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MGT502 Organizational Behavior

All Midterm Solved Paper in one File
Spring 2010
MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 1)
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which mone mof mthe mfollowing mis mnot mconsidered mas ma mpart mof
organizational output?
_ Finished goods
_ Services
_ Dividends
_ Capital

Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?
_ Job satisfaction
_ Job Involvement
_ Organizational Behavior
_ Organizational co itment

Which of the following is NOT included in the ways employees can
express dissatisfaction?
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_ Exit
_ Voice
_ Loyalty
_ Noise

Which dimension of the Big Five odel refers to be pleasant and
accommodating in social situations?
_ Extroversion
_ Openness to experience
_ Emotional stability
_ Agreeableness

Which of the following is NOT a key component of emotional
intelligence?
_ Self-awareness
_ Self-management
_ Commitment
_ Empathy

What effect does stress typically have on mood?
_ Positive
_ Negative
_ Unbiased
_ No effect

It is not possible for Mr. Asim to understand everything he sees, he
notices a few of the things, we can say that he engages in:
_ Assimilating
_ Selective perception
_ Halo Effect
_ Target Perception

The ost well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow’s
__ ______ _______.
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_ Theories x and y
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_ Hierarchy of needs
_ Goal setting theory
_ Equity theory

Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer’s
__ ______ _____ needs.
_ Existence
_ Relatedness
_ Esteem
_ Growth

Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-
setting theory?
_ Defining the goal

_ Goal difficulty
_ Goal specificity
_ Equity among co-workers

What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where
employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?
_ MBO program
_ Gain sharing plan
_ Employee stock ownership plan m
_ Piece-rate plan

What happens in the second stage of group development?
_ Close relationships are developed

_ The group demonstrates cohesiveness
_ Intra-group conflict often occurs
_ The job task is performed

Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision
aking?
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_ More knowledge through pooling of group resources
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_ More amount of time is required to make a decision

_ Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions
_ Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages

Which of the following is traditionally followed by the formal channels
of co unication within an organization?
_ Authority chain
_ Influence chain
_ Transmission chain
_ Social chain

Clarification to employees about how well they are doing, and what
can be done to improve performance, are examples of which function
of co unication?
_ Information
_ Control
_ Motivation
_ Emotional expression

The _____ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction.
_ Direct
_ Circle
_ Wheel
_ All-channel

A co unication channel with greater channel richness is most likely
to provide:
_ Greater feedback density

_ Greater filtering capability
_ Greater perceptual wellness
_ Larger amounts of information

The study of organizational behavior is primarily concerned with all of
the following dynamics in organizations EXCEPT:
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_ Interpersonal
_ Behavioral
_ Astrology
_ Psychosocial

How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?
_ As a product of heredity
_ As a function of one’s power need
_ As the result of a cognitive process
_ As environmentally caused

Which of the following is true for the people who adopt a thinking
style based on logics and rationality?
_ They process information serially

_ They perceive things as a whole
_ They perceive things on the basis of past experiences
_ Their decisions depend upon situation

Sheraz wants to become a surgeon, not only because achieving this
goal will give him self-respect and autonomy, but also because he
wants a job with high status and recognition from others. Which of
Maslow’s needs is Sheraz trying to meet?
_ Self-actualization
_ Social
_ Esteem
_ Safety

Teams are very useful in which of the following situations?
_ The work to be performed is very basic

_ The tasks are interrelated
_ No one wants to be accountable
_ The group is homogeneous

All of the following are studied in Organizational Behavior, EXCEPT
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_ Human behaviors in organizations
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_ International trade laws

_ Organizational culture
_ The relationship between people and organizations

Which of the following behavior of an individual makes a positive
contribution to an organization?
_ Motivational behavior
_ Performance behavior
_ Organizational citizenship
_ Perceptive contribution

CEO of a computer manufacturing organization rewards his employees
with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or
organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of
shaping behavior?
_ Positive reinforcement
_ Negative reinforcement
_ Punishment
_ Extinction

The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay
for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of
which of the following method of shaping behavior?
_ Punishment
_ Extinction

The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while
establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But
he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate
finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of
the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?
_ Agreeableness
_ Emotional Stability
_ Conscientiousness
_ Extroversion

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Mr. Ahmed started his career as a clerk, now after 6 years of hard
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work he has earned the position of finance manager. He believes that

all his success is because of his own hard work and devotion. Ahmed
has:
_ Self-efficacy
_ Internal locus of control
_ Emotional intelligence
_ High self-esteem

Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?
_ Anger
_ Sadness
_ Pride
_ Disgust

Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the
required competencies of managers?
_ Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills
_ Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills
_ Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills
_ Motivating skills, intrapersonal skills and conceptual skills

The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:
_ Have complete information
_ Are motivated by greed
_ Are often distracted by the environment
_ Are subjective

Mr. Ahmad is HR manager in an organization. He has ten employees
who directly report to him. They are the part of which of the following
group?
_ Command group
_ Task group
_ Friendship group
_ Interest group
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Which of the following is a structured approach to decision aking
that focuses on generating alternatives silently, prevents criticism of
alternatives, and uses a voting process to identify group choices?
_ Devil's advocacy
_ The Delphi technique
_ Dialectical inquiry
_ The nominal group

Which of the following determines requirements of organization
conversion process?
_ Machinery, computers and human skills
_ Raw material and capital
_ Finished products and services
_ HR and information system
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )

Discuss when formal leadership may not be that important?

