DAS Bootcamp

Distributed Antenna Systems 101

Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing
Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and
wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and
manufacturing/distribution partners
partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless,
Wireless Bregen has aggressively expanded sales
channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S.

Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a
t
team memberb ffor DAS standards
t d d committee,
itt a councilil member
b off Th
The DAS FForum, a presenter
t ffor th
the A
American
i
Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association
member.

Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies
and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also
previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000
companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom
and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.
Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer
As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS)
knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the
U.S.

With project experience spanning several industries—including hospitality, higher education,

commercial,
i l and
d sporting
ti andd entertainment—Boyd
t t i t B dh has d
designed,
i d engineered,
i d commissioned
i i d and
d
managed some the nation’s largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the
duration of each project.

Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.

 Learning Objectives
• About the Presenting Company
• What is a DAS?
• Wireless Industry Trends
• The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
• Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets)
• DAS C
Case St
Study
d
• DAS Engineering Basics
• Best Practices
• Q&A
 About Connectivity Wireless
CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE
• Headquartered in Georgia • Nationwide service
• Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems • Proven service delivery model
• Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans • 2,500+ DAS solutions deployed
2,500
• More than 100+ talented team members • Technology neutral
• Degreed engineers, certified project managers and • More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage
technicians installed since 2012
• Single or multi-service systems
 What is a DAS?
Distributed Antenna System
 What is a DAS?
• A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network
of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to
a common transport medium—typically coax or
fiber-optic cable—that provides wireless service
within an area, building or structure.

• The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a

p / g
radio base station of an “off-air” repeater/signal
booster.

• Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety

coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.
 DAS: How it Works
Donor
Antenna
Public Safety
Donor Site
In-building
In building C
Coax
Antennas

Coax
Cabling
Fiber Distribution
Remote Unit

Bi-directional
A lifi or R
Amplifier Repeater
t
Fiber
Distribution Fiber
Head- End Cabling
Equipment

Head-end Cellular
Equipment Room Signal
Source
 Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems
Feature Passive DAS Active DAS Pico/Femto
Coverage vs. Capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity

Installation 1-3 weeks 1-3 weeks Few days

Carrier Multi Multi Single
Band Multi Multi Single
Scalability Limited due to absence of Fully scalable Limited by handover
active electronics

End Use Med-large

Med large buildings
buildings, 100K Very large buildings 100K-1
100K 1 Small/medium, residential
Small/medium
-500K sq. ft.) million sq. ft. and SOHO
Wireless Industry Trends
In-building Wireless (IBW)
 DAS Market Today
• Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice

• Businesses running operations on smartphones

smartphones, tablets and aircards

• 80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors

• Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and

neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented

• DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers

• Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS

• Businesses
B i are b
budgeting
d i ffor DAS
 Wireless by the Numbers 2013
*Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services
• Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each
month or 4,100 million text messages each second

• Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year

• 321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)

• 101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households

• 2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase)

56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase)

• Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.)

• 78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase)

270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase)

• Wireless
l enabled
bl d tablets,
bl llaptops and
d modems:
d
13.6 million (14.2% increase) *Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI

• $68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)

 DAS Market Tomorrow This is Next
• Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month
or 43,709 million text messages each second

• By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-PC devices, up from 33
percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in 2013.

• Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR
of 54%.
Global IP traffic by device

Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research

predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent
between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more
than 60% of the in building wireless market
in-building
 DAS for Public Safety
Mandates for radio service for public safety
• ICC & NFPA codes mandate first
first-responder
responder coverage
• 150+ local municipalities now mandate
public safety coverage inside large buildings
• Indoor cellular/PCS service required for
E911 location
• 700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and police
p
• 400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012)
• According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from
wireless
i l phones
h
Players in the Value Chain
The DAS Ecosystem
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
DAS
OEMs

Consultants Wireless
A&E Firms Carriers
DAS
Integrator

E d
End-user
Customer
Cable
Distribution
Contractors
 Roles in the Ecosystem
Customer Drives demand for DAS

DAS OEMs Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with
product training.
Wireless Carriers Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding.

