provides flexibility for spectrum re-farming reduces operators’ cost per bit significantly
and new spectrum • Interworking with legacy systems is an integral
• LTE can operate in a number of different part of service continuity
frequency bands • Re-use of existing equipment as much as
possible
Radio technology roadmap – converging to LTE
Cellular GSM/EDGE evolution

Networks WCDMA/HSPA evolution
LTE
CDMA
2007 2008 2009 2010 2020
LTE as global cellular mobile-broadband technology

Smooth interworking with existing cellular networks
assures service continuity
Answering the challenges
• Easy and efficient evolution? • Best re-use of existing sites?

• Offer new services when needed? • Easy and efficient site evolution?
Data Growth Investment protection

SW-based evolution to LTE One all purpose BTS
Superior throughput from LTE
Shortest time to revenue via smooth
upgrade path
Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE Solution
Cost awareness
10% higher staff-efficiency for network operation from NetAct and SON
25% less site visits for maintenance and upgrades
30-50% lower power consumption – with credibility
•How to increase operational efficiency?
•How to increase resource efficiency?

LTE Standardisation and Architecture

Requirements setup for LTE standardization
… and design choices by 3GPP
• Packet switched domain optimized
¾ Flat dual node architecture, Node B controlled RRM
• One way (radio) delay below 5 ms
¾ Fast scheduling in UL and DL supported (granularity 1 ms)
• Ensure good level of mobility and security
¾ Reusing and adapting principles from UMTS
• Improve terminal power efficiency
¾ SC-FDMA for UL, advanced DRX/DTX functions
• Frequency allocation flexibility
¾ 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz allocations specified
• Performance
– Peak rates uplink/downlink 50/100 Mbps
– Higher radio capacity: Depending on the case 3-4 times higher capacity
expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case

LTE standardization
• End of 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN long term evolution

• March 2005 Study item started
• December 2005 Multiple access selected
• March 2006 Functional split between radio and core agreed
• September 2006 Study item closed, work item agreed
• December 2007 1st version of radio specs approved
• March 2009 Backwards compatibility started (ASN.1 frozen)
Rel-9 Rel-10 LTE-A

started started

LTE TDD and FDD in one specification
With 2 frame structure options

3GPP R8 network architecture
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Radio Access Network HSS AAA PCRF Services in Packet
Other access networks Data Network
BSC IMS Operator services

SGSN
2G
SAE Gateway
RNC
SGSN
3G Internet
Serving PDN
LTE GW GW Company intranets
eNode-B MME Control plane

Non-3GPP User plane
ePDG
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access

Network evolution towards LTE flat architecture
Direct tunnel Internet HSPA

HSPA HSPA HSPA LTE R8
3GPP R6 3GPP R7 3GPP R7
GGSN GGSN GGSN GGSN

SAE GW
Direct Direct
SGSN SGSN tunnel SGSN tunnel SGSN/
MME
RNC RNC
Node-B Node-B Node-B

with RNC eNode-B
funct.
= control plane
= user plane

LTE/SAE Overview
Only one Network Element in Radio Mobility Concept with tight

and Core each Integration for 3GPP accesses
Focus is on enhancement of Packet Streamlined SAE Bearer Model with
Switched technology Network Centric QoS Handling
high data rates, low latency, packet On/Offline & Flow Based Charging
optimised flat IP system
Comprehensive Security
Access Core Switching & Transport Core Control

PCRF
MME
LTE BTS SAE-GW
(eNodeB) IMS
HSS/AAA
PCRF: Policy and Charging Control Function

3GPP Supported FDD Frequency Bands
Europe
Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz] Downlink [MHz] /Asia Japan Americas
1 2x60 1920-1980 2110-2170 UMTS core
2 2x60 1850-1910 1930-1990 US PCS
3 2x75 1710-1785 1805-1880 1800
4 2x45 1710-1755 2110-2155 US AWS
5 2x25 824-849 869-894 US 850
6 2x10 830-840 875-885 Japan 800
7 2x70 2500-2570 2620-2690 2600
8 2x35 880-915 925-960 900
9 2x35 1749.9-1784.9 1844.9-1879.9 Japan 1700
10 2x60 1710-1770 2110-2170 Extended AWS
11 2x20 1427.9-1447.9 1475.9-1495.9 Japan 1500
12 2x18 698-716 728-746 US700
13 2x10 777-787 746-756 US700
14 2x10 788-798 758-768 US700
17 2x12 704-716 734-746 US700
18 2x15 815-830 860-875 Japan new 800
19 2x15 830-845 875-890 Japan new 800
20 2x30 832-862 791-821 EU800
21 2x15 1447.9-1462.9 1495.9-1510.9 Japan 1500 ext
22 2x90 3410-3500 3510-3600 3500

