Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kim L. Pyant
EDUC 703
Liberty University
2019
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 2
Abstract
The rationally of this paper was to examine the relevance of John Dewey’s
education philosophy into the contemporary education system. Various sources were
synthesized in order to assess the influence of Dewey as well as some of the theories that
other educators came up with after analyzing the work of Dewey. The historical
background of Dewey is given in the paper, which reveals that social and political
activities in Vermont (the area he was brought up) influenced him to come up with the
paper under the segment of philosophy of education. The paper will then focus on
Dewey’s theory in practice through the introduction of the education system. Hence,
diversity to understand the idea of segregation and emphasis put forth to reduce racial and
with the use of inquiry and values. Finally, the paper will conclude progressivism in
education and emphasis on the rationale of focusing on the child rather than content in
the classroom.
Education is a perfect thing that has ever happened in the entire human
world around them. Moreover, people can improve situations based on the knowledge
they acquire through education. On that note, in order to understand how the concept of
education has evolved to help human beings improve the universe, philosophers such as
John Dewey must be studied. It is through John Dewey, the American philosopher, and
educator that people can comprehend the philosophical school of thought as well as
pragmatism. Therefore, the rationale of this paper is to examine the cultural context of
Dewey, synthesize his beliefs and actions as well as provide some critiques to his work its
influenced by the cultural environment that he found himself in. For example, he was
brought up in a family that believed in the democratic vision besides being actively
their surroundings when it comes to producing ideas for a particular field. In connection
to that, the social and political activities in Vermont influence Dewey to be an educator
and a philosopher. The study shows that Dewey believed that problems of society could
be solved when people come together peacefully to discussion and debate solutions for
issues of a community (Gutek, 2014, p. 78). He did not support the idea that an individual
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 4
single-handily can solve problems of society. Ideally, people are limited when it comes to
community and democracy, Dewey was, therefore, motivated to develop social and
education philosophers to have lived in the 20th century. His contribution to the field of
education continues to be felt even today. The education of the 21st century borrows a lot
from the philosophies and concepts of Dewey (Gordon, 2016). Furthermore, his
philosophical perspective in education has made most scholars recognize him as the
progressivist, pragmatist, and social reformer. Part of the reason he is heavily credited is
that his education concepts are bear more fruits when compared to education concepts of
other philosophers.
individual could only be influenced by education. Indeed, there are high chances to find
and philosophy of education are have influenced a lot of educators who eventually have
developed their own education hypothesis that differs significantly from that of Dewey.
Some of the learning theories that borrow some concepts of Dewey include a learner-
mind, some scholars may argue that such methods are modern and improved; they are
methodologies. Dewey postulated that the scope of conventional education was beyond
appropriate for young learners because of the components that allow children to engage
in social interactions, besides enabling them to develop cognitively. Dewey was for the
thought that the best education is which would allow for the children to interact socially
and that schools should be regarded as just social institutions. According to Dewey,
learning should be considered as a process of living and not as a procedure for preparing
learners for the future. Ostensibly, Dewey is right because many education systems of the
world are designed in such a way that learners can only expect future outcomes.
Given this, the education system that prepares students to only hope for the future
is not sufficient for various reasons. The first reason is that the process of learning is
boring and tedious for the majority of students. Immediate rewards mainly activate the
mind of an individual after completion of a task or concept. The majority of students may
feel overwhelmed to wait for education outcomes after more than a decade of being in
school. Contrary to the traditional system of education where students have to wait for
outcomes for an extended period, Dewey’s progressive education allows the student to
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 6
education is that learners rarely interact socially because it is based on planned lessons.
Dewey is set apart from the proponents of tradition classroom settings. Dewey believed
limiting children on various aspects of social interactions. Schools and classes should be
designed in such a way that children are able to participate in learning activities flexibly.
Dewey was against the idea of introducing too much academic content because it tends to
interfere with the ability of children to interact socially. Virtually, educational content
deviates from the context of children’s social lives. The notion of Dewey’s is not in line
with modern education from various perspectives. For example, the application of
Common Core Standards characterizes the contemporary education system. The focus of
using common core standards has made the philosophy of Dewey to appear archaic.
However, there is some modern education hypothesis that endeavors to apply the
educational philosophy of Dewey in practice. One of such theories that support the work
of Dewey includes Learner-centered theory. Through these hypotheses, people can see
some beliefs Dewey being put into practice. The learner-centered method backs the idea
of Dewey, whereby children are taught to solve social problems collectively. The theory
also believes that the student also gets to participate in some elements of the decision-
making process. Instead of the teacher dictating exclusively on how students should,
learners also get an opportunity to express their views regarding the scope of learning.
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 7
Children are viewed as individuals that encompass the whole setting of a classroom
system.
In such a setting, the student can form their knowledge through individual
according to the beliefs of Dewey, are allowed to participate effectively in the learning
process and the school system. The education philosophy of Dewey, as well as the
learner-centered theory, has the interests of students taken into consideration when
coming up with instructions and lesson plans. Although the education philosophy of
Dewey seems to have been falling out of favor regarding the policies of modern
significant extent.
enhances the overall learning experience. The model puts more emphasis on students
rather than content in the educational process. The education system of Dewey stresses
more on the operation of education rather than the future outcomes of learning.