List and explain different barriers to effective communication.

It is argued that ost of the time managers use rational decision
aking model when risk is high. Do you agree with this statement or
not? Give logical reasons to support your answer.
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MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47

Mr. Hussain is a salesperson. He remembers the names of his
customers easily because he is able to retain and recall past
experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of
intellectual ability?
_ Memory
_ Number Aptitude
_ Deductive Reasoning
_ Perceptual speed

Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused
him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he
feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning
theory?
_ Classical conditioning
_ Social learning
_ Operant conditioning
_ Reinforcement theory

Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:
_ Attitude
_ Value
_ Ethics
_ Custom
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Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of
attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions?
_ Moods
_ Behaviors
_ Values
_ Customs

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the
difference between men and women when it comes to emotional
reactions?
_ Women show greater emotional expression
_ Men express emotions more intensely
_ Men express anger more frequently
_ Women may have a greater need for social approval

Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-
setting theory?
_ Defining the goal

_ Goal difficulty
_ Goal specificity
_ Equity among co-workers

Which of the following is NOT a comparison an employee can use in
equity theory?
_ Self-inside
_ Self-goal
_ Other-outside
_ Self-outside

Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic
factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?
_ Advancement
_ Working condition
_ Achievement www.virtualians.pk
_ Recognition
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Which of the following is a direct onetary incentive given by the
organizations to its employees?
_ Promotion
_ Gain sharing
_ Flexible work hours
_ Appreciation certificate

When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has
oved to the _____________ stage.
_ Storming
_ Norming
_ Maturation
_ Performing

Which of the following statement best defines leadership?
_ Implementing the strategy provided by management

_ Least concerned in bringing organizational change
_ Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems
_ The ability to influence a group in goal achievement

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader’s
behavior is directed toward getting the job done is called:
_ Initiating structure
_ Consideration
_ Maximization
_ Path-goal

According to the University of Michigan studies, which of the following
is used to define a leader who takes personal interest in the needs of
his/her subordinates?
_________Situation-oriented
_________Employee-oriented
_________Production- oriented
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_________Task-oriented
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Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance
procedures are examples of:
_________Downward co unication
_________Horizontal communication
_________Upward communication
_________Lateral co unication

Which of the following is the most effective communication network
for facilitating the emergence of a leader?
_________Chain
_________All-channel
_________Wheel
_________Direct

Asad telephones his employee, Usman, to let him know that today’s
eeting has been moved to one o’clock. In the co unication
process, Asad is:
_________The sender
_________The receiver
_________The channel
_________The encoder

Which one of the following statement is NOT true regarding the
relationship between age and job performance?
_________Older workers bring to their job: experience,
judgment and strong work ethics
_________Older workers have more co itment to quality
_________Older workers are perceived as flexible and welcome
new technologies
_________Older workers are perceived as lacking flexibility and
resistant to new technologies

Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something
unpleasant is called _________.
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_________Positive reinforcement
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_________Extinction
_________Negative reinforcement
_________Punishment

Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is
experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?
_________Felt
_________Displayed
_________Conditional
_________Exposed

Which of the following is least accurate about Ohio-State Study?
_________High-high styles sometimes had negative

relationship
_________High-high leaders generally had superior subordinate
performance
_________High initiating structure is positively related to
grievances
_________High consideration is positively related to manager’s
evaluation

Organizations that do not pay attention to diversity may face all of the
following problems, Except:
_________Lower productivity
_________Increased tensions among workers
_________Decreased turnover
_________Increased complaints

shaping behavior?
_________Punishment
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_________Extinction
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The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay
for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of
which of the following method of shaping behavior?
_________Punishment
_________Extinction

Action of a person consistent with one's personal values and the
commonly held values of the organization and society is called which
of the following behavior?
_________Legal behavior
_________Ethical behavior
_________Cognitive behavior
_________Loyal behavior

Which of the following component of an attitude includes beliefs,
opinions and information that a person has about the object he
observed?
_________Affective
_________Behavioral
_________Cognitive
_________Terminal

The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while
establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But
he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate
finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of
the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?
_________Agreeableness
_________Emotional Stability
_________Conscientiousness
_________Extroversion

Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?
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_________Anger
_________Sadness
_________Pride
_________Disgust

Which of the following is the study of social system such as families,
occupational classes and organizations ?
_________Psychology
_________Sociology
_________Anthropology
_________Social Psychology

In an interview, the interviewer's first impression of the interviewee
(or target) is likely to be based upon:
_________Nonverbal cues of the target

_________Verbal co unication by the target
_________The intentions of the target
_________The target's physical appearance

The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:
_________Have complete information

