Marking and mechanical requirements for bolts, screws

and studs of steel

Identification
Hexagon and hexalobular head bolts and
screws
Hexagon and hexalobular head bolts and screws (including
products with flange) shall be marked with the manufacturer´s
identification mark and with the marking symbol of the pro-
perty class given in table 188.
The marking is obligatory for all property classes, preferably
on the top of the head by indenting or embossing or on the
side of the head by indenting (see the figure below).
In the case of bolts or screws with flange, marking shall be
on the flange where the manufacturing process does not
allow marking on the top of the head.
Marking is required for hexagon and hexalobular head bolts
and screws with nominal diameters d 5 mm.
In the case of small screws or when the shape of the head
does not allow the marking as given in table 188 the clock
face marking symbols as given in table 24 may be used.

Table 188 Marking symbols

Property class 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 10.9 12.9
a,b b
Marking symbol 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 10.9 12.9
a
The full-stop in the marking symbol may be omitted.
b
When low carbon martensitic steels are used for property class 10.9 (see table 4).

Table 24 Clock-face system for marking bolts and screws

Property class
3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8
a a a a a

Marking symbols

b
b b b b

Property class
6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 10.9 12.9

a a a a a a b

b b
b
b b

a
The twelve o´clock position (reference mark) shall be marked either by the manufacturer´s identification mark or by a point.
b
The property class is marked by a dash or a double dash and in the case of 12.9 by a point.

Examples of marking on hexagon and Examples of marking on hexagon

hexalobular head bolts and screws socket head cap screws

a Manufacturer´s identification mark

b Property class

Source: EN ISO 898-1.

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Example of marking cup head
square neck bolts

Studs Marking of studs

Studs with nominal thread diameters d 5 mm, of property
class 5.6 and property classes 8.8 and higher shall be marked
by indenting with the marking symbol of the property class
as given in the table below and the manufacturer´s identi-
fication mark on the unthreaded part of the stud (see the
figure).

If marking on the unthreaded part is not possible, marking

of property class only on the nut end of the stud is allowed,
(see the figure). For studs with interference fit, the marking
shall be at the nut end with manufacturer´s identification
marking only if it is possible.

Table 189 Alternative marking symbols for studs

Property class 5.6 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9

Marking symbol

The symbols in the table are permissible as an alternative identification of property classes.

Marking of bolts and screws with left-hand Left-hand thread marking

thread
Bolts and screws with a left-hand thread shall be marked
with the symbol shown in the figure, either on the top of the
head or on the point.

Alternative marking for left-hand thread as shown in the

figure may be used for hexagon bolts and screws.
Alternative left-hand thread marking

Source: EN ISO 898-1.

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Screws and stud screws
According to table 4 the min. tempering temperature is
Table 4 specifies the kind of steel for the different
compulsory for property classes 8.8 up to 12.9.
property classes for screws and stud screws.
The chemical composition is only compulsory for the
screws that are not to be tensile tested.
Table 4 Steel Chemical composition
Property Material and treatment Chemical composition limits (check analysis) % (m/m) Tempering
class temperature
a
C P S B °C
min. max. max. max. max. min.
3.6b Carbon steel – 0,20 0,05 0,06 0,003 –
b
4.6 – 0,55 0,05 0,06 0,003 –
4.8b
5.6 0,13 0,55 0,05 0,06 –
5.8
b – 0,55 0,05 0,06 0,003
b
6.8
c
8.8 Carbon steel with additives (for example 0,15d 0,40 0,035 0,035 0,003 425
B, Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered
Carbon steel quenched and tempered 0,25 0,55 0,035 0,035
d
9.8 Carbon steel with additives (for example 0,15 0,35 0,035 0,035 0,003 425
B, Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered
Carbon steel quenched and tempered 0,25 0,55 0,035 0,035
10.9
ef Carbon steel with additives (for example 0,15d 0,35 0,035 0,035 0,003 340
B, Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered
f
10.9 Carbon steel quenched and tempered 0,25 0,55 0,035 0,035 0,003 425
d
Carbon steel with additives (for example 0,20 0,55 0,035 0,035
B, Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered
Alloy steel quenched and tempered g 0,20 0,55 0,035 0,035
12.9
fhi
Alloy steel quenched and tempered g 0,28 0,50 0,035 0,035 0,003 380