Moreover, based on the model, the teacher is not the central figure, like in the traditional
Theory to Practice
more child development rather than content. Dewey argues that for education to be
appropriate, the children should be allowed to learn from the experience gained earlier in
life. Similarly, the perception is more effective when children engage in their surrounding
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 8
and Brown (2018) research found that inquiry assisted pupils in acknowledging the way
to make sound and helpful decisions through the significance of relation existing between
values and science. Hence, inclusion in the classroom molded child ideas paying attention
learning.
Lee and Brown (2018) stated that within the science classroom curriculum, it has to use
inquiry-based learning accompanied by practical’s to add values that help the student to
reason critically by observing the results from the practice. Dewey had an opportunity to
test his theory through the Chicago Laboratory School. Regardless of the uneventful
approach, Knoll (2015) indicated that the Laboratory School was innovative and
pioneer movements. The scientific school served as an exhibition, testing and verifying
the critical theoretical statements as well as principles within the classroom context that
included actual students. Hence, the data collected within a particular setting was utilized
second purpose.
DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN EDUCATION 9
Moreover, Dewey was well understood as the father of progressive education and
social learning advocate (Slaughter 2009). Through the achievement of promoting and
tools in education, his legacy of ideas and philosophies are still used in contemporary
engage in the classroom due to an increase in the use of technology. The world is
becoming connected, and technology is driving the social lives of students and is utilized
effectively for promoting the engagement of students and teachers. In this way, teachers
have the responsibility of providing the student with new instruction relevant, effective as
well as engaging the student socially (Stillwaggon, 2014). Through the acquisition or
internet, the teacher can engage with the student through texting, email class notes and
assignments, chat rooms, and WhatsApp groups. Hence, the teachers choose the
appropriate and comfortable methods to reach the students to most disperse information
and academic content. Thus, through designing the instruction through education-based
student-centered learning, the teacher helps to meet the social and educational needs of
the students. Therefore, it can be done through the use of appropriate technology, as
Perspectives on Diversity
Vaughan (2018) indicated that the potential industrialization influence, immigration along
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progressive movement, was faced by the integration of all-inclusive students within a
given education system. The reason was due to the increased diversity of the students
who were attending the school and from a different culture. Hence, it was necessary and
significant for teachers to form goals of using environmental education for the
issues in the local communities, as the basis of the classroom first since utilizing these
resources becomes the basis of learning to set (Popp, 2015). The place-based education
then improves the sustainability, projects, and community learning through being
education, emphasis on vocational training, manual force, the building of character, and
even social science curriculum. In addition, if the views of Dewey on race, racism along
the education were changing in his lifetime, he founded the NAACP that offered support
could assist people in overcoming fear along with the conflict of cultural difference, and
used a school curriculum that was to accomplish the social inequalities. According to
Vaughan (2018) report, claimed that Dewey silenced the segregation practices in the mid-
20th century when he proclaimed and went against segregation of students from African-
American culture. Thus, the equality and equal resource distribution and segregated in
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interaction and engagement of communities towards social learning. Dewey's motive of
social learning was forced on American democracy to offer the ordinary person the
opportunity to perform movement and debate ideas necessary and helpful in improving
society. The latter was to provide teachers’ pedagogy to promote equity in classroom and
promote social learning to remove or terminate stereotypic ideas children gains from the
community (Tarrant & Thiele, 2016). Despite Dewey's motive of not using education as
and think rationally and ensure they have reliable and informed judgment.
Critical Analysis
According to Gutek (2011)he gave the impression that Thomas Jefferson was
influential during the American Revolution. The central aspect here is that the Jefferson
change the curriculum to focus on scientific knowledge along with the instruction to have
a distinctive American culture. Hence, the philosophy of education has been long urging
for the establishment of a school system that is more oriented on knowledge rather than
content due to changing the way of life. The desire of Dewey was for reforms in the
existing school system to fit the student’s interests and needs (Wu, 2017). While
a position for student’s responsibility. Dewey saw school as an institution that is aimed to
teach scientific methods by the use of inquiry to help the student learn the way to make
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Dewey criticized the epistemology of the modern philosophy stating that it takes
for granted dualism. The rational of dualistic assumptions, as well as empiricism, are
considered as a medium of knowledge. Hence, Dewey pointed out that knowledge should
independently and making their own informed decision and choices. In this way, Dewey
termed dualism as a spectator of the theory of Knowledge, which manipulated the mind
social medium to help the student grow intelligently; acquire meaning and values through
into schools through an on-hand approach that endorses the use of character building,
project-oriented, and industrial training. Hence, Dewey envisioned a democratic, but the
issue of race and education is still an issue in society. Even if most of his work was
coined before consideration of the race, community along with economic impact,
Dewey’s ideas of democracy are still influencing today’s leaders. The perspective of
Dewey on racial equality was different from Moreland (2007) in the way knowledge is
democracy was to ensure the student has benefited from it by producing a better decision
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Implications and Conclusions
Eventually, from the time public schools were developed, the pedagogy of
shared a philosophy that still influences changes in instruction techniques, best student
teaching approaches and student-centered methods. The progressive ideas in the Dewey
improve equality and reduce segregation due to race in schooling through a radical
element. In addition, the scientific inquiry and values in the classroom are helpful in the
contemporary modern classroom setting to foster decision-making and the ability of the
student to use local community resources and experience for social learning. Therefore,
applying Dewey's work is helpful in the context of education, ethics, and democracy that
References
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