3GPP Supported TDD Frequency Bands
Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz] China / Asia Europe Americas
33 20 1900-1920 UMTS band
34 15 2010-2025 UMTS band
35 60 1850-1910 USA
36 60 1930-1990 USA
37 20 1910-1930 USA
38 50 2570-2620 2600 mid
39 40 1880-1920 China
40 100 2300-2400 China/Asia

Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC
• eNode-B hosts the following functions:
– Radio Resource Management
– IP header compression and encryption
– Selection of an MME at UE attachment;
– Routing of User Plane data towards SAE Gateway;
– Scheduling and transmission of paging messages and broadcast information
– Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling
• MME hosts the following functions:

– Distribution of paging messages to the eNBs
– Idle state mobility control
– Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS
signalling
• SAE Gateway hosts the following functions:

– Termination of U-plane packets for paging reasons
– Switching of U-plane for support of UE mobility.

Radio Access overview

Multiple Access Methods
TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA
• Time Division • Frequency Division • Code Division • Frequency Division
• Orthogonal subcarriers
f f f f
e s
d
t t co t t
f f f f
User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..

Downlink - OFDM
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
e
tim
1 TTI
= 1ms
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

Uplink – Single Carrier FDMA
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
User 1 1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
User 2
User 3
User ..
e
tim
1 TTI
= 1ms
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
> better power efficiency at the terminal

The Beauties of LTE
TX RX
MIMO Advanced
Fast Link
Adaptation 64QAM
Modulation
Tx Channel Rx Scheduling
Time & Freq.
due to
channel
behaviour
scalable Short TTI = 1 ms

Transmission
time interval
ARQ
Automatic Repeat
Request
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers

LTE Radio principles
• Improved spectral efficiency

Downlink:
• Reduced interference
OFDMA
• Very well suited for MIMO
• Power efficient uplink increasing battery lifetime

Uplink:
• Improved cell edge performance by low peak to average ratio
SC-FDMA
• Reduced Terminal complexity
• Enabling peak cell data rates of 173 Mbps DL and 58 Mbps in UL *

• Scalable bandwidth: 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 /15 / 20 MHz also allows deployment
in lower frequency bands (rural coverage, refarming)
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms **
* At 20 MHz bandwidth, FDD, 2 Tx, 2 Rx, DL MIMO, PHY layer gross bit rate ** roundtrip ping delay (server near RAN)
Peak data rates will continue to grow…
3GPP Rel5 3GPP Rel6 3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel8
173 Mbps3
42 Mbps2
l i n k pe ak rate 28 Mbps1
D ow n 58 Mbps3
14 Mbps 11 Mbps
14 Mbps 11 Mbps
5.7 Mbps
0.4 Mbps 1With 2x2 MIMO and 16QAM
2With 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA
i nk pe a k rate
Upl and 64QAM
3 in 20 MHz spectrum allocation
• HSPA downlink data rate increases with 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA and 64QAM
up to 42 Mbps and uplink data rate with 16QAM up to 11 Mbps
• LTE supports data rates of 173 Mbps and 58 Mbps respectively (respective
coded rates: approx. 150 and 50 Mbps) for most demanding customer segment

Comparison of Throughput and Latency
Max. peak data rate** Average call throughput (macro cell, 20 MHz**
350 60
300 50
Downlink Downlink
250 Uplink Uplink
MHz/cell
40
Mbps
200
30
150
20
100
50 10
0 0
HSPA R6 HSPAevo (Rel. LTE 2x20 MHz LTE 2x20 HSPA R6, 4 HSPAevo Rel8, LTE (2x2 LTE 4x4 MIMO,
7/8, 2x2 MIMO) (2x2 MIMO MHz (4x4 carriers 4 carriers MIMO), 20 MHz 20 MHz carrier
MIMO (5MHz) (5MHz) carrier
Latency (Rountrip delay)* VoIP capacity

70
GSM/
EDGE 60 Downlink
Uplink
Calls/MHz/cell
50
HSPA
Rel6 40
HSPAevo 30
(Rel8)
20
LTE 10
min max
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 ms HSPA R6 LTE
DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator) ** LTE values acc. to 3GPP R1-072580 case 1
* Server near RAN (macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD)

Large step from GSM to UMTS device;
Smaller step from UMTS to LTE device
GSM Device UMTS Device LTE Device
200 kHz bandwidth High effort bandwidth Bandwidth & frequency
TDMA / FDMA 5MHz at frequencies up well known
GMSK modulation / FDD to 2.1GHz Modulation OFDM well
High effort modulation known, simpler Rx
Digital Processing
CDMA / Rake Receiver design (FFT)
Voice / SMS High effort protocols Reuse of protocols
RLC / RRM / MAC / IP (3GPP evolution),
High effort Digital display, power concepts
Processing Simplification of QoS
High effort display parameter set for Ue
development Ready for high data
High effort talk/standby rate applications
power consumption
Multimedia starts
From coverage to capacity