a) Boron content can reach 0,005% provided that non-effective
boron is controlled by addition of titanium and/or aluminium.
b) Free cutting steel is allowed for these property classes with
the following maximum sulfur, phosphorus and lead contents:
sulfur 0,34%, phosphorus 0,11%, lead 0,35%.
c) For nominal diameters above 20 mm the steels specified for
property class 10.9 may be necessary in order to achieve
sufficient hardenability.
d) In case of plain carbon boron steel with a carbon content
below 0,25% (ladle analysis), the minimum manganese content
shall be 0,6% for property class 8.8 and 0,7% for 9.8, 10.9 and
10.9.
e) Products shall be additionally identified by underlining the
symbol of the property class. All properties of 10.9 as speci-
fied in table 11 shall be met by 10.9, however, its lower tempe-
ring temperature gives it different stress relaxation characteris-
tics at elevated temperatures.
Source: EN ISO 898-1.
f) For the materials of these property classes, it is intended that
there should be a sufficient hardenability to ensure a structure
consisting of approximately 90% martensite in the core of the
threaded sections for the fasteners in the "as-hardened" condi-
tion before tempering.
g) This alloy steel shall contain at least one of the following
elements in the minimum quantity given: chromium 0,30%,
nickel 0,30%, molybdenum 0,20%, vanadium 0,10%. Where
elements are specified in combinations of two, three or four
and have alloy contents less than those given above, the limit
value to be applied for class determination is 70% of the sum
of the individual limit values shown above for the two, three
or four elements concerned.
h) A metallographically detectable white phosphorus enriched
layer is not permitted for property class 12.9 on surfaces
subjected to tensile stress.
i) The chemical composition and tempering temperature are
under investigation.

Mechanical properties of fasteners

Set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under Set screws shall be made of steel conforming to the requi-
tensile stresses. rements specified in table 4.1.

Table 4.1 – Steel specifications

Property class Material Heat treatment Chemical composition, %
C P S
max. min. max. max.
1) 2)
14H Carbon steel _ 0,50 _ 0,11 0,15
3)
22H Carbon steel Quenched and tempered 0,50 _ 0,05 0,05
3)
33H Carbon steel Quenched and tempered 0,50 _ 0,05 0,05
3) 4)
45H Alloy steel Quenched and tempered 0,50 0,19 0,05 0,05
1) Free-cutting steel may be used, with lead content 0,35% max., 3) Steel with lead content 0,35% max. may be used.
phosphorus content 0,11 % max. and sulphur content 0,34% max.
4) Shall contain one or more of alloying elements chromium, nickel,
2) Case hardening is allowed in the case of square-head set screws. molybdenum, vanadin or boron.
Source: SS-ISO 898/5.

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Screws with metric ISO-thread
Excerpt from the Swedish and international standard
ISO 898-1 for screws with metric ISO-thread.
The international standard ISO 898-1 is intended to simplify
the entering of standardised mechanical properties and classes,
and also to be a practical aid in the daily work. Presented here
are the values for tensile loads, proof loads and yield loads.
All documentation is available in the Swedish standard.
Property classes
The property classes are represented with two numbers
separated by a dot. The standardised classes are: 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6,
5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9 and 12.9.
The first number indicates 1/100 of the nominal tensile strength
(Rm) in N/mm2.
The second number indicates 10 times the nominal yield stress
(ReL or Rp0,2) and nominal tensile strength (Rm).

ISO 898-1. Fasteners — Mechanical properties — If you multiply the two numbers you get 1/10 of the nominal yield
Part 1: Screws and stud bolts with metric ISO-thread. stress in N/mm2.

It applies to screws and stud bolts. Example for property class 8.8

• With nominal diameter up to 39 mm. Nominal tensile strength = 8 . 100 = 800 N/mm2.
• With triangular ISO-threads and with diameters and
splits according to SS 1700, SS 1701 and SS 2160. Nominal yield stress . 10 = 8
• In all existing shapes. Nominal tensile strength
• From non-alloyed or alloyed steel.
Nominal yield stress = 8 . 8 . 10 = 640 N/mm2.
It does not apply to set screws and similar fasteners. It does not
apply when special demands are made for weldability, corrosion
resistance and ability to resist temperatures above +300ºC or
below -50ºC.