Distributors Supplies
pp inventoryy locally.
y Facilitates local trainingg and education. Works
with partners to generate opportunities.

Cable Contractors Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user

Consultants and A&E Firms
DAS Integrators
relationships.
Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec.
Evaluates bid responses.
Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of
g implements
the DAS. Designs, p and supports
pp the DAS. Coordinates carrier
funding and integration.
 Ownership Models
Carrier Neutral-Host Landlord

• 100% funded and • 100% funded and • Funded by building

operated by carrier operated by owner
independent third party
• Typically
T i ll single
i l carrier
i (i e tower company)
(i.e., • Deployed
D l d and d operated
t d
by DAS integrator
• Carriers may form • Owner leases space
consortium back to the carriers • Carriers/3rd
/ p
parties mayy
partially fund
• Neutral-host approach • Neutral-host
remains untested • Multi-carrier
Drivers of DAS
Vertical Markets
 Candidates for DAS
• Offices/Corporate Campus
• Retail/Shopping Malls
• Healthcare/Hospitals
• Airports/Train Stations
• Manufacturing/Industrial
• Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers
• Sports Venues/Stadiums
• University Campuses
• Government/Municipalities
Low E Glass
Low E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major in-
building wireless coverage problems.
 Drivers in Healthcare
• 78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA)

• In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile
applications (Gartner Research)

• Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets

• Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number

expected to grow in the coming years

• Mobile access to patients’ electronic medical records (EMR)

• Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results,

imaging exams, etc.

• Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for

first responders to ensure public safety
(police, fire and EMS)
 Drivers in Hospitality
• Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can
stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage
• Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards
• Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the
hospitality sector
• A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with
poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once
• Resort properties
− How many people l turn-offff their
h Blackberry
l kb or iPhones
h when
h
they’re on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets
coverage?
• Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a
l di iindicator
leading di t ffor ffuture
t DAS deployments
d l t
 Drivers in Higher Education
• First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in
all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc.
• Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is
a matter of convenience and safety
• Demand for coverage in stadiums
• Parents want instant access to their kids
• Students use wireless as primary mode of voice and
data communications
• Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in
d
dorms and
dbbuildings
ildi
• 32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)
 Drivers in Public Venues
• Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation
hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless
network
at the same time

• Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped

calls

• Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage

and capacity in the surrounding areas

• Wireless network must support public safety and

communications for security personnel

• Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic

from macro network
DAS in Action
Case Studies
 Turner Field – Atlanta, Ga.
Challenge:
• Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could
not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues

Solution:
• DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans
• DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-of-
house area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking
• 6 sectors, expandable to 14
• Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete
system
• Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews
working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010
• Designed to -65 dBm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure
coverage throughout
• Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service
 University of Iowa – Hospitals and Clinics
Challenge:
• University of Iowa’s campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with
wireless coverage and capacity issues
• Physicians clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout
Physicians,
facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of high-
quality patient care services

Solution:
• DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square
feet
• SOLiD DAS equipment utilized
• DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum
• Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint
• Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber
• 135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas
• I
Installation
ll i time
i fframe – 12 months
h
• Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus
 Waldorf Astoria Orlando® and
Hilton
o Orlando
O a do Bonnet
o e Creek
ee
Challenge:
• Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones,
smartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriors
at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand
property

Solution:
• DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on
482 acres of woodlands an waterways
• Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas,
restaurants shops and meeting spaces
restaurants,
• Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12-
man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live
on opening day in April 2010
• Full-service,
Full service turnkey solution including planning
planning, design
design, carrier
coordination, and installation
• Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon
 Athens Regional Medical Center
Challenge:
• Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded
wireless
i l coverage th
throughout
h t ffacility
ilit ffor cellular
ll l voice,
i d data
t
and healthcare applications to support delivery of high-
quality patient care services

Solution:
• DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the
buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow
• DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas
including main hospital, emergency department and parking
structures
• five
five-month
month deployment timeline
• Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon
 Daytona International Speedway
• DAS Application
– Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full
MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T
– 22 million+ square foot speedway
– Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility

