Divisibility tests (General)

Introduction:
Sometimes we ought to know whether a particular natural number is divisible by another
natural number smaller than it or not without actual division. For example money to be
distributed equally among four or seven friends. We have certain shortcuts/rules to find
out the same. These rules are called divisibility tests.

We will denote the remainder of the division 30  4 as [ 30] 4 = 2 . In general if [ y ] x = 0 ,

then y is divisible by x.
We can also observe using different numbers that
if y = y1 + y2 + y3 + ... + yn ,
then [ y ] x = �
[ y1 ] x + [ y2 ] x + [ y3 ] x + ... + [ yn ] x �
� �.
x

e.g. [ 4321] 7 = ��[ 4000] 7 + [ 300] 7 + [ 20] 7 + [ 1] 7 � �7

Also, if y = y1 � y2 � y3 � ... � yn
then [ y ] x = �
[ y1 ] x �[ y2 ] x �[ y3 ] x �... �[ yn ] x �
� �x

Now observe the following table carefully.

108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 Numbers
1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
2 1 4
1 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 6
2 3 1 5 4 6 2 3 1 7
4 2 1 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
1 10
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 11
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -2 1 12
9 10 1 4 3 12 9 10 1 13
2 10 8 12 4 6 2 10 1 14
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 15