_________Are motivated by greed
_________Are often distracted by the environment
_________Are subjective

In decision making process when managers define their limits and
ake their decision within the limits, it is called:
_________Bounded rationality
_________Optimal decision making
_________Intuitive decision making
_________Rational decision making
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People with which of the following decision making style work well
with others and enjoy social interactions?
_________Behavioral
_________Directive
_________Analytical
_________Conceptual

Mr. Zia is directly involved in the production of the automobiles. He is
facing low motivation due to repetitive tasks. His manager changes his
responsibilities and now he has to perform different tasks. His
otivation has increased because of which of the following strategy?
_________Job enrichment
_________Job enlargement
_________Job sharing
_________Job rotation

All of the following are examples of downward communication flow
EXCEPT:
_________Managers informing employees of procedures

_________Managers pointing out problems that need attention
_________Employees completing attitude surveys
_________Managers telling employees to work more quickly

How the barriers of co unication can be minimized or eliminated?
These barriers can be eliminated or minimized by increasing the
readability of and clarity of written co unication and by improving
the quality of electronic devices and other communication devices. Use
of appropriate wording is also very important. Motivation of the
receiver, communicate feelings as well facts etc.

How “employee stock ownership program” positively influence
employee motivation?
Employee stock ownership plans can be used to keep plan

participants focused on company performance and share price
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appreciation. By giving plan participants an interest in seeing that the
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company's stock performs well, these plans are believed to encourage

participants to do what's best for shareholders, since the participants
themselves are shareholders.

What is difference between groupthink and groupshift?
Group Think: Tendency of the members of a group to yield to the

desire for consensus or unanimity at the cost of considering alternative
courses of action. Group-think is said to be the reason why intelligent
and knowledgeable people make disastrous decisions.
Group Shift: When people are in groups, they make decision about risk
differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are likely to
ake riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes the individual risk
less
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No: 1465148
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
Which of the following statements best describes the goals of
Organizational Behavior?
_ To understand the behaviors of people at work

_ To appreciate the behavior of people at work
_ To align behaviors according to the organizational goals
man
behavior at work

_ Finished goods
_ Services
_ Dividends
Question No: 3
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( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
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Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:
_ Value
_ Ethics
_ Custom

_ Moods
_ Behaviors
s
_ Customs

The extent to which a society encourages people to be tough,
confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender is called:
_ Future orientation
_ Gender differentiation
_ Power distance

If you believe that outside forces are largely responsible for your fate,
you are the person having:
_ Personal Locus of control

_ Internal Locus of control
_ Core locus of control

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?
_ Decision making is generally by consensus

_ Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem
_ For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist

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Which of the following statement is true regarding “intuitive decision
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aking”?
_ A logical process
_ An unconscious process
_ A satisficing process

Which applicants are usually considered “best” by interviewers?
_ Those with the best qualifications

_ Those who lack any unfavorable characteristics
_ Those whose interview lasts the longest

Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and
friendship from his relationships with his extended family. Which of
Maslow’s needs is Hassan fulfilling through these relationships?
_ Social
_ Physiological

A mtheory mY anager would assume that employees would
__ ______ ________.
_ Dislike work
_ Need to be controlled
_ Attempt to avoid work

What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker,
according to equity theory?
_ Quantity will increase

_ Quality will decrease
_ There will be no effect
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Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?
_ Stock options
_ Productivity bonus
_ Commission

Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of
teams?
_ Easy to manage
_ Less expensive
_ Promote socialization

Which of the following best demonstrates the effectiveness of self-
anaged teams?
_ An increase in the number of teams required to manufacture a

product
_ A reduction in the number of employees qualified to participate
in the teams
customer concerns
_ An increase in the technology budget for connecting team
embers

Which of the following teams are ade up of employees from about
the same hierarchical level?
_ Problem-solving
_ Cross-functional
_ Virtual

Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative
alternatives?
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_ Brainstorming
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_ Delphi technique
_ Nominal group technique

When anager arketing is co unicating with the anager
production, it is called:
_ Downward co unication
_ Lateral co unication
_ Vertical co unication

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective co unication?
_ Filtering
_ Language

Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs,
otivations, experience, background, and other personal
characteristics. This is called:
_ Filtering
_ Defensiveness
_ Selective selection

Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions
are called:
_ Physical characteristics
_ Semantics
_ Excitement

Productivity, job satisfaction and turnover are _______.
_ Moderating variables
s
_ Independent variables www.virtualians.pk
_ Continuous variables
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Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something
unpleasant is called _________.
_ Extinction
_ Punishment

_ Felt
_ Displayed
_ Conditional
_ Exposed

In the following steps of rational decision making, which would come
first?
_ Generate alternatives
_ Make a choice
_ Implement the decision

Which of the following is an advantage of oral co unication?
_ Permanent record of oral communication

_ Accurate when passing through many people
_ More likely to be well thought out

The oil company search for oil, refines and converts it into petrol and
petroleum products. This statement shows which of the following
component of an organization?
_ People
_ Technology
_ Task www.virtualians.pk
_ Structure
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shaping behavior?
_ Punishment
_ Extinction

Which of the following is a co on way for companies to encourage
employees to behave ethically?
_ Set examples of employees who behave unethically by

terminating them
_ Prosecute unethical employees
the ethics of conducting business