LTE UE support Peak data rates above 100 Mbps
• All categories support 20 MHz
• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
• 2x2 MIMO in other classes except Class 1
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Peak rate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps
RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
Modulation UL 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 64QAM
Rx diversity Yes1 Yes Yes Yes Yes
BTS tx diversity 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4

1Performance requirements are based on 2-rx, but 2-rx is not mandated directly
2No 64QAM
Upgrade Concepts 3G to LTE
• Focus on investment protection
• re-use of site installations
• Antenna, Feeder in spectrum re-farming scenarios
• Backhaul sharing between LTE and 2G/3G
• NSN installed base: adding LTE, reuse of 3G base station
with Flexi BS deployed: Rel2.1 System and RF Module are LTE ready
• In other cases: adding LTE Flexi BS in existing footprint
LTE
LTE 3G
Existing RNC Existing RNC
(for CS) (for CS)
LTE 3G/CDMA and Core CDMA and Core
add-on
BTS/NodeB Other BTSs

Migration Scenario: W-CDMA BTS Æ LTE
Antenna 2.1GHz or 2.1GHz or Antenna Antenna
Panel multiband multiband Panel Panel
1.7-2.7GHz 1.7-2.7GHz
antenna antenna Remote Radio
Tower Head or Tower
Mounted RF-module Mounted
Amplifier (feederless site) Amplifier
Feeder Feeder
Combining
Cable Cable
Flexi RF Module
Combining Flexi System Flexi System
BTS BTS BTS BTS
Flexi RF Module
Flexi System
Migration Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Core Technology overview

Core Technology Overview
Mobility Management Entity Access Gateway decomposition

• C-Plane Part of aGW
• Session & Mobility management
• Idle mode mobility management
• Paging
• AAA Proxy
Serving Gateway
• User plane anchor for mobility between the HLR/HSS
MME
2G/3G access system and the LTE access (AAA)
system.
• Lawful Interception
Packet Data Network Gateway SAE-GW
• Gateway towards Internet/Intranets PCEF
PCRF
• User plane anchor for mobility between 3GPP
and non-3GPP access systems (HA). PDN
• Charging Support Serving PDN
GW GW
• Policy and Charging Enforcement (PCEF) *)
• Packet Filtering IMS
SAE-GW: System Architecture Evolution Gateway
• Lawful Interception = S-GW+PDN-GW
*) PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function communicates with
PCEF: Policy and Charging Enforcement Function within PDN SAE GW

Mobility
Access Specific Local Mobility Access Independent Service Layer
UE 3GPP IP PoA Global Mobility
UE Identifier
Global IP Address
UE Global IP PoA
RNC/BSC SGSN*
BTS/NB MME HLR/HSS
PDN (AAA)
GW (HA)
GTP
GTP
DNS
GTP
eNode B
MIP
Serving
GW (FA)
IMS
Operator Servicesx
I-WLAN ePDG for I-WLAN
CDMA2000 PDSN for CDMA2000
WiMAX ASN-GW for WiMAX
Internet /
BS …… ……. Corporate Services
DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)

Quality of Service in LTE
• Substantially optimized bearer handling compared to 3G networks

• Reduced QoS parameter set for reduced implementation complexity compared to 3G
• Network centric QoS scheme reduces the complexity of terminal implementations
3G QoS relies on QoS aware LTE applies Network Centric QoS with a
terminals - terminal requests reduced set of parameters:
QoS level that is appropriate • Label
for the application: • Bearer type (Guaranteed or non-
• Residual BER guaranteed Bit Rate)
• SDU error ratio
• Packet Delay
• Delivery of erroneous SDUs
• Maximum SDU size • Packet Loss
• Delivery order • Guaranteed Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)
• Transfer delay
• Maximum Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)
• ARP
• Traffic class • Allocation/Retention Priority (connection
• THP setup priority among subscribers when
• Maximum bitrate UL/DL the network is congested)
• GBR (EL/DL)

Potential voice evolution steps in LTE
1. LTE used for high speed packet data access only

– Operator voice service provided over CS network
2. Fallback to CS voice
– LTE network is used for data only
– Terminal is simultaneously registered to both LTE and 2G/3G CS network
– Voice calls are initiated and received over CS network
3. Single radio Voice Call Continuity (VCC)
– Operator provides VoIP over LTE
– IMS acts as control machinery
– Voice calls can be handed over to CS network
4. All-IP network
– Operator provides VoIP over LTE
– IMS acts as control machinery
– Voice calls can be handed over to other packet switched networks

