Glycolysis and

Electron Transport Chain

By Khaisin, Gratia, Afifah,

Dennis, Rizky, Meilyn and
Steven
Aerobic Respiration
• Aerobic respiration has 3 steps

➢ Glycolysis

➢ Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

➢ Electron Transport Chain (Cytochrome system)

Glycolysis
• In organisms that perform cellular respiration, glycolysis is the first stage of
this process. However, glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen, and many
anaerobic organisms—organisms that do not use oxygen—also have this
pathway.
• It takes place in the cytoplasm
• The word glycolysis means “glucose splitting,” which is exactly what
happens in this stage.
• Glycolysis is the breakdown of
6-carbon glucose into two
3-carbon pyruvates.

• During the breakdown, 2 ATP is

used while 4 ATP and 2 NADH
(which is later used in electron
transport chain) is produced.

• Therefore there is a net gain of

2 ATP from the Glycolysis Process
 Glucose
C-C-C-C-C-C

Uses 2 NET Gain:

ATP
2 ATP + 2 NADH
Pyruvate Pyruvate
C-C-C C-C-C

2 ATP 2 ATP
NADH NADH
ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
● The electron transport chain is the last stage of the respiration pathway and is the stage that produces
the most ATP molecules.
● The electron transport chain is a collection of proteins found on the inner membrane of mitochondria.
These protein complexes exist in a descending order of energy.
● ETC occurs in the mitochondria
● NADH and FADH2 release the electrons into the transport chain.

NAD : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride

FADH : flavin adenine dinucleotide

 Electron Transport Chain
1. NAD and FAD are reduced when they then donate electrons to the first molecule
in the electron transport chain
2. This releases protons (H+) which are then actively transported across the inner
mitochondrial membrane
3. Meanwhile, the electrons pass along the chain of electron transport chain. The
electrons lose energy as they travel down the chain and some of this energy is
used to combine ADP and Pi to form ATP. The rest is released a heat.
4. Protons (H+) accumulate in intermembrane space before they diffuse back into
the mitochondrial matrix through special channel proteins called ATP synthase.
5. At the end of the chain, the electrons combine with the protons (H+) and oxygen
to make water. O2 is the final acceptor of electrons in ETC.
6. 4 ATP was made during glycolysis and krebs cycle while electron transport add
it up to 38 ATPs
7. 10 NADH each converts to 3 ATPs and 2 FADH contributes 1 ATP each which adds up
to 38 ATPs