_ Administer annual ethics tests to employees

Job satisfaction and employee performance are positively related
when:
_ Pay is linked with attendance

_ Non-participative techniques are used
_ Employee turnover is high

Suppose you are a member of quality improvement team. Every
ember in your team gives usual suggestions regarding process
improvements. But one of your team member suggests an innovative
and totally new idea that is acknowledged by everyone. His idea is
noticed because of which of the following external stimulus?
_ Contrast
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_ Motion
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_ Novelty
_ Intensity

Mr. Shahzad has been performing successfully at work for several
onths. He believes that he will get a pay raise if he maintains this
high level of performance. This belief is an example of which of the
following according to expectancy theory?
_ Effort-performance
_ Performance-benefit
_ Performance-valence

Which of the following determines requirements of organization
conversion process?
_ Raw material and capital

_ Finished products and services
_ HR and information system

Which of the following can be considered a method of social learning?
_ Directories
_ Purchase invoices
_ Work Manual

Explain the basics of leadership style.
Answer:-
Leading requires managers to tailor their leadership styles to suit

differences in the attitudes and values of foreign workers. The
challenge of managing a diverse workforce increases as organizations
expand their operations internationally. There are several issues that
arise in the international arena. First, managers must understand
cultural differences to interact with workers and associates in foreign
countries. Understanding the differences between national cultures is
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important in any attempt to manage behavior in global organizations
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to increase performance.

Social loafing is a threat to group effectiveness. How can a manager
avoid social loafing?
Answer:-
Managers can reduce or eliminate social loafing by making individual

contributions to a group identifiable so that individual performance can
be evaluated and appropriate outcomes delivered. Group members can
complete peer evaluations, or the level of group supervision can
increase. When individual performance cannot be separated, managers
can make each individual feel that contribution to the group is
valuable. A manager can remind each member of unique contributions
and indicate when group success or failure hinges on individual efforts.
Managers can remind members that their selection
hinged on their unique contributions. Keeping the group as small as
possible reduces social loafing. If process losses increase with group
size, managers should reduce size by dividing the work into two
groups. Group members will no longer perceive their efforts as
unidentifiable or unnecessary

Discuss msome mof mthe merrors min mperceptual mjudgmentade by
interviewers in job interviews.
Answer:-
The following are the errors which can occur in perceptual judgment
ade by interviewers in job interviews.
• Stereotyping is judging someone on the basis of our perception of
the group to which
he or she belongs
• Generalization is not without advantages. It is a means of simplifying
a complex
world, and it permits us to maintain consistency. The problem, of
course, is when we
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Inaccurately stereotype.
• In organizations, we frequently hear co ents that represent
stereotypes based on
gender, age, race, ethnicity, and even weight
The halo effect occurs when we draw a general impression on the
basis of a single
Characteristic:
a. This phenomenon frequently occurs when students appraise their
classroom
instructor.
b. Students may give prominence to a single trait such as enthusiasm
and
allow their entire evaluation to be tainted by how they judge the
instructor
on that one trait.
Selective Perception
• Any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out
will increase the
probability that it will be perceived.
• It is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see only certain
stimuli can be
taken in.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No:
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
Ali migrated from Pakistan to a foreign country. He is disorientated by
the country’s customs and has difficulty in adapting it. He also feels
homesickness. What is Ali experiencing?
_ Culture shock
_ Foreign culture
_ Alien culture
_ Adventure

Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused
him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he
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feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning
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theory?
_ Social learning
_ Operant conditioning

Faizan, a supervisor, has to choose between two different suggestions
offered by employees about work schedule. Which one of the following
will be most suitable for Faizan?
_ Inductive reasoning
_ Spatial visualization
_ Deductive reasoning
_ Perception

Which of the following is NOT a component of attitude?
_ Cognition
_ Affect
_ Behavior
_ Myths

Individuals having an intense desire to achieve, are extremely
competitive, have a sense of urgency, are impatient and can be
hostile, are called:
_ Self Monitoring
_ Self Esteemed
_ Type A personality
_ Type B personality

Which of the following statements is TRUE for affetc?
_ Affect is a type of emotion and religion

_ Affect is a type of mood and environment
_ Affect can be a mood or an emotion
_ Affect is the result of conscious thought
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How is the satisficing decision maker best characterized?

_ As using rationality
_ As using bounded rationality
_ As using creativity
_ As relying on others to make decisions

When people tend to use intuitive decision making?
_ When a high level of uncertainty exists

_ When facts and figures are available
_ When progra ed decions are made
_ When there is no time constraint

Which of the following statement is true regarding “analytical decision
aking style”?
_ Tries to avoid conflict and seek acceptance

_ Provides creative solution to the problems
_ Uses minimum information
_ Takes little time in making decisions

Hunger, thirst, sex, pay, and physical work environment are examples
of which of Alderfer’s needs?
_ Existence
_ Safety
_ Growth
_ Physiological

How would a theory X manager view employees?
_ Seeking responsibility
_ Needing to be coerced to achieve goals
_ Viewing work as a normal daily activity
_ Exercising self control

