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... take a Quadratic Equation like this: and turn it into this:
ax2 + bx + c = 0 a(x+d)2 + e = 0
and:
But if you have time, let me show you how to "Complete the Square" yourself.
Well, with a little inspiration from Geometry we can convert it, like this:
x2 + bx + (b/2)2 = (x+b/2)2
"Complete the Square"
Start with:
The result:
x2 + 6x + 7 = (x+3)2 − 2
A Shortcut Approach
Let us look at the result we want: (x+d)2 + e
ax2 + bx + c = 0
But that is easy to deal with ... just divide the whole equation by "a" first, then carry on:
x2 + (b/a)x + c/a = 0
Steps
Now we can solve a Quadratic Equation in 5 steps:
Step 2 Move the number term (c/a) to the right side of the equation.
Step 3 Complete the square on the left side of the equation and balance this by adding the same
value to the right side of the equation.
We now have something that looks like (x + p)2 = q, which can be solved rather easily:
Step 5 Subtract the number that remains on the left side of the equation to findx.
Examples
Here are two examples:
Example 1: Solve x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Step 2 Move the number term to the right side of the equation:
x2 + 4x = -1
Step 3 Complete the square on the left side of the equation and balance this by adding the same number to the
right side of the equation.
(b/2)2 = (4/2)2 = 22 = 4
x2 + 4x + 4 = -1 + 4
(x + 2)2 = 3
(x + 2)2 = 3
x2 – 0.8x – 0.4 = 0
Step 2 Move the number term to the right side of the equation:
x2 – 0.8x = 0.4
Step 3 Complete the square on the left side of the equation and balance this by adding the same number to the
right side of the equation:
(b/2)2 = (0.8/2)2 = 0.42 = 0.16
Step 5 Subtract (-0.4) from both sides (in other words, add 0.4):
Well, one reason is given above, where the new form not only shows us the vertex, but makes it easier to solve.
There are also times when the form ax2 + bx + c may be part of a larger question and rearranging it
as a(x+d)2 + e makes the solution easier, because x only appears once.
For example "x" may itself be a function (like cos(z)) and rearranging it may open up a path to a better solution.
Also Completing the Square is the first step in the Derivation of the Quadratic Formula
Start with
Where: , and: