Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

INTRODUCTION
Li-Fi technology, proposed by the German physicist—Harald Haas, provides
transmission of data through illumination by sending data through anLED light bulb that varies in
intensity faster than the human eye can follow. Li-Fi comprises a wide range of frequencies and
wavelengths, from the infrared through visible and down to the ultraviolet spectrum. It includes
sub-gigabit and gigabit-class communication speeds for short, medium and long ranges. The logic
is very simple. If the LED is on, a digital 1 is transmitted. If the LED is off, a digital 0 is transmitted.
These high brightness LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly which is fast for transmitting
data through light. The working of Li-Fi is very simple. There is a light emitter on one end, for
example, an LED, and a photo detector (light sensor) on the other. The photo detector registers a
binary one when the LED is on; and a binary zero if the LED is off. Li-Fi is an important
component of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which everything is connected to the internet. It
enhances energy-efficiency by combining data communication and illumination. Li-Fi promotes a
wide range of application. This project, presents a new application using Li-Fi technology which
is helpful to the customers at supermarket. Li-Fi module is attached with mobile, trolley and cart.
It is interfaced with the microcontroller which is programmed using Embedded C language.
Payment is carried out in android mobile. Purchased product details are passed to the server and
further verification is done in gate section.

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

LITERATURE SURVEY

Article 1:

“Electronic Shopping Cart for Effective Shopping based on RFID” published by

Kalyani Dawkhar, Shraddha Dhomase, Samruddhi Mahabaleshwarkar, International Journal of
Innovation Research in Electrical, Electronic, Instrumentation and Control Engineering Vol. 3,
Issue 1, January 2015.

There is huge change in technology, so the rate of people of all ages attracted towards
electronic gadgets is increasing. In different type of industries the electronic devices like smart
card reader, barcode and RFID scanner having more usage. This type of gadgets also required in
supermarkets. In the existing, in the mall every person takes product put into trolley. After the
shopping is done that person have to stand in the queue for billing. In the billing process a sell
person scan barcode of each and every product and gives final bill. This process is very time
consuming and it becomes worst on holidays, special offers or weekends
To overcome that we have been developed a smart way for shopping in malls. Each and every
product has RFID tag instead of barcode. The smart trolley will have RFID reader, LCD display.
When a person put any product in the trolley it will scan and the cost, name and expire date of the
product will display. Cost will add into final bill. Bill will be stored in microcontroller memory. It
will transfer from RF transmitter to RF receiver. Receiver will transfer this information to the PC
through serial communication. For this project we used Embedded C and VB6.0 software.

Article 2:

"What is LiFi?" published by H. Haas, L. Yin, Y. Wang and C. Chen, in Journal of

Lightwave Technology, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1533-1544, March15, 2016.

This paper attempts to clarify the difference between visible light communication
(VLC) and light-fidelity (LiFi). In particular, it will show how LiFi takes VLC further by using
light emitting diodes (LEDs) to realise fully networked wireless systems. Synergies are harnessed
as luminaries become LiFi attocells resulting in enhanced wireless capacity providing the
necessary connectivity to realise the Internet-of-Things, and contributing to the key performance
indicators for the fifth generation of cellular systems (5G) and beyond. It covers all of the key
research areas from LiFi components to hybrid LiFi/wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks to illustrate
that LiFi attocells are not a theoretical concept any more, but at the point of real-world deployment.

Article 3:

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

“Automated billing system using Li-Fi module” published by Zubin Thomas , Nikil
Kumar ,D. Jyothi Preshiya 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal
Processing (ICCSP).

Large super markets have a great variety of goods and different supermarkets may have
different distribution of commodity. Most of the customers find it difficult to stand in long queue
for billing the purchased products. This causes waste of time and wrong billing for wrong
customers. This project provides a great solution to all these problems. Most recently LIFI is new
emerging technology in the trend. In this project data transfer is processed between products and
the mobile phone. Each and every product is having LIFI transmitter and it store the encoded data
similar to the product id, cost of product and quantity. Here the mobile is integrated with LIFI
receiver via OTG communication in the shopping cart. It can read the commodities' information
when the LIFI transmitter holding goods are chosen by the customers, each information of the
goods can be entered by using the mobile LIFI and when the product is kept into the trolley, which
also contains the LIFI module, double check the product identity. After completing the purchase,
the payment is processed in mobile itself via mobile banking system. Finally the cart section will
verify the payment and purchase of product which will again cross check the products by the trolley
module when we come out of the exit section of the shopping center. If the product is mismatched
at this stage it immediately alerts the owner. This technology is used in this project for finding out
the information of the commodities.

