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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320 EXCAVATOR 2DL
Configuration: 320, 320L TRACK-TYPE EXCAVATORS 2DL00001-00213
(MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 ENGINE

Testing and Adjusting

320 AND 320 L EXCAVATORS ATTACHMENTS
Media Number -SENR5460-00 Publication Date -25/07/1994 Date Updated -11/10/2001

Testing And Adjusting

Troubleshooting
NOTE: This section covers testing and adjusting procedures for the attachments, or attachment components,
discussed in this module. For testing and adjusting information for the other components refer to the testing and
adjusting module in the service manual for the machine being worked on.

Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic systems after the
engine and pump have been stopped. Serious injury can be caused if
this pressure is not released before any service is done on the hydraulic
systems. To prevent possible injury, refer to section, Release Of
Pressure In The Hydraulic System, before any fitting, hose or
component is loosened, tightened, removed or adjusted.

When possible, the bucket must always be lowered to the ground before service is started. When it is necessary
for the boom to be in the raised position while tests or adjustments are done, be sure that boom, stick and bucket
have correct support.

Swing lock must be engaged before service is started.

Always move the machine to a location away from the travel of other machines. Be sure that other personnel are
not near the machine when the engine is running and tests or adjustments are being made.

Release Of Pressure In The Hydraulic System

Release the pressure in the implements hydraulic circuits (boom, stick and bucket) before any hydraulic lines or
components are disconnected or removed.

1. Fully retract the rod in the stick cylinder.

2. Adjust the position of the bucket so that it will be flat on the ground.

3. Lower the boom until the bucket is flat on the ground.

4. Shut off the engine and put the hydraulic activation control lever in the UNLOCK position.

5. Move the control levers for boom, bucket, stick and swing to all FULL STROKE positions. This will relieve
any pressure that might be present in the pilot system.
6. Slowly loosen the air vent plug on the hydraulic tank and release the pressure.

7. Tighten the air vent plug on the hydraulic tank.

8. The pressure in the system should now be released and lines and components can be removed.

NOTE: The boom cylinder lines may still have some oil pressure if equipped with boom lowering check
attachment. There are bleed valves at the boom cylinders that can be opened to relieve any oil pressure that may
remain.

Visual Checks
A visual inspection of the system is the first step when troubleshooting a problem. Make the inspection with the
engine OFF and the Implements lowered to the ground.

1. Check the level of the oil in the hydraulic tank. Slowly loosen the tank filler cap and release the pressure
before the cap is removed.

2. Remove the filter element and check it for material that would give an indication of damage to a component.

3. Inspect all lines and connections for damage or leaks.

4. Inspect control linkage for bent, broken or damaged components.

Checks During Operation

The checks during operation can be used to find leakage in the system. They can also be used to find a valve or
pump that is not working correctly. The speed of rod movement or the torque on a motor can be used to check
the condition of the cylinders, motors and the pumps.

Raise and lower the boom. Move the stick in and out. Open and close the bucket. Move the swing control for
right and left swing. Do each of these operations several times.

1. Pilot system operation. Since the pilot system controls the movement of spools in the main control valve, it is
important the pressure and flow of oil from the pumps be according to specifications. The pressure in the pilot
system is controlled by the pilot relief valve.

2. During all machine operations, a main relief valve pressure setting that is low will result in increased cycle
times and/or the sound of the main relief valve opening.

3. A main relief pressure that is too high will cause decreased in the service life of hoses and components.

4. For individual circuit operation, a line relief valve pressure setting that is too low will result in increased
cycle times and/or the sound of the relief valve opening for that circuit.

5. Check cycle times for each of the circuits: boom, bucket, stick and swing. Cycle times that are longer than
those shown in the specification, see Operational Tests in the specific service manual module for the machine
being worked on, could be the result of insufficient pilot system pressure, leakage past cylinder seals, pump
wear, pump speed (rpm), faulty relief valve (main or line) or pump control system adjustment.

6. Drift rate for the boom, bucket and stick circuit are greater than those shown in Operational Tests in
Hydraulic System Testing And Adjusting for the machine being worked on.