What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where
employees acquire stock aswww.virtualians.pk
part of their benefits?
www.virtualians.pk
_ MBO program
_ Gain sharing plan
_ Employee stock ownership plan
_ Piece-rate plan

Which of the following is true about virtual teams?
_ There is an absence of verbal cues

_ There is limited social context
_ People collaborate online
_ All of the given options

What result does groupshift have on the decisions a group makes?
_ They are less effective

_ They are generally riskier
_ They are made more quickly
_ They are objectively incorrect

Which of the following statement best defines leadership?
_ Implementing the strategy provided by management

_ Least concerned in bringing organizational change
_ Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems
_ The ability to influence a group in goal achievement

In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs
first?
_ Transmitting
_ Decoding
_ Encoding
_ Understanding

All of the following are examples of nonverbal co unication
EXCEPT:
_ Instant messaging www.virtualians.pk

_ Physical distance
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_ Facial expressions
_ Hand gestures

Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote
accuracy?
_ Chain
_ Direct
_ Horizontal
_ All-channel

Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by
discussing the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and
involves the unions in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction
in which of the following ways?
_ Exit
_ Voice
_ Loyalty
_ Neglect

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes
one person from another is called _______.
_ Attitude
_ Personality
_ Perception
_ Mind-set

_ Felt
_ Displayed
_ Conditional
_ Exposed

According to McClelland, what is the need to make others behave in a
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way that they would not have behaved otherwise?
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_ The need for power

_ The need for achievement
_ The need for affiliation
_ The need for control

Which of the following is the major source of change affecting large
number of organizations today?
_ Corporate governance
_ Globalization
_ Business ethics
_ Cultural change

Which of the following is the ability to correctly perceive, evaluate,
express and regulate emotions and feelings?
_ Emotional Intelligence
_ Mental Ability
_ Physical Ability
_ Memory Ability

Mr. Imran has the ability to understand the emotional makeup of
other people. He is exhibiting which of the following components of
emotional intelligence?
_ Self-awareness
_ Empathy
_ Handling relationship
_ Managing emotions

The process of managing emotions with organizationally desired
emotions exhibit which of the following concept?
_ Emotional frustration
_ Emotional contagion
_ Emotional labor
_ Emotional conflict
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Which of the following stage of perceptual process model involves
noticing some of the information available to the person and filtering
out the rest?
_ Interpretation
_ Organization
_ Selective attention
_ Judgment

_ Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills


Mr. Ali is a top level manager at ABC Corporation. He has achieved
everything he desired in his life. The only thing he misses is the
relationships. At this point of career he really needs warm friendships.
Identify the need of Mr. Ali.
_ Need for achievement
_ Need for affiliation
_ Need for power
_ Need for motivation

Mr. kashif is the member of a team who voluntarily meet and discuss
different issues like how the quality of products be improved, what
possible changes can be made to improve working conditions etc. Mr.
Kashif is the member of which of the following team?
_ Self-Managed team
_ Problem solving team
_ Cross functional team
_ Virtual team

Mr. Usman is the part of the team whose members takes the
responsibility for their work, monitor their own performance and alter
their behaviors when required to solve a problem. Usman is the
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ember of which of the following team?
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_ Self-Managed team
_ Problem solving team
_ Cross functional team
_ Virtual team

Which of the following is a technique that is valuable in its ability to
generate a number of independent judgments without the requirement
of a face-to-face meeting?
_ The nominal group technique

_ Dialectical inquiry
_ Brainstorming
_ The Delphi technique

A person or a group with a direct or indirect interest or involvement in
organization and who is highly affected by the operations of the
organization is called _______.
_ Shareholder
_ Stakeholder
_ Stockholder
_ Patron

Who proposed that there are three major relevant motives, or needs,
in the workplace?
_ McClelland
_ McGregor
_ Herzberg
_ Maslow

What are the major strengths of today’s advanced means of
communication as compared to the traditional means in past?
 More knowledge.
 Mu ltiple choices.
 Can share more in shorter ti e.
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 Everything became almost instant. (SMS, Internet connectivity,

cellular phone technology, Wi-Fi and other technologies).
Identify and explain the two dimensions of leadership described in the
Ohio State studies.
Following two dimensions of leadership behaviours were discovered in Ohio

State studies:
1-Initiating
2- Consideration
1. Consideration: leaders emphasized interpersonal relations. They give

trust, respect and friendship to their followers.
2. Initiating Structure: leader assure that work has been competed and
employees have done their jobs and duties. In this planning, setting goals,
otivating them and coaching them are included.

