2.

2 Effect of FOD

Foreign object debris are common small material located in the aircraft operation
environment. Although they are small, they pose an enormous threat to the airline’s aircraft
and person related to the aircraft. Small problem such as cosmetic damages on body and big
incident such as permanent injury of person inside the damaged aircraft caused by FOD.
According to Ridzuan Husin (2016) things affected by FOD includes, small particle entering the
engine caused contamination and damaged the internal component, tyre puncture which can
cause serious threat to people lives if the aircraft was moving at high speed, damage to the
aircraft’s body which some cases include FOD penetrating the aircraft’s body, and finally
reducing aircraft’s optimum performance.

1) Damaged internal component

2) Tyre puncture
3) Damage aircraft body/ Airframe

Marandi et al, (2013) defined that there is some effect that have successful been record. Foreign
Object Debris (FOD), bird or ice going into engine cause the engine major damage due to the fan or
compressor break. When engine damage, the aircraft will loss it thrust. It will effect whole system of
aircraft and will cause aircraft to crash.

Eddy et al (2015) defined that Foreign Object Damage (FOD) give major effect to aircraft body or
Airframe and will cause the major inspection or repair. Two Example of airframe defect below.

1) Scratch the paint

2) Corrosion

Foreign object damage not a small problem, but the major common factor that cause of Accident
happen. As a result of finding, the major effect of Foreign Object Damage is damaging the engine. The
main supply for aircraft fly is engine. When engine is damage, there is critical situation for aircraft to
fly.