Circuit drift (drifting) is caused by leakage past cylinder pistons, O-ring seals in the control valves, check valves
or makeup valves that do not seat correctly. Poor adjustment or fit in the pilot and main control valves will also
cause drifting.
7. Check machine travel circuits. Operate the machine in the FORWARD and REVERSE direction without
moving the control lever for steering. If the machine does not travel in a straight line, there could be a problem
with the negative flow control signal to the pumps, motor wear or a line relief valve that is not operating
correctly.

Line Relief Pressure Setting In The Single Action

Attachment Circuit
This section covers both the former 6E2471 Pilot Relief Valve Group and the new 4I8700 Pilot Relief Valve
group. Follow Steps 1 through 4 for either valve and then continue with the specific procedure.

The line relief valve pressure setting in the single action attachment circuit is set to 17 700 ± 490 kPa (2550 ±
70 psi) at a flow rate of 150 L/min (40 gpm).

Specification of pressure, flow rate, engine rpm may vary with attachment types and/or suppliers. It is very
important to follow supplier specifications. Failure to do so could result in poor level performance of the
attachment.

It is important to record the appropriate engine speed where the respective specifications were obtained. Use the
engine speed recorded to operate the attachment for best performance.

NOTE: Before starting adjustment of the line relief valve, be sure to check the following:

Action alarm lamp (1) for controller (2) comes on in green.

Controller alarm indicator and monitor alarm indicator (4) on monitor panel (3) indicates normal (OFF).

Controller Compartment
(1) Alarm lamp indicator. (2) Controller.

Right Console
(3) Monitor panel. (4) Controller alarm indicator and monitor alarm indicator.
Flow Meter
(5) Supply line to attachment. (6) Return lines from attachment. (7) Flow meter. (8) Valve.

1. Install supply line to attachment (5) to the input of the portable flow meter (7).

2. Attach return line from attachment (6) to the output of the portable flow meter (7).

Pump Compartment
(A) Upper pump pressure tap.

3. Attach a 34 400 kPa (5000 psi) pressure gauge to upper pump pressure tap (A).

4. Install multitach group on the engine.

Adjustment Procedure For Pilot Relief Valve Group (6E2471)

(9) Line relief valve. (10) Locknut. (11) Cap nut.

1. Loosen locknut (10). Loosen cap nut (11), but do not remove.

NOTE: Removing the cap nut allows the relief valve to come apart
2. Be sure that the flow meter is in the FULLY OPEN position.

3. Start the engine and get the hydraulic oil temperature to 50° ± 5°C (131° ± 9°F).

4. Place the power mode switch in MODE II position and the engine speed dial in HIGH IDLE position "10".

5. Depress and hold the attachment control pedal for the rest of this test.

6. Slowly turn the flow meter flow valve (8) clockwise to decrease flow. Record the flow meter reading when
the pressure reading at pressure tap (A) reaches the pressure point specified by the supplier of the attachment to
be used.

7. If the flow measurement is not above or does not meet supplier specification go to Step 8. If the flow
measurement in Step 6 meets or is below the supplier specification do the following:

a. Slowly turn adjustment cap nut (11) counterclockwise. Stop turning when the flow meter reading starts
to drop.

b. Now turn cap nut (11) clockwise until the flow rate reaches the recorded reading obtained above.

NOTE: It would be impossible to get the specified relief pressure setting with the flow rate specified by the
supplier.

c. Tighten locknut (10) to a torque of 61 ± 6 N·m (45 ± 4 lb ft) to hold cap nut (11) in place.

d. At this time stop flow through the flow meter. Read the pressure at pressure tap (A) which will be the
line relief valve pressure setting in the attachment circuit.

