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    The document compares the Von-Neumann and Harvard computer architectures, with Von-Neumann using a shared memory and bus for data and instructions which can cause bottlenecks, while Harvard stores instructions and data in separate memory units and buses to allow independent and simultaneous access and removal of bottlenecks. Most modern computers use a modified Harvard approach with separate address spaces, buses, and instructions to prevent data/code confusion while retaining some Von-Neumann features like accessing constants from instruction memory.

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    The document compares the Von-Neumann and Harvard computer architectures, with Von-Neumann using a shared memory and bus for data and instructions which can cause bottlenecks, while Harvard stores instructions and data in separate memory units and buses to allow independent and simultaneous access and removal of bottlenecks. Most modern computers use a modified Harvard approach with separate address spaces, buses, and instructions to prevent data/code confusion while retaining some Von-Neumann features like accessing constants from instruction memory.

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    27 views6 pages

    Brief Intro Abt Von-Neumann and Harvard Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous U8awvgZ3pD
    The document compares the Von-Neumann and Harvard computer architectures, with Von-Neumann using a shared memory and bus for data and instructions which can cause bottlenecks, while Harvard stores instructions and data in separate memory units and buses to allow independent and simultaneous access and removal of bottlenecks. Most modern computers use a modified Harvard approach with separate address spaces, buses, and instructions to prevent data/code confusion while retaining some Von-Neumann features like accessing constants from instruction memory.

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    net/publication/331160423

    Von-Neumann Architecture Vs Harvard Architecture

    Presentation · February 2019

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    Abdellatif Baba
    Türk Hava Kurumu Üniversitesi
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    Computer Architecture
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard

    Mechatronics Engineering Department


    Dr. Eng. Abdullatif BABA
    2018-2019
    Computer Architecture
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard
    Computer Architecture refers to the internal design of a computer with its CPU,

    which includes:

    • Arithmetic and logic unit,

    • Control unit,
    Input Output
    device device
    • Registers,

    • Memory for data and instructions,

    • Input/output interface and

    • External storage functions.

    Von-Neumann architecture and Harvard architecture


    Computer Architecture
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard
    Von-Neumann architecture:
    The same memory and bus are used to store both Data and Instructions
    Outputs/wait
    The main drawback:
    CPU Bus Data
    CPU is unable to access program memory and
    &
    data memory simultaneously. This case is called Instr.
    the "bottleneck" that affects system performance.
    Memory
    The bottleneck

    • If a Von-Neumann machine wants to perform an instruction (already fetched from the


    memory) on some data in memory, it has to move the data across the bus into the CPU.

    • When the computation is done, it needs to move outputs of the computation to memory
    across the same bus; this operation will be completed if the bus is not used by another
    operation to fetch another instruction or data from the shared memory; otherwise the
    outputs of the computation has to wait.
    Computer Architecture
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard
    Harvard architecture:
    The Harvard architecture stores machine instructions and data in separate memory units using
    different buses.

    The main advantage: CPU Bus Data


    Computers designed with the Harvard Mem. Unit

    Bus
    architecture are able to run a program and access
    data independently, and therefore simultaneously.
    Inst.
    Mem. Unit

    Harvard architecture is more complicated but separate pipelines remove the bottleneck
    that Von-Neumann creates.
    Computer Architecture
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard

    Modified Harvard Architecture


    The majority of modern computers have no CPU Bus Data
    physical separation between the memory spaces
    Instr.
    used by both data and instructions, therefore
    Memory
    could be described technically as Von-Neumann.

    But as they have two separate address spaces, different buses and special
    instructions that keep data from being mistaken for code, this architecture is called
    "Modified Harvard Architecture".
    Ex. some initial data values or constants can be accessed by the running program
    directly from instruction memory without taking up space in data memory.

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