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ColonizationvInfection PDF
ColonizationvInfection PDF
Colonization
• The presence of microorganisms in or on a host with growth
and multiplication but without tissue invasion or damage
• Understanding this concept is essential in the planning and
implantation of epidemiological studies in a healthcare
Infection v. Colonization
infection prevention and control program
• Confusing colonization with infection can lead to spurious
associations that may lead to expensive, ineffective, and time‐
consuming interventions
Multi Drug‐Resistant Organisms Management in Long Term Care • Colonization may become infection when changes in the host
Facilities Workshop occur
Louisiana Office of Public Health
Healthcare‐Associated Infections Program
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Colonization vs Infection
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Colonization vs Infection
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Colonization vs Infection
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• Infections are accompanied by signs and • diseases with specific incubation period: stay
symptoms: in hospital incubation period
• fever, malaise
• in localized infections: swelling due to • numerous infections do not have well set
inflammation, heat, pain, erythema (tumor, dolor, incubation periods (for example, staphylococci,
rubor, calor) E.coli infections)
• Use definitions which establish minimum ‐ these infections rarely develop in less than
characteristics for infection 2 days
• NHSN criterion: Infection present after the 3rd
• Remember: Immunocompromised patients do hospital day (day of hospital admission is day
not show signs of infection as normal patients. 1).
Neutropenic patients ( 500 neutrophils
/mm3) show no pyuria, no purulent sputum,
little infiltrate and no large consolidation on
chest X‐ray
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• establish prior negativity Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• check history, symptoms and signs Colonization Infection
• Approximately 30% of the • Occurs when a bacterial
• documented at time of admission, lab tests population is colonized
& chest X‐rays done strain undergoes
with MRSA uncontrolled growth
‐normal physical examination
• Organism lives on the skin • Can be localized to a
‐absence of signs and symptoms for long periods of time
specific area such as a
‐normal chest X‐ray generally in warm, damp,
wound or spread
Excluded: ‐negative culture or lack of culture dark areas of the body
•Transplacental • Nose
through the bloodstream
infections Example: If urine cultures are collected at • Throat
(bacteremia)
•Reactivation of old day 7 of hospitalization and none
infections (ex Shingles) • Armpits
was collected before, it implies that no
•Infections considered signs of infection were present in urine • “South of the border”
extensions of infections before
present at admission
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Colonization vs Infection
Vancomycin‐resistant
Clostridium difficile (CDIFF)
Enterococci (VRE)
Colonization Infection Colonization Infection
• Asymptomatic • Presence of diarrheal • Acquired by susceptible • Weakened hosts have an
• CDIFF is detected in the
absence of symptoms of symptoms (3+ unformed hosts in an environment increased likelihood of
infection stools in 24h) with a high rate of developing infection
• The number of colonized • Stool tests positive for patient colonization with following colonization
patients is higher than
symptomatic CDI cases among CDIFF toxins or VRE, e.g. intensive care • PCR is used to detect
hospital patients • Detection of toxigenic units, oncology units
• Absence of diarrhea without
infections and outbreaks
CDIFF or
colonoscopic histopathologic • Can lead to infection
findings of • Colonoscopic findings
pseudomembranous colitis demonstrating ulcerative depending on the health
and colitis of the patient
• Detection of CDIFF or
• Presence of CDIFF toxins
No tests of cure!!!!
Carbapenem‐resistant
Urinary Tract Infections
Enterobacteriacea (CRE)
Colonization Infection • The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), bacterial
• Organism can be found on • Cause infections when they colonization of the urinary tract without local signs or symptoms of
the body but is not causing enter the body through infection, ranges from 23‐50% in non‐catheterized NH/SNF residents
any symptoms or disease medical devices like central to 100% among those with long‐term urinary catheters.
• Strains can go on to cause lines, urinary catheters, or • Differentiating ASB from symptomatic UTI can lead to inappropriate
infections in sterile sites of wounds antibiotic use and its related complications.
the body
• Treatment options include • High prevalence of ASB and the challenges with diagnosing
• Generally colonized in the
GI tract tigecycline, colistin, and symptomatic UTI in NH/SNF residents have led to antibiotic overuse
polymixin B in this population.
• Overuse increases the likelihood of adverse events and
complications of previous antibiotic treatment (e.g., CDI) along with
emergence, transmission, and acquisition of MDROs.
• Appropriate diagnosis and management of symptomatic UTI is a
critically important issue in the NH/SNF setting.
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Colonization vs Infection
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Colonization vs Infection