TYPES OF COMPENSATORS

PRESENTED BY - SOHAM CHATTERJEE

EE -3RD YEAR - SEC C - ROLL NO. 29
INTRODUCTION

What is a Compensator in POWER SYSTEMS ?

~ Reactive power compensation(VAR) is defined as the
management of reactive power to improve the performance of
ac systems .

Aspects of Reactive Power Compensation

1.The main purpose is to decrease the voltage fluctuation at a
given terminal of a transmission line.
2.Increase the power factor of the system.
3.To balance the real power drawn from the system.
4.To eliminate the current harmonics.

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METHODS OF COMPENSATION

There are mainly two types of compensators according to the

connection with the transmission line
 shunt compensator .
 series compensator .

 Shunt Compensator : a device that is conected in parallel with

the transmission line is called the shunt compensator . It can be
provided by either a current source , voltage source or a
capacitor.
An ideal shunt compenstaor provides the reactive power to the
system.We shall assume that the shunt compensator is always
connected at the midpoint of transmission system.

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SHUNT COMPENSATION

• Shunt-connected reactors are

used to reduce the line over-
voltages by consuming the
reactive power . while shunt
connected capacitors are used
to maintain the voltage levels
by compensating the reactive
power to transmission line .

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SERIES COMPENSATOR

When a device is connected in series

with the transmission line it is called a
series compensator . A series
compensator can be connected
anywhere in the line .
There is two mode of operation -
1.capacitive mode of operation .
2.inductive mode of operation .
A simplified mode of a transmission
system with series compensation is
shown in figure. The voltage
magnitudes of the two buses are
assumed equal as V , And the phase
angle between them is delta .

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STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR

• A STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC) is an electrical device for

providing reactive power on transmission networks . The term
'STATIC' refers to the fact that SVC has no moving parts (other than
circuit breakers and disconnects,which do not move under normal
SVC operation).
• The SVC is an automated impedance matching device ,designed to
bring the system closer to unity power factor.
• Under inductive conditions (lagging) , the capacitor banks are
autpmatically switched in , thus providing a higher system voltage.
And if the load is capacitive , the SVC will use reactors to consume
VARs from the system , lowering the system voltage.

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SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSOR

A device whose main function is the improvement of pf

of the electrical system is known as the synchronous
condensor .
 It is installed at the receiving end of the line.
 when a synchronous condensor is introduced it supplies the kVAR
to the system , and hence the current is reduced.
 therefore the losses are reduced and provides a better efficiency .
Hence more power can be delivered to the loadand improves the pf
of the system.

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STATIC COMPENSATOR

The devices use synchronous voltage

sources for generating or absorbing
reactive power . A synchronous voltage
source is constructed using a voltage
source converter . such a shunt
compensating device is called static
compensator or STATCOM .

Basically the STATCOM system is

comprised of power converters , set of
coupling reactors or a step-up
transformer ,controller .

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Thyristor-Controlled Series
Compensator
Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensation
(TCSC) is used in power systems to
dynamically control the reactance of a
transmission line in order to provide sufficient
load compensation. The benefits of TCSC are
seen in its ability to control the amount of
compensation of a transmission line, and in its
ability to operate in different modes. These
traits are very desirable since loads are
constantly changing and cannot always be
predicted.
TCSC designs operate in the same way as
Fixed Series Compensation, but provide
variable control of the reactance absorbed by
the capacitor device. The basic structure of a
TCSC can be seen from the figure :

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CONCLUSION

From all the previous discussion we can conclude reactive power

compensation is must for improving the performance of the a.c. system
.By reactive power compensation we can control the power factor and
reduce the consumption of electricity .

~ THANK YOU ~

2018-11-12