• SOLiD
– 65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs
– Efficient technology for this particular application
– More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12
strand fiber
– 76 Omni and 156 oDAS Panel Antennas
 Daytona International Speedway
Installation Photos
DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center &
Raymond
y James Stadium
DAS Engineering Basics
Distributed Antenna Systems
The DAS Life Cycle
 Why is Indoor Coverage Poor?
• The building is acting as an RF shield
– Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc.
– Highly
g y tinted windows: energy-efficient,
gy , green
g buildingg efforts
– Lack of coverage in below grade floors
– Elevators and center areas of the building

• High
g rise buildings
g ((typically
yp y more than 15 floors))
– High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service
– Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops)

• The buildingg is blocked from the tower byy other buildings

g
• The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away
– Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others

• New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies

 Is a Coverage System Required?
Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services
• Is there often less than 3 “BARS” on a phone?
• Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors?
• Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call?
• D
Does th
the owner wantt tto guarantee
t ffullll coverage??

Public Safetyy Services (police,

(p , fire,, rescue))
• Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance?
• Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage?
• Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators?
• Do you have liability concerns?
 DAS System Configurations
Passive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals
• Only active component – BDA/Repeater/Small Cell
• Ideal
Id l solution
l ti ffor smaller
ll venues <150K
150K sq. ft.
ft
• Limited growth or expansion capability
• Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety
• DoD nott ttypically
i ll offload
ffl d th
the carriers’
i ’ macro network
t k

Active DAS - Adds RF  FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers

• Commonly driven by cell site base stations
• Scalable – Single to multi-band/operator installations
• Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft.
• Flexible for growth and expansion
• One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety
• Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources
 Public Safety
• NFPA Guidelines
– NFPA 72 2010
– Issued
I d iin A
Aprilil off 2009
– Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code
• Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities
– Fire, Police, First Responders
– No building size is identified – defines coverage
– If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major
renovations
• Includes discussion on retransmission agreements
• Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting
– Poor designs can harm coverage
 Public Safety
• 99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator
lobbies, and exit stairs
• 90% coverage for remaining areas
• Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure
• Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification
• UPS requirements
– Primary is dedicated branch circuit
– Secondary is 12-hour battery backup
• Annual
A l ttesting
ti required
i d ffor active
ti components
t and
d system
t
The Correct Tools are Critical for Success
• Site Surveys and Needs Analysis
– iBwave Mobile
– Si l G
Signal Generators
t
– Spectrum Analyzers
– ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers

• Design
– iBwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis)
– AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets)

• Commissioning
– iOLM or similar OTDR test equipment
– Spectrum Analyzers
– Signal Generators
– JDSU and/or PCTEL software
Coverage Needs Analysis
 Coverage Needs Analysis
• Two main factors that demonstrate signal:
– RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator
• Measured in dBm
• -85 dBm is the typical threshold
• Lower dBm ( e.g.
e g -95
95 dBm) = lower signal
• No longer is -85 dBm a standard in the carrier world –Today’s DAS built on
Dominance

– Quality
• Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio – Ec/Io, SQE, C/I
• Thresholds vary per service provider
• Noisy
N i room example l (hi
(high
h rise)
i )
 Coverage Needs Analysis
• Methodology
+
– Measure multiple service providers and technologies
– Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and
propagation characteristics
– Log data layer on top of floor plan layer
– Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software
– Data is collected and post-processed
• RSSI , RSRP, SQE and Quality
• Overlay of floor plans
• DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data

– Public Safety – Spectrum Analyzer Methods

Coverage Needs Analysis

University of
Iowa
Benchmark
Campus
Drive

All Reports
PDFs
PDF
Raw Data
Site Survey
 Construction Site Survey
• Equipment Room (ER Identification)
• RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
• Interior wall materials
– Concrete vs. drywall
• Ceiling heights and type
– Drop-tile or hard ceiling
• Cable pathways
– Vertical chases
– Horizontal cabling supports
(conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.)
• Existing RF systems
• Power and Wall Space
• MDF and IDF locations
Site Survey
 Site Survey
Spectrum Analyzer
A

