Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7
Sumber: www.dailytimes.com.pk
Balon udara dapat terbang karena di dalamnya berisi udara panas
yang lebih ringan daripada udara di sekitarnya.
#1.54 0-=5 >1-.-0 C-:3 8-8@ .-8;: @0-=- 05.@-? >1.-3-5 >-=-:- A. Gas Ideal
?=-:><;=?->5*-4@7-4:0-.-3-5-9-:-<=5:>5<71=6-.-8;:@0-=-'=5:>5<
71=6- .-8;: @0-=- -3-= 0-<-? ?1=.-:3 >-:3-? >101=4-:- C-5?@ 01:3-: B. Prinsip Ekuipartisi
919-:2--?7-: 9->>- 61:5> 3-> 0-: 1:1=35 75:1?57 C-:3 05958575 3-> Energi
'-0- .-. 5:5 :0- -7-: 919<18-6-=5 ?1;=5 75:1?57 3-> C-:3 C. Kecepatan Efektif
91:1=-:37-: ?1:?-:3 >52-?>52-? 3-> .1=0->-=7-: 31=-7 -/-7 <-=?5718
<-=?5718:C- C-:3 .1=8-:3>@:3 ?1=@> 91:1=@> 0-<@: 3-> C-:3 -7-:
Partikel Gas
05.-4-> -0-8-4 3-> 501-8 C-5?@ 3-> C-:3 >1/-=- ?1<-? 9191:@45 4@7@9
4@7@93->)18-5:5?@:0--7-:919<18-6-=5<=5:>5<17@5<-=?5>51:1=35
0-: 71/1<-?-: 1217?52 0-=5 <-=?5718 3->
163
Tes Kompetensi Awal
'$'-5..'.1'-#+#2*,0/3'1!'02**/'4*,#3,'2+#,#/-#)30#-30#-$'2*,54&#-#.$5,5-#4*)#/
)1.@?7-:/;:?;43->C-:3?1=0-<-?05-?9;>21=<-
$1:3-<-.-8;:@0-=-0-<-??1=.-:3-3-59-:-/-=-
7-43->?1=>1.@??1=9->@73->501-8 91:31:0-857-:.-8;:@0-=--3-=0-<-?.1=31=-7:-57
<-7-4C-:3059-7>@001:3-:9;8-=5?->3-> ?@=@:0-:.1=.18;7
<-<1:31=?5-:0-=51:1=350-8-93->
A. Gas Ideal
*-4@7-4 :0- C-:3 059-7>@0 01:3-: 3-> 501-8 -3-59-:-7-4
.1:?@70-=5<1=>-9--:3->501-8+:?@791:31?-4@5:C-<18-6-=58-4@=-5-:
.1=57@? >1/-=- >-7>-9-
1. Pengertian Gas Ideal
-8-9 .-. 5:5 :0- -7-: 919<18-6-=5 ?1;=5 75:1?57 3-> <-0- 3->
501-8 '-0- 71:C-?--::C- >52-?>52-? 3-> 501-8 ?50-7 ?1=0-<-? 05 -8-9
7-:?1?-<5<-0->@4@7-9-=0-:?17-:-:?1=?1:?@3->0-<-?91958575
>52-? C-:3 91:017-?5 3-> 501-8
)1/-=- 957=;>7;<5> 3-> 501-8 91958575 >52-?>52-? >1.-3-5 .1=57@?
- -> ?1=05=5 -?-> <-=?5718<-=?5718 0-8-9 6@98-4 C-:3 .1>-= 0-: ?50-7
?1=6-05 5:?1=-7>5 -:?-=<-=?5718 3-> ?1=>1.@?
. )1?5-< <-=?5718 >18-8@ .1=31=-7 71 >19.-=-:3 -=-4
/ '-=?5718<-=?5718 3-> ?1=>1.-= 91=-?- 0-8-9 =@-:3 C-:3 >19<5?