Motivation is based on the perception of equity and fairness. Do you
agree with the statement or not? Discuss it in the light of Equity
theory.
Motivation is based on the worker’s perception of the work
situation.
Yes i am fully agreed to this statement.
Equity occurs when an individual’s outcome/input ratio equals that of the

referent. Because the comparison of these ratios (rather than absolute
levels) determines whether equity is perceived, equity can exist if the
referent receives more than the person making the comparison. When
workers perceive ratios to be equal, they are motivated to maintain the
status quo or increase inputs to receive greater outcomes.
Unequal ratios result in tension and a desire to restore equity.
Overpayment vinequity occurs mwhen man mindividual mperceives mhis/her
outcome/input ratio is greater than the referent’s. Underpayment inequity
occurs when the individual perceives his/her ratio is less than the referent’s.
In either case, the individual is motivated to restore equity, according to
equity theory.
Unequal ratios create tension inside the worker, and the worker is motivated
to restore equity. When the ratios are equal, workers are motivated to
aintain their current ratio of outcomes and inputs if they want their
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outcomes to increase
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No: 1465189
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47

The four main management functions include all of the following
EXCEPT:
_ Planning
_ Organizing
_ Staffing
_ Controlling

The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both
individually and in groups, describes which one of the following skills?
_ Technical skills
_ Human skills
_ Conceptual skills
_ Organizing skills

Globalization and culture for organizations can be:
_ Challenge
_ Threat
_ Strength

_ Memory
_ Number Aptitude
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_ Perceptual speed

Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working,
otivated to achieve organizational goals and due to her attachment
with the organization she wishes to continue her job with the same
organization. Her behavior is showing:
_ Job involvement
_ Job satisfaction
_ Job co itment
_ Job enrichment

All of the following are attitudes associated with job satisfaction
EXCEPT:
_ The work itself

_ Promotion opportunities
_ Supervision
_ Negligence

Relevant personal characteristics affecting perception of the perceiver
are:
_ Attitudes
_ Interests
_ Past experiences

Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?
_ Defining the problem

_ Identifying the decision criteria
_ Computing the decision alternatives
_ Rating the alternatives

According to attribution theory, which of the following is an
example of externallywww.virtualians.pk
caused behavior?
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_ An employee is late because of a flat tire.

_ An employee was promoted because of his abilities
_ An employee was fired because he slept on the job.
_ An employee was promoted because he was hard working.

According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?
_ When it is substantially satisfied

_ It never stops motivating
_ When one returns to a lower level need
_ When one chooses to move to a higher level need

Who developed ERG theory?
_ Mcclelland
_ Maslow
_ Alderfer
_ Ouchi

What continuum in the two-factor theory is ade up of the hygiene
factors?
_ No dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction
_ No dissatisfaction to satisfaction
_ Satisfaction to no satisfaction
_ Satisfaction to dissatisfaction

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving
employees in decisions, another approach to aking the work
environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of
the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their
schedule?
_ Flextime
_ Job sharing
_ Job rotation
_ Teleco uting

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The main difference between a leader and a manager is:
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_ Managers seek change and leaders don't

_ Leaders are thought of as better people because they don't
punish
_ Leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status
quo
_ Managers are concerned with people, and leaders with events

Which of the following are members of an organization with authority to
influence other members to achieve organizational goals?
_ Formal leaders
_ Informal leaders
_ Managers
_ Followers

Which of the following leadership styles explored by Kurt Lewin?
_ Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire

_ Production oriented and employee oriented
_ Initiating structure and consideration
_ Rational, task oriented and expressive

Which of the following leadership style gave the group embers
complete freedom?
_ Autocratic
_ Democratic
_ Laissez-faire
_ Consideration

Which of the following process is followed by a receiver when he/she
translates a sender’s message?
_ Encoding
_ Decoding
_ Feedback
_ Recoding
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Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational

periodicals represent examples of:
_ Informal communication channels

_ Formal co unication channels
_ Written communication
_ Non verbal communication

Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions
are called:
_ Non-verbals
_ Physical characteristics
_ Semantics
_ Excitement

Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote
accuracy?
_ Chain
_ Direct
_ Horizontal
_ All-channel

The Big Five model is related to ________.
_ Perception
_ Personality
_ Experience
_ Culture

The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a
particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by
expectancy theory as what kind of relationship?
_ Performance-reward
_ Effort-performance
_ Reward-personal goal
_ Effort-satisfaction
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Which of the following is right about the encoding step in the

communication process?
_ It is not necessary for verbal co unication

_ It is difficult for recevier to understand
_ It involves converting the idea into message
_ It follows the transmission of the message to receiver

All of the following are the inputs an organization receive from its
environment, EXCEPT
_ Raw Materials
_ People
_ Product / Services
_ Information

Mr. Usman is procurement manager in a manufacturing corporation.
He always manages to purchase low cost and high quality raw material
from the suppliers by using his strong negotiation skills. Which of the
following approach he is practicing to gain organizational
effectiveness?
_ The internal system approach

_ The external resource approach
_ The organizational process approach
_ Technical approach

Weight-lifting, pull-ups and leg lifts are the examples of which of the
following abilities?
_ Emotional Intelligence
_ Mental Ability
_ Physical Ability
_ Memory Ability

shaping behavior?
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_ Punishment
_ Extinction

Persons having an internal locus of control:
_ Believe that fate affects their circumstances

_ Accept others controlling them
_ Take responsibility for situation and the consequences of their
behavior
_ Can easily succumb to social and peer pressure

Ethical behavior is influenced by which of the following two major
factors?
_ Religion and value system

_ Terminal and instrumental values
_ Ethical reasoning and intelligence
_ Individual influences and organizational influences

