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John Dewey

[John Dewey was a psychologist who is most known for his progressive views on
education.Stefan Neubert (2009) argued that Dewey was a reconstructionist.He believed in
the ideals of constructivism and saw experience as an opportunity to educational
growth.Experience for Dewey was a vital key that transcended Kant's notion of experience or
interpretation of reality, forhe believed that the continuous interaction of humans with their
natural and artificial environment was essential for growth, both public and private, thought,
social progress, and personal development (source)Shusterman (2010) describesan article
written by Dewey,Art as Experience, as the first established pragmatist aesthetics on the
philosophical map yet he does not explicitly talk about pragmatism, something that Dewey is
now well-known for.It can be said that experience revolved wholeheartedly around many of
Dewey's views and writings.

One interesting article explored Dewey's"racialized" view of his own theories, arguing that
Dewey intended for his views and practices to benefit and only apply to students of
European Americans and not necessarily African-American students. Margonis (2009) argues
that:

"Because of the racial assumptions operative inDewey'seducational philosophy, Margonis

suggests,Dewey'sfundamental conceptions of the"student" and "classroom community"
would best be abandoned by educational philosophers hoping to write philosophy that
serves all students."

Ultimately, Dewey's philosophy on education is considered progressive and is still used today
in several topics of research and instructional design.His beliefs were also a basis, or at least
apart of the basis for Social Constructivism. His focus on experience has helped lead a way
into how constructivism can be used for educational purposes, including instructional design
and learningtheories. Dewey also spoke about "Educational Engineering" which was an
infusion of using experience to learn and increase a person's knowledge base. He stated:

"Given imagination, courage and the desire to experiment and to learn from its results, there
is a push toward, a momentum for creative work. Itsconcrete consequences if subjected to
honest or discriminating reflection will afford material for the elaboration of an art, a fairly
definite body of suggestions and instructions for the later intelligent conduct of an educative
art"(Dewey, 1922).