0 !-=-7 -:?-=<-=?5718 6-@4 81.54 .1>-= 0-=5<-0- @7@=-: <-=?5718
y
1 +7@=-: <-=?5718 3-> 0-<-? 05-.-57-:
l 2 *50-7 ?1=0-<-? 3-C- -:?-=<-=?5718 71/@-85 657- ?1=6-05 ?@9.@7-:
3 @7@9 %1B?;: ?1:?-:3 31=-7 .1=8-7@ <-0- >5>?19 3-> ?1=>1.@?
A
x
2. Persamaan Gas Ideal
0$'24 08-' F >1;=-:3 589@B-: '=-:/5> 918-7@7-:
<1=/;.--:0-:<1:3-9-?-:@:?@791:31?-4@54@.@:3-:-:?-=-?17-:-:
z
0-:A;8@913->0-8-9>@-?@=@-:3?1=?@?@<<-0->@4@7;:>?-:@.@:3-:
Gambar 7.1
Gerak arah partikel-partikel gas
?1=>1.@? 05@:37-< <-0- ?-4@: 0-: 0571:-8 01:3-: @7@9 ;C81
dalam ruang tertutup. @7@9 ;C81 91:C-?-7-: .-4B- 657- 0-8-9 >@-?@ =@-:3 ?1=?@?@<
?1=0-<-? 3-> 501-8 C-:3 >@4@:C- 05@>-4-7-: ?1?-< ?17-:-: 3-> -7-:
.1=.-:05:3 ?1=.-857 01:3-: A;8@91 3-> $1:@=@? ;C81 <1=>-9--:
71-0--: 3-> 4-:C- 05?1:?@7-: ;814 ?17-:-: 0-: A;8@91 3->
>145:33- <-0- 3-> -7-: .1=8-7@ <1=>-9--:
tekanan (p)
p2 "1?1=-:3-:
100 K isotermal
?17-:-:% 9-?-@'-
p1 A;8@919
volume (V) '23#.##/ 9 0571:-8 >1.-3-5 @7@9 ;C81 0-: .1=8-7@ @:?@7
V1 V2
4-9<5=>19@-3->01:3-:71=-<-?-:=1:0-4=-2574@.@:3-:-:?-=-?17-:-:
Gambar 7.2 0-: A;8@91 3-> ?-9<-7 <-0- #.$#2
!57- ?17-:-: 05?@=@:7-:
Grafik hubungan tekanan (p)
terhadap volume (V) pada
A;8@91 3-> -7-: :-57 )1.-857:C- 657- ?17-:-: 3-> 05:-577-: A;8@91
suhu konstan. 3-> -7-: 91:31/58 01:3-: >C-=-? >@4@ 3-> ?1?-<
-?-@
F
p2 F
)18-5: 0-<-? 05:C-?-7-: 0-8-9 6@98-4 9;8 <1=>-9--: @9@9 3->
p3 501-8 6@3- 0-<-? 05:C-?-7-: 0-8-9 6@98-4 <-=?5718 3-> ?1=>1.@?
!@98-4<-=?57183->91=@<-7-:4->587-856@98-49;83->?1=>1.@?01:3-:
.58-:3-: A;3=-0;
T (K)
Gambar 7.3
Grafik hubungan volume (V) F
terhadap suhu mutlak (T)
secara isobarik dengan
p1 > p2 > p3.
!57-'23#.##/ 9 05>@.>?5?@>57-: 71 0-8-9 '23#.##/ 9
-7-: 05<1=;814 <1=>-9--: .1=57@?
