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Reinforced concrete water tanks are constructed for storing water. The design of reinforced concrete water tank is
based on IS 3370: 2009 (Parts I – IV). The design depends on the location of tanks, i.e. overhead, on ground or
underground water tanks.
The tanks can be made in different shapes usually circular and rectangular shapes are mostly used. The tanks can
be made of reinforced concrete or even of steel. The overhead tanks (elevated tanks) are usually elevated from the
rooftop through column. In the other hand the underground tanks are rested on the foundation.
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In this article, Design requirements of reinforced concrete water tanks are discussed.
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Table 1 types of RCC water tank based on their location and shapes
Intze tank
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the aesthetical view of the surroundings and the design of the construction controls shape of the overhead tanks.
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Fig.1:above ground RCC water tank
Both concrete and steel are perfectly elastic and modular ratio value has a value given in IS 456- Table 21.
In calculation of stresses. Both for flexural and direct tension or combination thereof relating to resistance to
cracking, the entire section of concrete including the cover together with reinforcement can be taken into
consideration provided that tensile stress in concrete limited to values provided in Table 2.
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Fig.4:Stresses in a RCC water tank
Water tank concrete shall be free of leakage. This may be achieved by selecting concrete M 20 grade and greater,
and concrete near water face need to such that no crack occurs.
So, to make concrete crack free at water face, water tank wall thickness shall be designed so that stress on concrete
is smaller than values provided in Table 2.
In members less than 225mm. thick and in contact with liquid on one side these permissible stresses in bending
apply also to the face remote from the liquid.
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M40 1.7 2.4
In strength calculation, permissible concrete stresses should be in accordance with values provided in Table 3 and
Table 4.
M30 8 10 1
M40 10 13 1.2
M50 12 16 1.4
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2.75 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
When steel is placed near the face of the members in contact with liquid 115 N/mm2 for mild steel Bars and 150
N/mm2 for high strength deformed bars.
If steel is placed on the face away from the liquid for members 225 mm or more in thickness then permissible
stress in steel shall be 125 N/ mm2 for mild steel bars and 190 N/ mm2 for high strength deformed bars.
When steel is placed on face away from liquid for members less than 225 mm in thickness same as earlier.
The reinforcement provided is not less than minimum reinforcement which described in the sections below.
IS 3370 (Part 1) recommendations regarding movement joint provisions and for a suitable sliding layer beneath
the water tank are executed properly.
The tank shall be applied for the storage of water or aqueous liquids at or near surrounding temperature
Suitable measures are taken to prevent cracking of the concrete during the construction period and until the tank
is put into use.
Nonetheless, separate computation for moisture and temperature variation shall be conducted if:
Permeable lining used for the water tank. In this case, possible dry out of the tank shall be taken into
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consideration.
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Note: cement content with a range from 330Kg/m3 to 550Kg/m3 shall be used to reduce shrinkage to as minimum
as possible.
Employ M20 for lean concrete in the presence of aggressive soils or harmful water
Install polyethylene sheet layer between lean concrete and the floor
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It should be designed for bending moments due to dead load and water load.
Special attention shall be practice during the design of floor of multi-cell water tank
Lastly, when walls and floor are connected rigidly, then moment at the junction in combination with other
transferred loads shall be considered in floor design.
To prevent moments at the base of the wall because of fixity to the floor.
When water tank constructed in ground or earth embanked against it, then earth pressure shall be accounted in
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wall design.
However, provision is made by means of a sliding joint for movement between the roof and the wall,
Correspondence of joints is not so important.
Moreover, in case of tanks intended for the storage of water for domestic purpose, the roof must be made water-
tight.
This may be achieved by limiting the stresses as for the rest of the tank, or by the use of the covering of the
waterproof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure adequate drainage.
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linearly to 0.2% for 450 mm thick sections.
Moreover, in case of floor slab for tank resting on ground the minimum reinforcement from practical
consideration should not be less than 0.3% of the gross sectional area of the floor slab.
Finally, if the thickness of the section (wall, floor or roof slab of the tank) works out to be 225 mm and above two
layers of reinforcing steel shall be placed, one near each of the section to make up the minimum reinforcement
requirements.
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