IS 2707 : 1996

Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL CASTINGS FOR
SURFACE HARDENING - SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )

ICS 11.140.10:77.140.80

0 BIS 1996

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1996 Price Group 2
Steel Castings Sectional Committee, MTD 17

FOREWORD

This Indian Smndnrd (Fourth Revision) was adopkd by the Bureau of Indian Standards. after the draft
finalized by the Steel Castings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering
Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1964 and was revised in 1973, 1982 and 1989. While reviewing ihe
standard in the light of the experiencegained during these years the committee has decided that the standard
may bc further revised. In this revision various clauses have been aligned with the recent standards on steel
castings. The following are the main modifications:

a) Requirements of heat treatment have been modified,

b) Requirements of non-destructive test have been modified, and
c) Requirements of residual elements have been specified.

Carbon steel casrings are surface hardened for special service conditions where B rough core with a hard
surface for better wear resistance is necessary. for example, for heavy gears and anvils.

In Ihc preparation of this standard. assistance has been derived from BS 3100 : 1991 ‘Skel caslings for
general engineering purposes’, issued by [he British Standards Institution.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requiremem of this standard is complied with, the final
VAX, observed or calculared, expressing the result of a test or analysis. shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places
retained in the rounded off value should he the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 2107 : 19%

Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL CASTINGS FOR
SURFACE HARDENING - SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )
1 SCOPE 5 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL

This standard covers the requirements for carbon steel General requirements relating to supply of steel
castings for surface hardening. castings shall he as laid down in IS 8800:3986.

2 REFERENCES 6 MANUFACTURE

The Indian Standards listed in Annex A xc necessary The steel for the castings shall be made by electric
adjuncts to this standard. arc or electric induction or such other processes as
may be agreed to between the purchaser and the
3 TERMINOLOGY ma”“fact”rer.

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following 7 PARTICULARS .TO BE SPECIFIED WHILE
definitions shall apply. ORDERING

For the benefit of the purchaser, particulars to be

specified while ordering for steel castings to this
The product of any of the following: specification arc given in Annex B.
a) One furnace heat.
8 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
b) One crucible heat, or
8.1 The ladle analysis of steel when carried out either
c) A number of furnace or crucible heats of by the method specified in IS 228 and its relevant
similar composition mixed in a ladle or tapped parts or any other established instrumental/chemical
in separate ladles and poured simultaneously methods shall be as given in Table I. In case of
for making a casting. dispute the procedure given in IS 228 shall be
the reference method. However. where the method
3.1.2 Batch is not given in IS 228, the referee method shall be
A group of castings of one grade of material, cast as agreed to between the purchaser and the
from the same melt and heat-treated under identical manufacturer.
conditions.
8.2 The manufacturer shall carry out analysis from
4 GRADES a sample of each melt of steel and, if so specified
by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order,
This standard covers a total of three grades of carbon shall supply a test certificate of chemical analysis
steel castings for surface hardening. of the sample of steel for each melt.

Table 1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Castings for Surface Hardening

( Clause 8.1 )

St Grade ConstiluenL~.Percent
No. DCSiE”NiO” A
/-- 7
C si M” s P
Mur Mu
(I) (2) (3) (4) 0) (6) (7)

i) Gmk I 0.42.0.48 (IN, Mm 1.0 Mu 0.04” “.M”

ii, Cmde 2 0.39-0.45 O.RO.0.8” I .a- t .4” 0.040 0.04tJ

iii) Grndt s 0.52.0.158 0.60 rwa 1.0 M”X 0.040 0.040

I
IS 2707 : 1996
8.3 Product Analysis 10 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS
10.1 All castings shall be free from dcfccu dut will
If specified at the time of enquiry and order, the
adversely affect machining or utility of castings.
product analysis may be carried out from a broken
test piece or from n casting representing each melt. 10.2 When necessary to remove risers or gates by
Drillings for analysis shall be taken from not less flame or arc or B combination thereof, or by any other
than 6 mm beneath the cast surface, and in such a process involving intense heat, care shall be taken
manner as not to impair the usefulness of any casting to make the cut 81 a sufficient distance from the body
selected. The permissible variation in product analysis of the casting so as to prevent any defect being
from the limits specified in Table I shall be as given introduced into the casting due to local heating. Any
in IS 6601:1987. such operation is to be done before final heat treatment.
8.4 Residual Elements 10.3 In the event of any casting proving defective
from foundry causes in the course of preparation,
8.4.1 Elements not specified in Table I shall not machining or erection, such casting may be rejected
ordinarily be added to the steel and all reasonable notwithstanding any previous certification of
precaurions shall be taken to prevent contamination satisfactory testing and/or inspection.
from scrap, etc. to keep them as low as practicable.
11 FETTLING AND DRESSING
8.4.2 The following limits shall apply for the
elements not specified in Table I: All castings shall be properly fettled and dressed, and
all surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned.
Corzstituenls Percent, Max