8. If the flow measurement is above the specification do the following:

a. Turn the engine speed dial to LOW IDLE position and then gradually increase engine speed until the
flow rate specified by the supplier is obtained.

b. Record the speed dial position.

c. Slowly turn cap nut (11) counterclockwise. Stop turning when the flow meter reading starts to drop.

d. Turn cap nut (11) clockwise until flow through flow meter meets supplier specification.

e. Tighten locknut (10) to a torque of 61 ± 6 N·m (45 ± 4 lb ft) to hold cap nut (11) in place.

f. At this time stop flow through the flow meter. Read the pressure at pressure tap (A) which will be the
line relief valve pressure setting in the attachment circuit.

Adjustment Procedure For Pilot Relief Valve Group (4I8700)

(9) Line relief valve. (10) Locknut. (11) Cap nut. (12) Adjustment screw.

1. Loosen locknut (10) and remove cap nut (11).

2. Be sure that the flow meter is in the FULLY OPEN position.

3. Start the engine and get the hydraulic oil temperature to 50° ± 5°C (131° ± 9°F).

4. Place the power mode switch in MODE II position and the engine speed dial in HIGH IDLE position "10".

5. Depress and hold the attachment control pedal for the rest of this test.

6. Slowly turn the flow meter flow valve (8) clockwise to decrease flow. Record the flow meter reading when
the pressure reading at pressure tap (A) reaches the pressure point specified by the supplier of the attachment to
be used.

7. If the flow measurement is not below or does not meet supplier specification go to Step 8. If the flow
measurement in Step 6 meets or is below the supplier specification do the following:

a. Slowly turn adjustment screw (12) counterclockwise. Stop turning when the flow meter reading starts
to drop.

b. Now turn adjustment screw (12) clockwise until the flow rate reaches the recorded reading obtained
above.

NOTE: It would be impossible to get the specified relief pressure setting with the flow rate specified by the
supplier.

c. Screw cap nut (11) onto adjustment screw (12). Tighten locknut (10) to a torque of 20 ± 2 N·m (15 ± 1
lb ft) to hold cap nut (11) in place.

d. At this time stop flow through the flow meter. Read the pressure at pressure tap (A) which will be the
line relief valve pressure setting in the attachment circuit.

8. If the flow measurement is above the specification do the following:

a. Turn the engine speed dial to LOW IDLE position and then gradually increase engine speed until the
flow rate specified by the supplier is obtained.
 b. Record the speed dial position.

c. Slowly adjustment screw (12) counterclockwise. Stop turning when the flow meter reading starts to
drop.

d. Turn adjustment screw (12) clockwise until flow through flow meter meets supplier specification.

e. Screw cap nut (11) onto adjustment screw (12). Tighten locknut (10) to a torque of 20 ± 2 N·m (15 ±
1.5 lb ft) to hold cap nut (11) in place.

f. At this time stop flow through the flow meter. Read the pressure at pressure tap (A) which will be the
line relief valve pressure setting in the attachment circuit.

Boom Lowering Check Valve

Test Boom Cylinder Drift
1. Start the engine.

2. Fully extend the bucket cylinder.

3. Fully retract the stick cylinder.

4. Raise the boom until the booms upper surface becomes parallel to the ground and stop the engine.

5. Leave the machine in this position for 3 minutes.

6. Measure the boom cylinder drift. The drift rate of the boom cylinder should be less than 2.0 mm/min (.08
in/min).

Test Manual Boom Lower Function

1. Start the engine.

2. Fully extend the bucket cylinder.

3. Fully retract the stick cylinder.

4. Raise the boom until the booms upper surface becomes parallel to the ground and stop the engine.

NOTE: The following steps must be done to the right and left check and relief valve at the same time.

5. Loosen locknut (1) on both valves.

6. Slowly loosen screw (2) on both valves.

7. The boom should lower slowly and no oil leakage should be seen.

NOTE: A small amount of oil at screw (2) is not an indication of a problem.

Check And Relief Valve
(1) Locknut. (2) Screw.

Test Boom Cylinder Head End Relief Valve

See Testing And Adjusting, Form SENR5456.

Fine Swing
Fine Swing Function
To check the function of the fine swing control stop the swing operation and turn the fine swing control switch
ON. A very small amount of swing drift should be seen when the switch is turned ON.

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