Table 10 System of coordinates

Nominal tensile strength, Rm, nom N/mm2 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400

7
8
6.8 12.9
9
10.9
10
5.8 9.8a
12
8.8
14
Min. elongation after 4.8
fracture, Amin % 16

18

20
22 5.6
4.6
25
3.6
30

Relationship between yield stress and tensile strength

Second figure of symbol .6 .8 .9
b
Lower yield stress ReL
x 100 % 60 80 90
Nominal tensile strength Rm, nom
b
Stress at 0,2% non-proportional elongation Rp0.2
x 100 %
Nominal tensile strength Rm, nom

NOTE Although a great number of property classes are specified in classes is given in the relevant product standards. For non-standard
this part of ISO 898, this does not mean that all classes are appropriate items, it is advisable to follow as closely as possible the choice already
for all items. Further guidance for application of the specific property made for similar standard items.
a
Applies only to thread diameter d 16 mm.
b
Nominal values according to table 11 apply.

Source: EN ISO 898-1.

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Table 11 Mechanical and physical properties of bolts, screws and studs
Sub- Property class
clause Mechanical and physical property 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8a 9.8b 10.9 12.9
number d 16c d>16c
mm mm
5.1 Nominal tensile strength, Rm, nom N/mm2 300 400 500 600 800 800 900 1000 1200
d e
5.2 Minimum tensile strength, Rm, min N/mm2 330 400 420 500 520 600 800 830 900 1040 1220
Vickers hardness, HV min. 95 120 130 155 160 190 250 255 290 320 385
5.3
F 98 N max. 220f 250 320 335 360 380 435
5.4 Brinell hardness, HB min. 90 114 124 147 152 181 238 242 276 304 366
F = 30 D2 max. 209f 238 304 318 342 361 414
min. HRB 52 67 71 79 82 89 – – – – –
5.5 Rockwell hardness, HR HRC – – – – – – 22 23 28 32 39
max. HRB 95,0f 99,5 – – – – –
HRC – – 32 34 37 39 44
g
5.6 Surface hardness, HV 0,3 max. – 180
5.7 Lower yield stress nom. 240 320 300 400 480 – – – – –
h 2
ReL , N/mm min. 190 240 340 300 420 480 – – – – –
5.8 Stress at 0,2 % non-proportional nom. – – 640 640 720 900 1080
i
elongation Rp0,2 , N/mm2 min. – – 640 660 720 940 1100
5.9 Sp/ReL or Sp/Rp0,2 0,94 0,94 0,91 0,93 0,90 0,92 0,91 0,91 0,90 0,88 0,88
Stress under proof load, Sp N/mm2 180 225 310 280 380 440 580 600 650 830 970
5.10 Breaking torque, MB Nm min. – See ISO 898-7
5.11 Percent elongation after fracture, A min. 25 22 – 20 – – 12 12 10 9 8
5.12 Reduction area after fracture, Z % min. – 52 48 48 44
5.13 Strength under wedge loading e The values for full size bolts and screws (no studs) shall not be smaller than the min. values for tensile strength
shown in 5.2.
5.14 Impact strength, KU J min. – 25 – 30 30 25 20 15
5.15 Head soundness No fracture
5.16 Minimum height of non-decarburized 1 2 3
–
thread zone, E 2 H1 3 H1 4 H1
Maximum depth of complete mm
– 0,015
decarburization, G
5.17 Hardness after retempering – Reduction of hardness 20 HV maximum
5.18 Surface integrity In accordance with ISO 6157-1 or ISO 6157-3 as appropriate
a For bolts of property class 8.8 in diameters d 16 mm, there is an increased f A hardness reading taken at the end of bolts, screws and studs shall be 250 HV,
risk of nut stripping in the case of inadvertent over-tightening inducing a load in 238 HB or 99,5 HRB maximum.
excess of proof load. Reference to ISO 898-2 is recommended.
g Surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured
b Applies only to nominal thread diameters d 16 mm. core hardness on the product when readings of both surface and core are
carried out at HV 0,3. For property class 10.9, any increase in hardness at the
c For structural bolting the limit is 12 mm. surface which indicates that the surface hardness exceeds 390 HV is not
acceptable.
d Minimum tensile properties apply to products of nominal length I 2,5 d.
Minimum hardness applies to products of length I < 2,5 d and other h In cases where the lower yield stress R cannot be determined, it is permissible
eL
products which cannot be tensile-tested (e.g. due to head configuration). to measure the stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation Rp0.2. For the property
classes 4.8, 5.8 and 6.8 the values for ReL are given for calculation purposes only,
e When testing full-size bolts, screws and studs, the tensile loads, which are to be they are not test values.
applied for the calculation of Rm, shall meet the values given in tables 14 and 16.
i The yield stress ratio according to the designation of the property class and the
Source: EN ISO 898-1. minimum stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation Rp0.2 apply to machined test
specimens. These values if received from tests of full size bolts and screws will vary
because of processing method and size effects.

