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Duct Design PDF
Duct Design PDF
Pv = ρ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ Pv in Pa and V in m/s
⎝ 1.414 ⎠ ⎝ 1.29 ⎠
P01 = P02 + ∆Pf
ρgl f
∆Pf = Pressure loss between 1 and 2
gc 3 4
Moody Diagram
Major losses in duct
L V2
∆Pf = f ρ
D 2g
1 ⎡ 12e 2.51 ⎤
= −2 log10 ⎢ + ⎥
f ⎢⎣ 3.7 D Re D f ⎥⎦
F = friction factor=f(Re, roughness)
e is the pipe roughness
5 6
1 Duct Design
7 8
(ab )5 / 8
2-The chart has 4 parameters: pressure drop, air flow rate,
air velocity, and duct diameter
De = 1.3
3-Knowing two of these parameters, one can get the other
two parameters (a + b )1/ 4
4-The given duct size is for circular pipe. Use the equivalent
table or equation to find the size of the rectangular duct
De equivalent diameter
9 10
0.9 0.1
⎛ρ ⎞ ⎛ µa ⎞
C = ⎜⎜ a ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ρs ⎠ ⎝ µs ⎠
∆P0 a = C∆P0 s
11 12
2 Duct Design
B-Correction due to duct liners Non-circular duct
ρVD VD
Re D = =
µ ν
ρVDh VDh
Re Dh = =
µ ν
Roughness correction factor
for commercial duct liners 13 14
ρV 2
You can enter the chart knowing the CFM and ∆P = C0 = C0 Pv
pressure loss to get duct size in diameters and air 2g
velocity
If you know the flow rate and rectangular cross
section velocity, then calculate V and enter the chart Tables to finds Co for different fittings
using V and Dh
15 16
Table 12.8 C
17 18
3 Duct Design
19 20
21 22
23 24
4 Duct Design
Example 12.8
Equivalent of a minor loss in terms of
Compute the pressure loss due to a round 90° diverging section. The common
section is 12”, and the straight through section is 10 “. The flow rate in the
straight pipe length
common section is 1100 cfm, the flow rate in the branch is 250 cfm.
Major loss
c Straight section Branch section
s L V2
Vs =
Qs
= 1558 ft/min Vb =
Qb
= 1273 ft/min ∆PL = f ρ
As Ab D 2g
Qs 850 Qb 250
= = 0.77 = = 0.23
b Qc 1100 Qc 1100
As Ab
= 0.25 Minor losses (losses in fittings)
= 0.69 Ac
Ac
V2
From fig. 12.11B
∆P0 = Cρ
Cs=0.14 Cb =1.55 2g
⎡ V ⎤
2 L C
=
2
⎡ V ⎤
∆P0 s = Cs ⎢ s ⎥ = 0.021 in H 2O ∆P0b = Cb ⎢ b ⎥ = 0.16" H 2O
⎣ 4005 ⎦ ⎣ 4005 ⎦ D f
25 26
27 28
Example 12.9
Compute Le for duct system Duct accessories
shown in figure
1- Dampers (Parallel blades and opposed blades)
2-Fire dampers
3-Turnning vanes (linear and aerofoil)
5 Duct Design
Pressure Pressure diagrams
diagram Energy grade line EGL=Total Hydraulic grade line EGL=static
pressure=Po pressure, Ps
-0.04 31 32
Pressure diagrams
Duct design methods
33 34
35 36
6 Duct Design
Summary of results for Example 12.11
Example 12.11
Section Q (cfm) D (in) V (ft/min) Le ∆P
Available pressure is 0.12 in ∆P0 / L
H2O (30 Pa). Loss in diffuser 1 500 12 650 0.058 50 0.029
is 0.02 in H2O (5 Pa). 2 350 10 650 0.07 23 0.016
37 15 0.029+0.036=0.065 38
Example 12.12
Balanced Capacity method
For section 4
For section 5
Recommended velocity
7 Duct Design