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

Ref Level : -30
-30.0
30 0 dB
dBm
dB / Div : -40
10.0 dB
-50
-60
-70
dBm

-80
80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1
-130
864.5 868.0 871.5 875.0 878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0
Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)
CF: 881.5 MHz SPAN: 35.00 MHz Attenuation: 1 dB
RBW: 30 kHz VBW: 10 kHz Detection: Pos. Peak
Std:
Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009 Time: 07:33:24
Model: MS2711D Serial #: 00844195
 Site Survey
• RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
• Interior wall materials
– Concrete vs. drywall
• Ceiling heights and type
– Drop-tile
Drop tile or hard ceiling
• Purpose of building
– Dense or open environment
• Vertical chases
– Between floors
 Site Survey: Additional Questions
• Existing RF systems
• Roof Mount Area
• Headend Equipment Room
• Power and Wall Space
• MDF and IDF locations
• Type of cable – fire vs. plenum
 Head End Room Planning (BTS)
• Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS)
– Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier
– 800 to 1,000
1 000 square feet to accommodate all carriers
– Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to
accommodate head end equipment

• Power requirements for the head-end room

– 100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier

• Environmental requirements for the head-end

– 2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier

• Floor
Fl LLoading
di
– 125 PSF for BTS equipment
In-building Design
 Design
• iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) – Industry standard software that predicts wireless
coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a
variety
i t off DAS ttechnologies
h l i used d tto produce:
d
– Design Drawings – highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser
diagrams and floor by floor layouts
– “Heat”
Heat Maps – color coded representation of predicted received RF levels
• Bill of Materials Development – determining accurate material quantities and types based
upon technical requirements and cost
• Design
g Packageg – Scope
p of Work,, Bill of Materials,, Link Budgets
g & Design
g Drawings
g
Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies
• AT&T
– 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS)

• Verizon
– 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO) Spectrum Analyzer
A

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

Ref Level : -30
-30.0 dBm
dB / Div : -40
40
10.0 dB
-50

• Sprint PCS -60

-70

dBm
– 800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE)
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1
-130

• T-Mobile CF: 881.5 MHz

864.5 868.0 871.5 875.0 878.5 882.0 885.5
Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)
SPAN: 35.00 MHz
889.0 892.5 896.0

Attenuation: 1 dB
RBW: 30 kHz VBW: 10 kHz Detection: Pos. Peak

– 1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS) Std:

Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009
Model: MS2711D
Time: 07:33:24
Serial #: 00844195

• Public Safety
– 450/700/800 MHz
 Carriers and Wireless Frequencies
Sprint Public
System Type AT&T Verizon Nextel T-Mobile Metro PCS Cricket Safety
GSM (Voice) 850, 1900 1900
EDGE (2G data) 850, 1900 1900
UMTS (3G data) 850, 1900 2100
HSDPA (3G) 850, 1900 2100
HSUPA (3G+) 850, 1900 2100
HSPA+ (3G++)
LTE (4G data) 700 700, 2100 1900 , 2600 2100 2100
Wi-Max (4G data) 2600

150, 450, 700,

Public Safetyy
800 900
800,

CDMA2000 (Voice) 850, 1900 800, 1900 1900 1900

EV-DO (3G data) 850, 1900 1900 1900 1900
700, 800, 700, 850, 800, 900, 1900,
Spectrum Owned 2100, 1900 2100, 1900 2100, 1900
1900, 2100 1900, 2100 2100
 Design
• We know the scope, carriers and donor signals
– Now what?
• Type of DAS
– Coax vs. Fiber
• Head End Location
• Equipment manufacturers
– CommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiD
 What is PIM and Why is it Important?
• PIM should be considered during the design phase
• PIM = Passive Intermodulation
– Spurious RF noise and 3rd order products that are difficult to detect

• Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax
(coax,
connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response
• Carriers are requiring PIM-rated
PIM rated components
• Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier
p
specifications
Design: Link Budget
 Design: Keys to Link Budget
• Power output at repeater or fiber remote
• # of channels per service provider
• Splitter and cable loss
• Free Space Path Loss
• # of wall penetrations
• Fade Margin
• U link
Use li k b
budget
d as guide
id ffor RF d
design
i
Design: Link Budget
Design: Clutter Loss
3D Model
Prediction and Propagation
Floor Plan Layout
Logical Design
 Design: Wireless Thresholds
Old World New World
-85
85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90-95%
90 95% of the area for voice 6 8 dB stronger than the macro network
6-8
technologies coverage bleeding into the building
-70 dBm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.)

• Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz

• Typical
yp radius can varyy from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open
p
areas
• Limiting technology/frequency determines design
• MIMO or SISO?
Leading DAS Equipment OEMs
 Installation
Distributed Antenna Systems
 Installation Photos – United Center
United Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless
 Installation – Potential Assumptions
• No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna
system.
• End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any
b k
back-up power (UPS or generators)) will
ill b
be provided
id d b
by the
h customer
or the end-user.
• If Carrier
C i FFunded/Neutral
d d/N t l H Hostt – DC power plants
l t utilized
tili d and
d will
ill nott
use existing AC Power in the IDFs
• EEnd-user
d will
ill allow
ll use off allll existing
i ti cable
bl ttrays and
d other
th cabling
bli
support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)
 Installation – Potential Assumptions
• Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other
necessary approvals
l prior to installation.
ll
• An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna
cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize
existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system
warranty must create an additional penetration.
What Typically gets Installed with a DAS?
Base Stations – Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the
RF signal source to drive the DAS
Fiber Head
Head-End
End – Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber
RF over fiber (RFoF)
(RFoF), then transmits the signal via
single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit

Multi-band Remote Unit – Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then
transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna

Fiber Optic Cable – Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the
remote units
Plenum Cable – Transports
p the RF signals
g from the fiber remote unit―to the coverage
g antenna

Splitter – Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements

Coverage
g Antennas – emits multi-band RF signals
g to the coverage
g area
 Donor Antenna
General Specifications
yp
Antenna Type Directional

Operating Frequency Band 1710 – 2700 MHz | 698 – 960 MHz

Brand Cell-Max™
Color White
Interface 7-16 DIN Female
Package Quantity 1
Radome Color White

Radome Material PVC, UV resistant

Donor Antenna
General Specifications
Antenna Type Yagi
Includes V-bolts
806 – 869 MHz
Operating Frequency Band

Electrical Specifications
Frequency Band, MHz 806–869

Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees 60

Gain, dBd 10.0

Gain, dBi 12.1

Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees 30.0

Beam Tilt, degrees 0

Front-to-Back Ratio at 180°, dB 15

VSWR | Return Loss, db 1.5:1 | 14.0

Input Power, maximum, watts 150

Polarization Vertical
Impedance, ohms 50

Lightning Protection dc Ground

Omni Coverage Antenna
General Specifications
Antenna Type Omnidirectional

Operating Frequency Band 698 – 2700 MHz

Brand TRU-Omni R727

Color White
Interface N Female

Mounting Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile

Pigtaill Cable
bl Included,
l d d Plenum
l Rated
d

Radome Color White

Radome Material ABS

½” Coax Plenum Distribution Cable
Construction Materials
Jacket Material PVC
Dielectric Material PE spline
Flexibility Standard

Inner Conductor Material Copper-clad aluminum wire

Jacket Color Off white

Outer Conductor Material Corrugated aluminum

Dimensions
Nominal Size 1/2 in
Cable Weight 0.21 kg/m | 0.14 lb/ft

Electrical Specifications
Cable Impedance 50 ohm ±2 ohm
Capacitance 76.0 pF/m | 23.0 pF/ft

Operating Frequency Band 1 – 8800 MHz

Peak Power 40.0 kW

Power Attenuation 2.325
 Splitter
General Specifications
Device Type Splitter
Interface N Female
C l
Color Bl k
Black

Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency
698 – 2700 MHz
Band
Average Power,
50 W
maximum

Dissipative Loss at
0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz
q
Frequency y Band