Chromium 0.20 12 HEAT TREATMENT

Nickel 0.30 12.1 The castings shall be heat-treated in a properly
Molybdenum 0.15 constructed furnace, having adequate means of
Copper 0.25 temperature control, which shall permit the whole
Total content of the 0.70 of the castings being uniformly heated to the necessary
unspecified elements temperature. All castings shall be suitably heat treated
so as to attain the specified mechanical properties.
8.4.3 Analysis and reporting of the analysis in the
12.2 The test pieces shall be heat treated along with
test certificate for the residual elements shall be done the castings they represent.
only when so specified by the purchaser in the enquiry
and order. However, the manufacturer shall ensure 13 MECHANICAL TESTS
rhal the residual elements are within the limits
specified. 13.1 The mechanical properties specified are those
which are to be obtained from test bars cast either
9 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH separately from or attached to the castings to which
they refer and heat treated as given in 12. The test
9.1 The castings shall be accurately moulded in values so exhibited, therefore. represent the quality
accordance with the pattern or the working drawings of steel from which the castings have been poured;
supplied by the purchaser with the addition of such they do not necessarily represent the properties of
letters. figures and marks as may be specified. the castings themselves.

9.2 The purchaser shall specify the tolerances on all 13.2 The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance
important dimensions. On other dimensions, lolerances with IS 1608: 1995. The relevant mechanical properties
specified in IS 4897:1994 shall apply. shall be as given in Table 2.

Table 2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Castings for Surface Hardening

( Clause 13.2 )

SI Grade lhsite Yield Elongation

N”. Designation Strfngth strcs Percent. Mir,
Mb, Mh Mh, &fin

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

i) Gndc I 620 320 I2

ii) Gmdc 2 690 490 12

iii) Grade 3 700 370 8

2
 IS 2701 : 1996
13.3 Hardening Test 15 REPAIR OF CASTINGS
If so specified in enquiry and order. a test piece 15.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser in
13 ~nm in diame1er and 80 mm long shall be machined the enquiry and order, castings may be rec1ificd by
from a test sample representing each cas1. The tes1 welding. All repairs by welding shall be carried out
piece shall bc heated IO a temperature between 8OiPC in accordance with 1he procedure laid down in
and 84OoC and quenched in water. The test piece IS 5530: 1987. If castings have been subjected 10 non-.
shall then be submitted 10 a hardness lest in accordance destructive testing by agreement between 1hc purchaser
with IS ISOO:I983 and shall show a Brinell Hardness and 1he manufacturer, the castings shall be re-
Number not less than 460 for Grade I and no, less examined in the area of repair following any rectifying
than 535 for Grade 2 and Grade 3. If the foregoing operation performed on the ca<tings.
tes1ing is not 10 be done a1 the manufacturer end.
the manufac1urer shall nevertheless be responsible 10 15.2 To form the basis of an agreement between the
guarantee n~tainmenl of the hardness specified. purchaser and the supplier in this respect where
relevant. 1he following classification shall apply
14 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS concerning 1he extent of repair:

14.1 Non-dcstruclive testing shall be applied if a) Weld repair involving a depth no1 exceeding
specified in 1he enquiry and the order. Under this 20 percent of wall thickness or 25 mm,
heading are grouped the tests. which aim at revealing whichever is lower, shall be termed as a minor
defects which cam01 be revealed by a simple visual repair.
examination, such as penetrant, magnetic praclicle.
ultrasonic, X-radiographic. or gamma-radiographic b) Any weld repair exceeding the above shall
inspection: also included under this heading are tests be termed as a major repair. Further any single
on the surface condition by visual or visual-lactilc repair having an area exceeding 250 mm
examination. Thepurchasershall specify in 1he enquiry square for every millime1re of wall thickness
and order: shall also be deemed to be a major repair
regardless of the considerations mentioned in
a) The 1ype of non-destructive testing which he
intends 10 carry out or 10 have carried ou1; (a) above.