p (Pa)
V1
"
Pada suhu kamar dan tekanan 1:3-:91:33@:-7-:<1=>-9--:05<1=;814
tertentu, gas dapat memiliki sifat
9
9;8
! 79;8"
Contoh 7.2
)-?@85?1=3->91958575?17-:-:-?9<-0-?19<1=-?@=F
E1=-<-7-4?17-:-:
3->?1=>1.@?657-A;8@91:C-91:6-05
85?1=0-:?19<1=-?@=:C-91:6-05E
#7#$
571?-4@5
F
"
85?1=
"-?9
85?1=
"
01:3-:91:33@:-7-:<1=>-9--: -?-@
-8-94-85:5 7;:>?-:>145:33-
!57-0595>-87-:9->>--B-83->0-:9->>--745=3->0-8-9?-.@:3-0-8-4
0-<-?05?@85>
"
&8147-=1:-9->>-3->C-:3?1=>5>-
.1=-=?5?18-4718@-=3->>1.-:C-7
C-5?@ F
1:3-:019575-:<1=.-:05:3-:-:?-=-9->>-3->C-:3718@-=0-:9->>-3->-B-8:C-
-0-8-4
Contoh 7.4
!57-71/1<-?-:<-=?57183->91:6-050@-7-8571/1<-?-:>19@8-?1:?@7-:8-4.1>-=:C-
?17-:-:C-:3054->587-:
#7#$
"
@.@:3-:?17-:-:?1=4-0-<718-6@-:"-0-8-4
&8147-=1:-:58-5 7;:>?-::58-5>1.-:05:301:3-: " >145:33-
" "
" "
!-05?17-:-:3->91:6-0519<-?7-85?17-:-:>19@8-
Contoh 7.5
)1.@-4?-.@:301:3-:A;8@91
9
91:3-:0@:39;8185@9<-0->@4@E
1:3-:91:3-:33-<185@9>1.-3-53->501-8?1:?@7-:
- 1:1=3575:1?573->185@9
. 1:1=3575:1?57=-?-=-?->1?5-<9;83->185@9?1=>1.@?
#7#$
- 571?-4@5
A;8@91?-.@:3
9
9;8
"
"!
Sebuah ban sepeda memiliki volume
100 cm3. Tekanan awal dalam ban !-051:1=3575:1?57?;?-83->-0-8-46;@81
sepeda adalah 0,5 atm. Ban tersebut . !@98-49;817@83->-0-8-4
dipompa dengan suatu pompa yang
volumenya 50 cm3. Jika diasumsikan
9;8
G
9;817@8 9;8
G
temperatur tidak berubah, tekanan :1=3575:1?57=-?-=-?->1?5-<9;817@8-0-8-4
!
dalam ban sepeda setelah dipompa 4
6;@81
kali adalah ....
a. 0,1 atm d. 4,5 atm
b. 2,5 atm e. 5,0 atm
+:?@77->@>A;8@913->?50-705<1=45?@:37-:
c. 4,0 atm
Soal Tes ITB Tahun 1975 2. Energi Kinetik dan Energi Dalam Gas
Pembahasan: -8-9?5:6-@-:957=;>7;<5><-=?5718<-=?57180-8-93->>18-8@.1=31=-7
Volume ban = V1 = 100 cm2
p1 = 0,5 atm
>145:33-<-=?5718<-=?5718?1=>1.@?919585751:1=3575:1?57'1=>-9--:1:1=35
V2 = 4 × 50 cm3 = 200 cm3 75:1?57 <-0- <-=?5718 3-> 501-8 0-<-? 05?@=@:7-: >1.-3-5 .1=57@?
p2 = 76 cmHg = 1 atm
Setelah pemompaan ban selesai maka
"
akan berlaku:
pban Vban = p1V1 + p2V2
)@.>?5?@>5 0-=5 710@- <1=>-9--: ?1=>1.@? -7-: 91:34->587-: <1=
pban =
p1V1 + p2V2
>-9--: .1=57@?
Vban
"
=
0,5 atm100 cm3 + 1atm200 cm3
100 cm3
= 2,5 atm. "
Jadi, tekanan ban setelah dipompa
sebesar 2,5 atm.