Article 4:
"Enhancing Product Detection With Multicue Optimization for TV Shopping
Applications" published by Fleites, F.C.; Haohong Wang; Shu-Ching Chen, IEEE Transactions
on Emerging Topics in Computing,, vol.3, no.2, pp.161-171, June 2015

Smart TVs allow consumers to watch TV, interact with applications, and access the
Internet, thus enhancing the consumer experience. However, the consumers are still unable to
seamlessly interact with the contents being streamed, as it is highlighted by TV-enabled shopping.
For example, if a consumer is watching a TV show and is interested in purchasing a product being
displayed, the consumer can only go to a store or access the Web to make the purchase. It would
be more convenient if the consumer could interact with the TV to purchase interesting items. To
realize this use case, products in the content stream must be detected so that the TV system notifies
consumers of possibly interesting ones. A practical solution must address the detection of complex
products, i.e, those that do not have a rigid form and can appear in various poses, which poses a
significant challenge. To this end, a multi cue product detection framework is proposed for TV
shopping. The framework is generic as it is not tied to specific object detection approaches. Instead,
it utilizes appearance, topological, and spatio-temporal cues that make use of a related, easier to
detect object class to improve the detection results of the target, more difficult product class.

REQUIREMENTS
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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

1. HARDWARE USED

1.1 LIFI MODULE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity .Li-Fi technology provides transmission of data
through illumination by
sending data through LED that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow.
This product focus on developing a Li-
Fi based system and analyze its performance with respect to existing technology.
The heart of this technology is a new generation of high brightness LEDs.
The product consisting
of a transmitter which includes a light source and the receiver circuit which receives the
data transmitted via light waves.

1.2 ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA LM 328

The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the mega

AVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard
architecture 8-bit RISC processor core. The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller
combines 32 kB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 kB EEPROM,
2 kB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible
timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial
programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-
bit A/D converter.

1.3 LCD 16 X 2

Winstar 16x2 Character LCD Display WH1602W is having two pinout interfaces
on upper and bottom sides of the LCD module. This 16x2 lcd display has the outline size of 80.0
x 36.0 mm and VA size of 66.0 x 16.0 mm and the maximum thickness is 13.2 mm. WH1602W
16x2 LCD Displays are built-in controller ST7066 or equivalent. It is optional for + 5.0 V or + 3.0
V power supply. The LEDs can be driven by pin 1, pin 2, or pin 15 pin 16 or A/K. This type of
module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from
-30℃ to +80℃.

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

1.4 ANDROID PHONE

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified

version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touch screen
mobile devices such as Smartphone’s and tablets.

1.5 GAT DC MOTOR

The VMC Model of Test Rig Component, manufactured by GAT, is specifically

designed for an intense dynamic testing. This device features a torque motor that composed of a
twisting cylinder according to the Swivel vane principle and a contact-free sealing rotary union. It
has torque of 200 000 Nm, has rotational speeds of 30 000 rpm, and can generate with an accuracy
of 0.5%.

1.6 5 VOLT 2 AMPS POWER SUPPLY

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an

electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source
to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power convertors. Some power supplies are separate standalone
pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they power.

2. SOFTWARE USED

2.1 PROGRAM IN C EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded C Programming is the soul of the processor functioning inside each

and every embedded system we come across in our daily life, such as mobile phone, washing
machine, and digital camera. Each processor is associated with embedded software. The first and
foremost thing is the embedded software that decides functioning of the embedded system.
Embedded C language is most frequently used to program the microcontroller.

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2.2 ANDROID APPS

Applications ("apps"), which extend the functionality of devices, are written

using the Android software development kit (SDK) and, often, the Java programming
language. Java may be combined with C/C++, together with a choice of non-default runtimes that
allow better C++ support. The Go programming language is also supported, although with a
limited set of application programming interfaces(API). In May 2017, Google announced support
for Android app development in the Kotlin programming language.

