Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lucian RADU1
1
Faculty of Letters, Transilvania University of Braşov.
86 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VII • Vol. 4 (53) No. 2 - 2011
man (biological and social), the changes idea that school prepared for life,
that prevail permanence are asserted by considering school as being life itself.
Pragmatism; and, therefore, the relativity He claimed that a clear distinction
of values and critical intelligence represent between content and method couldn’t be
an irrefutable value for human conduct. made and that one couldn’t speak
John Dewey gives an illustrative definition separately about methods of teaching. The
to his own philosophy, and by default, to prestigious American pedagogue is against
pragmatism considering that reality has a the idea that the personality of the teacher
practical character, expressed in the most should be subordinated to methods, forcing
efficient way through the activity of him to stick to routine. Dewey does not
intelligence [3]. deny, however, the need for some targeting
methods. It is necessary to study the
3. John Dewey’s progressive educational activities that lead to success, as well as
theory those that lead to failure, and a general
method of instruction can be delineated.
Based on the above mentioned This is how the method of solving
philosophical concept ‘progressivism’, problems appeared. As it has been seen,
belonging to ‘new education’, is ‘a thinking is a prerequisite for acquiring
Copernican revolution’ in pedagogy, knowledge. This appears in problematic
promoting ‘a child-centered school’. situations as an effort of overcoming a
The concept of experience is the basis of difficulty.
Dewey’s theory of instruction, but his The problem-solving method:
pedagogic view is not only based on his 1. In a first instance, an empirical
philosophical concept, but also on situation is created to reproduce a
the social, economic and cultural realities familiar situation, so that for the
of American society: American child everything seems to be known.
democracy, industrial revolution, and 2. As soon as he/she has started to
development of modern science. work, obstacles that need to be
In the American pedagogue’s opinion, overcome appear. A problem which
the educational process includes two stimulates thinking is created.
aspects: a psychological and a sociological 3. Data provided by past experience
one. He considers the psychological aspect will be used in such situations.
to be fundamental and very important. The 4. Based on these elements, the student
learning capacity, which should continue formulates hypotheses for solving
in adult life, without disappearing after the problem.
childhood, represents a very valuable 5. The hypothesis considered to be the
element which is developed in the concept most adequate is chosen, and it will
of permanent education. In John Dewey’s be verified afterwards.
view, growth is represented by the ability If this is confirmed, it will become an
of learning, forming habits and readjusting instrument for solving future problems.
activity to new conditions. In his Using the method of solving problems,
experimental school in Chicago, education Dewey stimulates learning through
was focused on the child’s needs – Student discovery and discourages the
was learning by doing. The authentic accumulation of what is transmitted by
knowledge could be achieved only through others. The method solves in a way the
direct experience. Dewey combated the dispute between learning by effort and
learning stimulated by interest. Within the
88 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VII • Vol. 4 (53) No. 2 - 2011