Table 11.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - set screws and similar threaded
fasteners not under tensile stresses
Property class*
Mechanical properties
14H 22H 33H 45H
min. 140 220 330 450
Vickers hardness HV
max. 290 300 440 560
min. 133 209 314 428
Brinell hardness HB, F = 30 D2
max. 276 285 418 532
min. 75 95 – –
HRB
max. 105 – – –
Rockwell hardness
min. – – 33 45
HRC
max. – 30 44 53

Minimum height of non-decarburized thread zone, E 1 H 2 H 3 H

–
2 1 3 1 4 1
Maximum depth of complete decarburization, G mm – 0,015 0,015 **
Surface hardness HV 0,3 max. – 320 450 580
* Classes 14H, 22H and 33H are not for hexagon socket set screws.
** No complete decarburization permitted in property class 45H.

Source: SS-ISO 898/5.

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Table 14 Min. tensile loads, metric ISO coarse threads
Nominal Property class
Thread stress 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
d area As
Min. tensile load (As . Rm), N
mm2
M3 5,03 1 660 2 010 2 110 2 510 2 620 3 020 4 020 4 530 5 230 6 140
M3,5 6,78 2 240 2 710 2 850 3 390 3 530 4 070 5 420 6 100 7 050 8 270
M4 8,78 2 900 3 510 3 690 4 390 4 570 5 270 7 020 7 900 9 130 10 700

M5 14,2 4 690 5 680 5 960 7 100 7 380 8 520 11 350 12 800 14 800 17 300
M6 20,1 6 630 8 040 8 440 10 000 10 400 12 100 16 100 18 100 20 900 24 500
M7 28,9 9 540 11 600 12 100 14 400 15 000 17 300 23 100 26 000 30 100 35 300

M8 36,6 12 100 14 600 15 400 18 300 19 000 22 000 29 200 32 900 38 100 44 600
M10 58,0 19 100 23 200 24 400 29 000 30 200 34 800 46 400 52 200 60 300 70 800
M12 84,3 27 800 33 700 35 400 42 200 43 800 50 600 67 4001 75 900 87 700 103 000

M14 115 38 000 46 000 48 300 57 500 59 800 69 000 92 0001 104 000 120 000 140 000
M16 157 51 800 62 800 65 900 78 500 81 600 94 000 125 0001 141 000 163 000 192 000
M18 192 63 400 76 800 80 600 96 000 99 800 115 000 159 000 — 200 000 234 000

M20 245 80 800 98 000 103 000 122 000 127 000 147 000 203 000 — 255 000 299 000
M22 303 100 000 121 000 127 000 152 000 158 000 182 000 252 000 — 315 000 370 000
M24 353 116 000 141 000 148 000 176 000 184 000 212 000 293 000 — 367 000 431 000

M27 459 152 000 184 000 193 000 230 000 239 000 275 000 381 000 — 477 000 560 000
M30 561 185 000 224 000 236 000 280 000 292 000 337 000 466 000 — 583 000 684 000
M33 694 229 000 278 000 292 000 347 000 361 000 416 000 576 000 — 722 000 847 000

M36 817 270 000 327 000 343 000 408 000 425 000 490 000 678 000 — 850 000 997 000
M39 976 322 000 390 000 410 000 488 000 508 000 586 000 810 000 — 1 020 000 1 200 000

1) Valid values for structural screws are 70 000, 95 500 and 130 000 N respectively.