Jawaban: b
"
"
F
$@:/@8:C- 2-7?;= <1:3-85
<-0- '23#.##/ 9 05>1.-.7-: ;814
<1=>-9--: =-?-=-?- 7;9<;:1: A17?;= 71/1<-?-:
""#"$"% 01:3-:"#"$"%
"
"#
&8147-=1:-5?@2-7?;=<1:3-85
.1=7-5?-:01:3-:01=-6-?71.1.->-:
31=-7 <-=?5718 C-:3 .1=?=-:>8->5 71 -=-4 >@9.@-# $ 0-: % '23#.##/
9 .1=8-7@@:?@73->9;:;-?;957C-:3.1=?17-:-:=1:0-4;:?;4
3-> 9;:;-?;957 -0-8-4 4185@9 1 :1;: %1 0-: -=3;: =
+:?@73->05-?;957>1<1=?5&0-:%<-0->@4@0-:?17-:-:
=1:0-4 1:1=35 75:1?57:C- 7-: ?1?-<5 .1=0->-=7-: 17><1=591:
050-<-?7-: .-4B- <-0- >@4@ >10-:3 1:1=35 75:1?57:C- >1.1>-=
'-0- >@4@ 0-: ?17-:-: ?5:335 1:1=35 75:1?57:C- >1.1>-= *-4@7-4
:0- 91:3-<- 019575-:
'1=4-?57-: #.$#2 '-0- 3-> 05-?;957 0@- -?;9:C- 05-:33-<
>1.-3-5 .;8- 71/58 C-:3 054@.@:37-: ;814 >1.@-4 <13-> '@>-? 9->>-
<-=?5718 918-7@7-: 31=-7 ?=-:>8->5 01:3-: 7;9<;:1: 71/1<-?-: <-0-
>@9.@-# >@9.@-$ 0-: >@9.@-% >145:33- 91958575
01=-6-? 71.1.->-:
@:?@7 31=-7 ?=-:>8->5 #.$#2 #
7 F
'-0->@4@0-:?17-:-:?5:335<-=?57183->05-?;9570-<-?918-7@7-:
?53- 31=-7-: C-5?@ .1=?=-:>8->5 .1=;?->5 0-: .1=A5.=->5 1=-7 A5.=->5
91958575 0@- 61:5> 7;:>?=5.@>5 1:1=35 C-5?@ 1:1=35 75:1?57 0-: 1:1=35
x y
<;?1:>5-8 18->?57 1=-7 A5.=->5 ?1=>1.@? 91:34->587-: 0@- 01=-6-?
71.1.->-: 1:3-: 019575-: 1:1=35 75:1?57 3-> 05-?;957 <-0- >@4@ / z
0-: ?17-:-: ?5:335 91:6-05
7 F
1:3-: 019575-: .1>-=:C- 1:1=35 75:1?57 <-=?5718 .1=3-:?@:3 <-0-
>@4@0-:?17-:-:C-:3-7-:9191:3-=@4531=-7-:0-=5<-=?5718?1=>1.@?
x
'-0->1?5-<31=-7-:?=-:>8->5=;?->50-:A5.=->5>1?5-<<-=?571891958575
y
/-=- @:?@7 91:C59<-: 1:1=35:C- Gambar 7.6
'1:5:6-@-: 1:1=35 75:1?57 >1<1=?5 5:5 05:-9-7-: ! Gerak molekul diatomik:
'=5:>5<5:591:C-?-7-:.-4B-@:?@7>@-?@>5>?19<-=?57183-><-0- (a) gerak translasi dari pusat
massa;
>@4@ 9@?8-7 01:3-: >1?5-< <-=?5718:C- 91958575 01=-6-? 71.1.->-: (b) gerak rotasi terhadap
1:1=35 75:1?57 =-?-=-?- >1?5-< <-=?5718 7 -0-8-4 sumbu kartesius; dan
(c) gerak vibrasi sepanjang
sumbu molekul.
7
F
&8147-=1:-3->?1=05=5-?-><-=?57186@98-4>18@=@41:1=3575:1?57
<-=?5718 3-> 0-8-9 >@-?@ =@-:3 ?1=?@?@< 05>1.@? 6@3- 1:1=35 0-8-9 3->
05:C-?-7-: 01:3-: <1=>-9--:
F
+:?@73->05-?;957>1<1=?53->&0-:%919585751:1=350-8-9
>1.-3-5 .1=57@?
