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(1) A Buck converter is driven by a constant input voltage 30V. The switching frequency is 10kHz,
the L and C of the converter are 1mH and 10μF. Sketch a circuit diagram of the buck converter
and the waveform of the current of C. Calculate the output ripple voltage when duty ratio of gate
signal of the transistor is 0.5. The converter is operating in continuous mode.
1
Ts , C 10F , L 1mH , D 0.5 vT iT vL iL
10k
1 T 1 1 I T L
Vo s I C _ pos( avg ) L s T
iC
C 2 C 2 2 2 +
+
Vin D vD C R Vo
Vo DVin (0.5)(30) 15 V -
V 1 D Ts
iD
(15)(0.5)
I L o 0.75 A
L (10k )(1m) vgs
The output ripple voltage can be derived by the
capacitance equation as: DTs (1-D)Ts
0 t
dv iC
C o iC ΔIL/2
dt 0 t
1 T 1 1 I T -ΔIL/2
Hence, Vo s I C _ pos( avg ) L s
C 2 C 2 2 2
1 1 0.75 1
Vo 0.9375V
10 2 2 20k
+
iL iC
ΔIL = 0.5A, fs = 100kHz
Fig. 2
ANS:
D 12
1 D 5
The duty ratio of the gate signal is:
12
D or 0.7059
17
(3) A Ćuk converter operates at 50kHz switching frequency. The On-state time of the transistor is
12μs. The input voltage is 100V. The load resistance varies between 50-500Ω. Sketch a circuit
diagram of a Ćuk converter. Considering the converter operating in continuous mode, calculate
the voltage ratings of all the circuit components.
+
Ts 20
iT iD
Hence the voltage conversion ratio is:
Vo D
1.5
Vin 1 D
and the output voltage is:
Vo (1.5)Vin 150V