Impedance 50 ohm
Insertion Loss at
0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz
Frequency Band
Return Loss 20.8 dB
Split Loss 3.0 dB
VSWR 1.2:1
 Coupler
General Specifications
Device Type Coupler
Interface N Female
C l
Color Bl k
Black

Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency Band 698 – 2700 MHz
3rd Order IMD -140 dBc (relative to carrier)
3rd Order IMD Test Method Two +43 dBm carriers

Average Power, maximum 200 W

Coupling 10 0 dB
10.0
Coupling Tolerance ±1.0 dB
Impedance 50 ohm
Peak Power, maximum 1 kW

Reflected Power, maximum 100 W

Return Loss 20.8 dB
VSWR 1.2:1
12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable
General Specifications
Cable Type Distribution

Construction Type Armored

Subunit Type Gel-free

Construction Materials
Fiber Type Solution TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber

12 General Specifications
Total Fiber Quantity

Fiber Type TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber

Fiber Type, quantity 12

Jacket Color Yellow

Dimensions
Cable Weight 101.0 lb/kft | 151.0 kg/km

Diameter Over Jacket 12.80 mm | 0.50 in

 Repeater/BDA

• Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band “Class A” Off-Air Boosters Platform

– Supports up to 7 different frequency bands
– Incrementally expandable through scalable architecture
– Supports public safety and commercial technologies

• Advance Digital Signal Processing

– Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations
– Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly
Fiber Head-End
• Fiber optics enables:

– Wide bandwidth to support multiple

wireless carriers
– Long distance with minimal loss
– Minimum design and installation costs
– Uniform signal strength throughout the
building
– Flexibility for future evolution
• Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible
configuration
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew
Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
• Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
• Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
• All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
– External RF splitters
p mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility

• AC or DC mains power
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning
Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
• Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
• Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
• All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
– External RF splitters
p mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility

• AC or DC mains power
 Commissioning
• Coaxial cable and fiber testing
– Coaxial cable sweeps
– Fiber iOLM/OTDR results

• Active component commissioning

– Baseline noise floor measurement
– CW testing
– Fiber DAS commissioning
– Uplink / Downlink testing
– Additive noise calculation and testing
– Wireless service provider turn-up
turn up
– RF validation testing

• Wireless carrier specific checklists

 Maintenance Services
• Preventive Maintenance Routines
– Quarterly, semi-Annual, or annual
– Cable sweeps and OTDR testing
– Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment
– Equipment inventorying and labeling
– Update as-built documentation
• Response & Repair
– 24x7x365
– Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts
– Regular Updates
• Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed
• System Monitoring
– Monitor In
In-Building
Building DAS elements from all vendors
– System impairment communication management
– Personnel dispatch
– 24x7x365
– Customized monitoring contracts
• Demand Drivers
– Mandated by public safety code
– Often critical/required for carrier approval
Carrier Coordination
 Repeater VS BTS
• The Cellular Repeater – Is it Dead?

• As carriers require higher levels of dependability and

capacity
– New technology can no longer be driven over the air

• Carrier Coordination is a full time job

– If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination
 Typical Carrier RF Sources
Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA)
– Also called signal booster or repeater
– Small footprint,
p , low power
p usage
g
– Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites
– Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage
– Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location
Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto)
– Small footprint, low power usage
– Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection
– Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment
– Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrier
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
– A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF
– Typically installed in a rack configuration
– Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch
 Carrier Coordination
• Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers
• Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government
• Re-transmission agreements
– Repeaters
p or microcell
• Potential RF issues generated
– Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc
• Carrier monitoring/database
• Public Safety
 Carrier Coordination
The Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers
(repeaters or signal boosters)

February 20th, 2013, FCC Report and Order 13-21

Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial
and industrial space

The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent
and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers
Wireless Carrier Coordination
Wireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project
 Q&A
Thank you!
 Contact
Bryce Bregen
VP off Sales
S l and
dMMarketing
k ti
bbregen@connectivitywireless.com 2707 Main Street, Suite 1
Duluth, GA 30096
Tyler Boyd 678.584.5799
Nationwide Performance Engineer
tboyd@connectivitywireless.com