'-0->@4@=1:0-4
"
?53-01=-6-?71.1.->-:
Ingatlah
7 F
• Untuk gas monoatomik, f = 3.
• Untuk gas diatomik suhu
'-0->@4@>10-:3
"859-01=-6-?71.1.->-: sedang, f = 5.
• Untuk gas diatomik suhu
7 F tinggi, f = 7.
Contoh 7.6
)1.@-4?-:375.1=5>59;83->4185@9.1=>@4@
E!57-4185@905-:33-<>1.-3-53->
501-845?@:38-41:1=35?;?-8>5>?190-:6@3-1:1=3575:1?57=-?-=-?->1?5-<9;817@8
#7#$
:1=35?;?-89;817@80-<-?0545?@:301:3-:=@9@> 7-=1:-4185@9-0-8-4
3->9;:;-?;9570-<@:1:1=35=-?-=-?-<1=9;817@80-<-?0545?@:301:3-:
=@9@>
571?-4@5
9;8
! 9;8"
"
9;8
! 9;8"
"
!
G
F
! "
"
G
F!
Contoh 7.7
*1:?@7-:1:1=350-8-90-=5>-?@9;83->9;:;-?;957<-0->@4@E
#7#$
571?-4@5
9;8
*
"
G
9;8
! 9;8"
&8147-=1:-3->9;:;-?;9579-7-
9;8
! 9;8"
"
!
"
" " " "
F
"1/1<-?-:1217?52<-=?57183->"=9>=9> !050125:5
>57-: >1.-3-5 -7-= 0-=5 =-?-=-?- 7@-0=-? 71/1<-?-:
1:3-:
-0-8-49->>-9;817@8=18-?52 -0-8-4.58-:3-:A;3-0=;
0-:-0-8-47;:>?-:?-3->'23#.##/9 0-<-?05?@85>7-:>1.-3-5.1=57@?
"=9> F
'1=:C-?--:71/1<-?-:1217?52<-0-'23#.##/991:@:6@77-:
.-4B-<-0->@4@?1=?1:?@9;817@89;817@83->C-:381.54=5:3-:=-?-=-?-
.1=31=-781.54/1<-?->450=;31:01:3-:9->>-9;817@83 9;8-7-:.1=
31=-719<-?7-8581.54/1<-?0-=5<-0-3->;7>531:*-.18.1=57@?919<1=
854-?7-: 71/1<-?-: 1217?52 "=9> .1.1=-<- 61:5> 3-> <-0- >@4@ ?1=?1:?@
!#$'-
"1/1<-?-:217?521.1=-<--><-0-)@4@
E
#3 #33# .0-(#3 9,(.0- 2.3.3
Informasi
untuk Anda 1
&
Energi Matahari berasal dari reaksi %1
fusi nuklir yang berasal dari
penggabungan 2 buah proton. %-?-@&
Sebenarnya, proton memiliki gaya %&
tolak menolak dengan proton &
lainnya karena muatannya sejenis. )&
9 >
other because of their electrical
73 9
charges and protons of average speed
do not have enough kinetic energy to !-0571/1<-?-:1217?523->-0-8-4
9 >
overcome the repulsion. Very fast
protons with speed can do so,
however and for that reason the sun
can shine. Contoh 7.9
Sumber: Fundamentals of Physics, 2001
*1:?@7-:<1=.-:05:3-:71/1<-?-:1217?52-:?-=-9;817@89;817@83->450=;31:
$=3 9;80-:3->;7>531:
=
3 9;8<-0->@4@?1=?1:?@
#7#$
"=9>
"1/1<-?-:1217?52>1.-:05:301:3-:-7-=0-=571.-857-:9->>-9;817@8=18-?52:C-
)1/-=-9-?19-?5>05?@85>7-:
"=9>
3 9;8 "
=9>
"=9>
3 9;8 "=9>