LTE voice evolution
LTE used for high speed packet data access only Fallback to CS when voice needed
Voice service provided over CS network
Laptop with MME LTE ps with MME

Data Internet Data Internet
LTE data card capable
SAE GW SAE GW
LTE radio LTE radio
network Operator network Operator
IP network IP network
CS voice SGs
2G/3G CS voice
terminal
2G/3G radio 2G/3G CS
network network
MSC Server System MSC Server System
All-IP network Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)

LTE primary VoIP service provided via IMS/NVS
O perator
LTE PS/VoIP V oIP control IMS
VoIP machinery Internet LTE PS/VoIP VoIP Internet
capable MME capable MME SAE GW
LTE radio LTE radio

network
network Operator
IP network
SAE GW SV
Operator
VoIP IP network CS voice IMS/ IMS centralized
2G/3G CS NVS control of VoIP and
CS voice services
network
3G HSPA
MSC Server System
network
SGSN/GGSN

LTE- Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10)

LTE for IMT-Advanced
Bandwidth Extension
100 MHz
Backward
MIMO
8x 4x compatible
to LTE
Smooth
migration from
LTE to LTE-A Cooperative Systems
Relaying
Mobility

LTE-Advanced - (3GPP Rel. 10)
A technology candidate for IMT-advanced
LTE introduction Upcoming key technologies IMT-A
Bandwidth
Extension
Global platform
8x
for the next
4x MIMO generations
of mobile services
Smooth evolution IMT-A / LTE-A
LTE Backwards compatibility
Cooperative
Systems
1st worldwide trials

Berlin, Nov. 2007
Relaying

Bandwidth Extension
Bandwidth
Extension
Global platform
8x
for the next
4x MIMO generations
of mobile services
Smooth evolution IMT-A
Â up to 100 MHz / LTE-A
LTE Backwards compatibility Â Flexible component carrier aggregation

Â different frequency bands
Cooperative Â asymmetric in UL/DL
Systems
Component Carrier
(LTE rel. 8 Carrier)
20 MHz 10 MHz
Aggregated BW: 30MHz

Berlin, Nov. 2007
Relaying 20 MHz 20 MHz
20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz

MIMO Extension
Bandwidth
Extension
8x Global platform
for the next
4x MIMO generations
of mobile services
Smooth evolution IMT-A / LTE-A
Cooperative
Systems

Berlin, Nov. 2007
Relaying

Cooperative Systems
Bandwidth
Extension
Global platform
8x
for the next
4x MIMO generations
of mobile services
Smooth evolution IMT-A
Â Cooperation of /antennas
LTE-A of multiple
sectors / sites
Â Interference free
by coordinated
Cooperative transmission /
Systems reception
Â Highest
performance
potential
Berlin, Nov. 2007
Relaying Service Area

International Mobile Telecommunications –
Advanced
Bandwidth
Extension
Global platform
8x
for the next
4x MIMO generations
of mobile services
Smooth evolution Â FastIMT-A
deployment
/ LTE-A
IMT-A / LTE-A
Â Coverage with low
LTE Backwards compatibility infrastructure costs
Cooperative
Systems
TR
36.913

Berlin, Nov. 2007
Relaying

Thank You

LTE Overview: Nigel Chan (陳銘邦) Head of Solution Engagement, Network System THM 10 June 2010

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LTE Overview

Nigel Chan (陳銘邦)

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

• LTE Market Overview

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks

• Stagnating voice revenues

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks

The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges

• Best price, transparent flat rate • reduce cost per bit

Voice dominated Data dominated

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks

the introduction of flat-rates

and WCDMA/HSPA networks.

• Growing awareness of green

• Pressure from non-

59 LTE network operator

380 million subscribers by

8 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Current Status on LTE launches:

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Access Core Control

LTE BTS (eNodeB) MME

Improved flexible radio technology Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX

Cellular GSM/EDGE evolution

2007 2008 2009 2010 2020

LTE as global cellular mobile-broadband technology

• Easy and efficient evolution? • Best re-use of existing sites?

Data Growth Investment protection

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks

• End of 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN long term evolution

Rel-9 Rel-10 LTE-A

15 © Nokia Siemens Networks

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks

BSC IMS Operator services

eNode-B MME Control plane

Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Direct tunnel Internet HSPA

GGSN GGSN GGSN GGSN

Node-B Node-B Node-B

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Only one Network Element in Radio Mobility Concept with tight

Access Core Switching & Transport Core Control

PCRF: Policy and Charging Control Function

19 © Nokia Siemens Networks

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks

• MME hosts the following functions:

• SAE Gateway hosts the following functions:

22 © Nokia Siemens Networks

23 © Nokia Siemens Networks

User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

25 © Nokia Siemens Networks

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

26 © Nokia Siemens Networks

scalable Short TTI = 1 ms