An employee who has the ______ like “I hate my job” is not likely to
exhibit much enthusiasm and co itment to work.
_ Values
_ Behavior
_ Attitude
_ Personality

Mr. Ali is working as a media manager in an advertising agency. He
always encourages his coworkers to speak up in meetings and make
himself available to them to discuss personal or professional problems.
He also participates in the orientation of new employees although it is
not required. Which of the following behavior is exhibited by Ali?
_ Job performance
_ Job involvement
_ Organizational Citizenship
_ Job satisfaction
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Categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute is
called:
_ Attribution
_ Prejudice
_ Stereotyping

Ali is a creative person who likes challenging assignments and tasks
and always provides opportunities to grow to other people. He is at
which of the following needs of Marlow's hierarchy?
_ Self esteem
_ Social
_ Safety

Discuss strategies an organization might use to turn individuals into
team players.

A decision making style is the combination of an individual’s
perception and his response to certain information. Explain different
decision making styles exhibited by managers.

It is argued that by performing task oriented role a person can keep
the group on track, while relations- oriented role keep the group
together? Do you agree with this statement or not. Discuss
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No: 1465147
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
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_ Finished goods
_ Services
_ Dividends
_ Capital

_ Number Aptitude
_ Perceptual speed

_ Moods
_ Behaviors
_ Values
_ Customs

The Globe Framework for assessing cultures includes all EXCEPT:
_ Future Orientation
_ Work Moods
_ Power Distance
_ Gender Differentiation

Which of the following statement is true regarding Big five Model?
_ The Big Five traits are related to intrinsic motivational factors

_ The Big Five traits are related to extrinsic motivational factors
extrinsic factors
_ The Big Five traits have no relationship to motivational factors
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the

difference between men and women when it comes to emotional
reactions?
_ Women show greater emotional expression
_ Men express emotions more intensely
_ Women may have a greater need for social approval

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?
_ Decision making is generally by consensus

_ Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem
_ There may be more than one way to solve a problem
_ For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential
features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is,
they operate within the confines of _____________.
_ Optimal decision making

_ Intuitive decision making
_ Rationality

According mto mthe mgoal-setting mtheory mof otivation, highest
performance is reached when goals are set to which level?
_ Impossible but inspirational
_ Only marginally challenging

_ Easily attained

What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker,
according to equity theory?
_ Quality will increase

_ Quantity will increase
_ Quality will decrease
_ There will be no effect
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Which one of the following would be considered a otivator in the
two-factor theory?
_ Salary
_ Working conditions
_ Bonuses

Which of the following is a direct onetary incentive given by the
organizations to its employees?
_ Promotion
_ Flexible work hours

_ Appreciation certificate

There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict _____ ore
accurately than leadership effectiveness.
_ Leadership emergence
_ Extraversion in leaders
_ Leadership awareness
_ Leadership competence

In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs
first?
_ Transmitting
_ Decoding
_ Understanding

Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs,
otivations, experience, background, and other personal
characteristics. This is called:
_ Filtering
_ Defensiveness
_ Selective perceptionwww.virtualians.pk
_ Selective selection
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Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational
periodicals represent examples of:
_ Informal communication channels

_ Formal co unication channels
_ Non verbal communication

Which of the following co unication network is best illustrated by
an unstructured co ittee?
_ Vertical
_ Wheel
_ Chain

Productivity, job satisfaction and turnover are _______.
_ Moderating variables
_ Dependent variables
_ Independent variables
_ Continuous variables

Which of the following discipline contributes to organizational behavior
by focusing the effects of culture/society on organizational
performance?
_ Psychology
_ Sociology
_ Anthropology
_ Medicine

Mr. Waqas has been working in an organization for the last 5 years.
He is highly co itted and has very strong attachment with the
organization. Which of the following term depicts his behavior
properly?
_ Organizational citizenship
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_ Organizational co itment
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_ Job identification
_ Job involvement

Mr. Imran has the ability to understand the emotional makeup of
other people. He is exhibiting which of the following components of
emotional intelligence?
_ Self-awareness
_ Handling relationship
_ Managing emotions

Which of the following factors shape the personality of an individual?
_ Behavior and the environment
_ The person and the situation
_ Thinking and feelings
_ Heredity and environment

Mr. Raza believes that whatever goals and targets are assigned to him
by his manager, he will be able to achieve them with in the due date.
Which of the following concepts reflects his belief?
_ Self-efficacy
_ Risk propensity
_ Attitude
_ Self-esteem

All of the following are the characteristics of the target of one's
perceptions, Except:
_ Nonverbal cues
_ Purpose and context of encounter
_ Physical appearances
_ Oral co unication

Which of the following stage of perceptual process model involves
noticing some of the information available to the person and filtering
out the rest?
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_ Interpretation
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_ Organization
_ Judgment

Which one of the following study has contributed knowledge in the
field of OB on a number of topics including: learning, perception,
personality, emotions, training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction
and decision making?
_ Psychology
_ Sociology
_ Anthropology
_ Physiology