2.3 ARDUINO IDE

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that

provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE
normally consists of a source code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger. Most modern
IDEs have intelligent code completion. Some IDEs, such as NetBeans and Eclipse, contain
a compiler, interpreter, or both; others, such as SharpDevelop and Lazarus, do not. The boundary
between an integrated development environment and other parts of the broader software
development environment is not well-defined.

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

ADVANTAGES

• To avoid standing in queues while billing and reduce the time taken for shopping.

• With the usage of Li-Fi technology, the billing process takes place automatically and
payment is also enhanced using mobile banking.

• Security is also managed by checking products in trolley and Verifying it with billed
products. If any product is unbilled, a buzzer sound will be produced.

APPLICATIONS

• It can used in shopping centre

• It can used in super markets

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

DESIGN

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

CONCLUSION
Large super markets have a great variety of goods and different supermarkets may have
different distribution of commodity. Most of the customers find it difficult to stand in long queue
for billing the purchased products. This causes waste of time and wrong billing for wrong
customers. This project provides a great solution to all these problems. Most recently LIFI is new
emerging technology in the trend. In this project data transfer is processed between products and
the mobile phone. Each and every product is having LIFI transmitter and it store the encoded data
similar to the product id, cost of product and quantity. Here the mobile is integrated with LIFI
receiver via OTG communication in the shopping cart. It can read the commodities' information
when the LIFI transmitter holding goods are chosen by the customers, each information of the
goods can be entered by using the mobile LIFI and when the product is kept into the trolley, which
also contains the LIFI module, double check the product identity. After completing the purchase,
the payment is processed in mobile itself via mobile banking system. Finally the cart section will
verify the payment and purchase of product which will again cross check the products by the trolley
module when we come out of the exit section of the shopping center. If the product is mismatched
at this stage it immediately alerts the owner. This technology is used in this project for finding out
the information of the commodities.

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Automated Billing System Using Li-Fi

REFERENCES

[1] Kalyani Dawkhar, Shraddha Dhomase, Samruddhi Mahabaleshwarkar, “Electronic

Shopping Cart for Effective Shopping based on RFID” International Journal of Innovation
Research in Electrical, Electronic, Instrumentation and Control Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 1,
January 2015

[2] Mr.P. Chandrasekar, Ms.T. Sangeetha “Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic Billing System
through RFID and ZigBee” in Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES),
2014 International - 27-28 Feb. 2014.

[3] Rupanagudi, S.R.; Jabeen, F.; Savarni K R, V.R.; Adinarayana, S.; Bharadwaj, V.K.;
Karishma, R.; Bhat, V.G., "A novel video processing based cost effective smart trolley system for
supermarkets using FPGA" 2015 International Conference on Communication, Information &
Computing Technology (ICCICT),, vol., no., pp.1-6, 15- 17 Jan. 2015.

[4] H. Aida, S. Aoki, J. Nakazawa and H. Tokuda, "Real-time information distribution at a

shopping mall using android phones," Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Conference (IWCMC), 2011 7th International, Istanbul, 2011, pp. 1923-1928.

[5] Z. Ali and R. Sonkusare, "RFID based Smart Shopping: An overview" Advances in
Communication and Computing Technologies (ICACACT), 2014 International Conference on,
Mumbai, 2014.

[6] H. Haas, L. Yin, Y. Wang and C. Chen, "What is LiFi?" in Journal of Lightwave Technology,
vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1533-1544, March15, 2016.

[7] Zimu Zhou; Zheng Yang; Chenshu Wu; Wei Sun; Yunhao Liu,"LiFi: Line-Of-Sight
identification with WiFi,", 2014 IEEE Transactions on INFOCOM, vol., no., pp.2688-
2696, April 27 2014-May 2 2014.

[8] M. Mathankumar and N. Sugandhi, "A low cost smart shopping facilitator for visually
impaired" Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2013
International Conference on, Mysore, 2013.

[9] Eui-Seok Hwang, Kyung-Il Lee and Choong-Ho Cho, "Intelligent shopping mall agent
based on user's preference" Industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. ISIE 2001. IEEE
International Symposium on, Pusan, 2001.

[10] Fleites, F.C.; Haohong Wang; Shu-Ching Chen, "Enhancing Product Detection With
Multicue Optimization for TV Shopping Applications" IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics
in Computing,, vol.3, no.2, pp.161-171, June 2015.

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