b) The auca or areas of 1he casting 10 which 15.3 Carbon Equivalent

these tcsls apply, and 1hc types of
discontinui1y. where relixant; Unless otherwise specified in rhe enquiry and order,
c) Whether all, or what proporation. of 1hc or 01herwise agreed to, the Carbon Equivalent (CE)
castings are 10 be tested; for the purpose of guidance in derennination of 1hc
pre- and post-weld treatment applicable to carbon
d) The severity levels defining the acceptebility
and low alloy steels shall be computed as follows:
or non-accep1abilily of defec1s which may be
rwxled; and Cr + MO + V Ni + Cu
e) Whether the manufacturer is or is not C.E. = C + $ +
5 +15
contracwally responsible for carrying au1 the
1es1s. 15.4 The welding procedure to be followed for any
welding that may be required on the surface hardened
14.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, when non- area shall be as agreed 10 mutually.
destructive testing is to be done, 1he castings shall
be examined as follows:
16 METHOD OF SAMPLING
a) Ultrasonic examination as per IS 7666:1988,
b) Magnetic particle examination as per IS 3703: The method of sampling the sleet castings for the
1980, purpose of chemical analysis and mechanical tests
including re-test shall be in accordance wi1h
C) Liquid pene1ran1 examination as per IS 3658:
1981. and IS 6907: 1992.

d) Radiographic examination as per IS 2595:

1978. 17 MARKING
,
14.3 Unlczs otherwise agreed upon the following shall 17.1 Each casting shall be legibly marked with the
following as may be relevant. However, where linkage
be rhc acceptance s1andards:
and traceabiliry are required. the relevan1 marking
a) IS 9565:1995 for ultrasonic inspecrion. shall be indelible:
h) IS 10724:1990 for magnetic particle
inspection. a) The number or identification mark by which
it is possible 10 trace 1hc nwlt and the heat-
c) IS I 1732: lY95 for liquid penctrant inspec1ion. ueatmenl batch from which it was made;
and
d) IS 12Y38: 1990 for radiographic inspection. b) The manufacturer’s initials or trade-mark: and

3
IS 2707 : 1996
c) Other idenrification marks in accordance with 17.3 BIS Certification Marking
any agreement between the purchaser and the
The castings may also be marked with the Standard
manufacturer.
Mark.
17.3.1 The use of Standard Mark is governed by the
provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act. 1986
17.2 By agreement between the purchaser and the and the Rules and Regulations made’thereunder. The
Imanufacturer. castings complying with the details of conditions under which the licence for the
wquircments of this standard may, after inspection, use ofstandard Mark may be granted to manufacturers
be legibly and indelibly marked with an acceptance or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of
Inark. Indian Standards.

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

228 : Methods for chemical analysis of 6601 : 1987 Permissible deviations in chemical
(in parts) steels ( second revision ) comwxition for product analvsis
of sieel castihgs .
1500 : 1983 Methods for Brine11 Hardness test
for metallic materials (second 6907 : 1992 Methods of sampling steel castings
revision ) ( second revision )
I608 : 1995 Mechanical testing of metals - 7666 : 1988 Recommended procedure for
Tensile testing ( second revision ) ultrasonic examination of ferritic
castings of carbon and low alloy
2595 : 1978 Code of practice for radiographic steel (first revision )
testing (first revision ) 8800 : 1986 Technical delivery conditions for
3658 : 1981 Code of practice for liquid steel castings (second revision )
pen&ant flaw detection (firsf 9565 : 1995 Acceptance standards for ultrasonic
revision ) inspection of steel castings (firsf
3703 : 1980 Code of practice for magnetic revision )
particle flaw detection (second IO724 1990 Acceptance standards for magnetic
revision ). particle inspection of steel castings
4x97 : 1994 Deviations for untoleranced (first revision )
dimensions and mass of steel II732 1995 Acceptance.standards for dye
castings ( third revision ) penetrant ‘inspection of steel
castings (first revision )
5530 : I987 Code of procedure for repair and
rectification of steel castings by 12938 1990 Acceptance standards for
metal arc welding process (first radiographic inspection bf steel
revision ) castings.

ANNEX B
(Chse 7)
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER

B-l BASIS FOR ORDER c) Optional/Additional tests required. if any;

While placing an order for the purchase of steel d) Whether the castings are to be inspected and
castings covered hy this standard, the purchaser should tested in the presence of the purchaser’s
specify the following: representative;
a) Mntel-ial specification; e) Condition of delivery;
b) Drawing or reference number of the pattern 0 Any special requirement; and
(if supplied by the purchaser). along with a
copy of the drawing; g) Test report, if required.