Table 16 Min. tensile loads, metric ISO fine threads

Nominal Property class
Thread stress 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
d area As
Min. tensile load (As . Rm), N
mm2
M 8 x 1 39,2 12 900 15 700 16 500 19 600 20 400 23 500 31 360 35 300 40 800 47 800
M 10 x 1 64,5 21 300 25 800 27 100 32 300 33 500 38 700 51 600 58 100 67 100 78 700
M 12 x 1,5 88,1 29 100 35 200 37 000 44 100 45 800 52 900 70 500 79 300 91 600 107 500
M 14 x 1,5 125 41 200 50 000 52 500 62 500 65 000 75 000 100 000 112 000 130 000 152 000
M 16 x 1,5 167 55 100 66 800 70 100 83 500 86 800 100 000 134 000 150 000 174 000 204 000
M 18 x 1,5 216 71 300 86 400 90 700 108 000 112 000 130 000 179 000 – 225 000 264 000
M 20 x 1,5 272 89 800 109 000 114 000 136 000 141 000 163 000 226 000 – 283 000 332 000
M 22 x 1,5 333 110 000 133 000 140 000 166 000 173 000 200 000 276 000 – 346 000 406 000
M 24 x 2 384 127 000 154 000 161 000 192 000 200 000 230 000 319 000 – 399 000 469 000
M 27 x 2 496 164 000 194 000 208 000 248 000 258 000 298 000 412 000 – 516 000 605 000
M 30 x 2 621 205 000 248 000 261 000 310 000 323 000 373 000 515 000 – 646 000 758 000
M 33 x 2 761 251 000 304 000 320 000 380 000 396 000 457 000 632 000 – 791 000 928 000
M 36 x 3 865 285 000 346 000 363 000 432 000 450 000 519 000 718 000 – 900 000 1 055 000
M 39 x 3 1030 340 000 412 000 433 000 515 000 536 000 618 000 855 000 – 1 070 000 1 260 000

Table 58 Min. tensile loads for hot dip galvanized screws and nuts
Property class
Stress area screw and nut
Thread Pitch AS min 4/4.6 5/5.6 8/8.8 10/10.9
d P Min. tensile loads for screw and nut
mm2 (AS min . Rm)
N
M6 1 16,4 6 560 8 200 13 100 17 100
M8 1,25 31,3 12 500 15 700 25 000 32 600
M 10 1,5 50,9 20 400 25 500 40 700 52 900
M 12 1,75 75,1 30 000 37 600 60 100 78 100
M 14 2 104 41 600 52 000 83 200 108 000
M 16 2 144 57 600 72 000 115 000 150 000
M 18 2,5 177 70 800 88 500 147 000 184 000
M 20 2,5 227 90 800 114 000 188 000 236 000
M 22 2,5 284 114 000 142 000 236 000 295 000
M 24 3 329 132 000 165 000 273 000 342 000
M 27 3 433 173 000 216 000 359 000 450 000
M 30 3,5 530 212 000 265 000 440 000 551 000
M 33 3,5 659 264 000 330 000 547 000 685 000
M 36 4 777 311 000 389 000 645 000 808 000

Our fasteners meet the demands set by DIN 267/10.

206
Table 190 Minimum ultimate tensile loads for hexagon socket countersunk head screws
acc. to ISO 10642 (80% of the values specified in ISO 898-1)
Property class
Thread 8.8 10.9 12.9
d Minimum ultimate tensile load
N
M3 3 220 4 180 4 910
M4 5 620 7 300 8 560
M5 9 080 11 800 13 800
M6 12 900 16 700 19 600
M8 23 400 30 500 35 700
M10 37 100 48 200 56 600
M12 53 900 70 200 82 400
M14 73 600 96 000 112 000
M16 100 000 130 000 154 000
M20 162 000 204 000 239 000

Table 93 Qualities at increased temperature

Property class Temperature °C
+20 +100 +200 +250 +300
Lower yield stress, ReL, or
Extension limit, RpO,2
2
N/mm

5.6 300 270 230 215 195

8.8 640 590 540 510 480

10.9 940 875 790 745 705

12.9 1100 1020 925 875 825

Values specified in the table are only a guideline, and of the ultimate tensile stress at increased temperatures.
approximate information of the decrease in the mechani- The values should not be used as requirements when
cal features that could be expected when performing tests testing screws and stud screws.

Table 13 Translation of property (ISO class - Grade class)

Old corresponding property classes in
ISO-
class Sweden Germany U.K. U.S.

3.6 D40 4A
4.6 D40 4D, 4P A, B SAE grade 1

4.8 4S
5.6 5D SAE grade 2

5.8 D60 5S, 6G P SAE grade 3

6.8 D60 6S

8.8 D80 6G S, T SAE grade 5

9.8 D100

10.9 D120 10K V SAE grade 8

12.9 D140 12K X ASTM A574

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