Ahmad always takes broad prospective to problem solving and likes to
consider many options and future possibilities. Ahmad has which of the
following decision making style?
_ Behavioral
_ Directive
_ Analytical
_ Conceptual

Ali is a creative person who likes challenging assignments and tasks
and always provides opportunities to grow to other people. He is at
which of the following needs of Marlow's hierarchy?
_ Self esteem
_ Social
_ Safety

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At which of the following stages of group development, the leader
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needs to adopt a coaching style due to team challenges?
_ Forming
_ Storming
_ Performing

Which of the following element of the co unication model consists
of the thoughts and feelings that communicator attempts to convey to
receiver?
_ Feedback
_ Message
_ Data
_ Information

A very annoyed customer who is unable to describe his complaints to
the CSR (customer service representative) because of severe anger is
an example of which of the following?
_ Filtering
_ Noise
_ Defensiveness

In which of the following co unication situation nonverbal
communication can be utilized?
_ Committee meeting
_ E-mail
_ Voice mail
_ Telephone call

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Which of the following decision aking approach is most likely to be
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used by a financial officer?
_ Irrational decision making

_ Bonded rationality
_ Intuitive decision making
_ Directive decision making

Identify and enlist any three potential problems of groups.

Define social loafing and suggest some ways to reduce social loafing.

A decision making style is the combination of an individual’s
perception and his response to certain information. Explain different
decision making styles exhibited by managers.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION 2009

MGT502- Organizational Behaviour
Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite
what they might apparently show.
► Felt
► Displayed
► Conditional
► Exposed

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding face-to-face communication?
► It is highly personal
► It has high channel richness
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► It usually results in delayed feedback
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► It offers multiple information cues

All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT:
► Managers informing employees of procedures

► Managers pointing out problems that need attention
► Employees completing attitude surveys
► Managers telling employees to work more quickly

A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?
► Exhibit laissez-faire type of leadership

► Maximize leader-member relations
► Assign group members to particular tasks
► Empower employees to make their own decisions

Teams are very useful in which of the following situations:
► The work to be performed is very basic

► The tasks are interrelated
► No one wants to be accountable
► The group is homogeneous

► There is an absence of verbal cues

► There is limited social context
► People collaborate online
► All of the given options

Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills possess
______________.
► Technical expertise
► Problem-solving skills
► Decision-making skills
► Interpersonal skills

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Which of the following is NOT one of the key components of effective teams?
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► Effective work design

► Recognized company identity
► Supportive contextual influences
► Well-managed team processes

After which stage of a group’s development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of
leadership within the group?
► Norming
► Storming
► Development
► Forming

Which of the following statements is true?
► All command groups are also task groups

► All task groups are also friendship groups
► All command groups are also informal groups
► All informal groups are also command groups

In which of the following situation Synergy is most likely to occur?
► The activities of all group members are fully dependent on one another
► The performance of one member of a group affects what other members do
► Group members must perform specific behaviors in a predetermined order
► Group members acting together produce more or better output than alone

Which one of the following groups may want government to direct more attention to
environmental problems?
► Interest group
► Command group
► Formal group
► Task group

Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?
► An attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer

► A car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car
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► A telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients

► A product support specialist who fields calls from customers

Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?
► Stock options
► Rs20 for each unit produced
► Productivity bonus
► Commission

What sort of goals does Management By Objectives (MBO) emphasize?
► Attainable, verifiable and measurable

► Achievable, controllable and profitable
► Inspirational, teachable and creative
► Challenging, emotional and constructive

Which of the following is NOT a biographical characteristic?
► Region
► Age
► Sex
► Tenure

What is the largest demographic change in the last few years in Pakistani workforce?
► Increasing ethnic diversity

► A fall in married workers
► Increasing age of workers
► More women in the workforce

Which one of the following would be considered a motivator in the two-factor theory?
► Salary
► Working conditions
► Bonuses
► Responsibility

Which of the following method iswww.virtualians.pk
used for strengthening desirable behavior?
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► Negative Reinforcement
► Neutral Reinforcement
► Pleasant Reinforcement
► Positive Reinforcement

What is generally considered to be the single best thing that managers can do to improve
performance?
► Allocate tasks depending on personality

► Restrict the use of punishment as a means of motivating workers
► Give abundant opportunities for employee growth
► Concentrate on intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards

Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?
► Defining the goal

► Goal difficulty
► Goal specificity
► Equity among co-workers

► When it is substantially satisfied

► It never stops motivating
► When one returns to a lower level need
► When one chooses to move to a higher level need

If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the
behavior shows ______________.
► Distinctiveness
► Consensus
► Consistency
► Continuity

Asif is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would Attribution
Theory describe this behavior?
► It shows consensus www.virtualians.pk

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► It shows similarity
► It shows reliability
► It shows consistency

According to attribution theory, which of the following is an internally caused
behavior?
► Working late in order to get a promotion

► Arriving at work late because heavy traffic
► Working weekends because of your employer’s orders
► Depending on luck for success

What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain the cause of behaviors of
others?
► Judgment Theory
► Selective Perception Theory
► Attribution Theory
► Equality Theory

Which of the following is NOT an ethic in decision making?
► Utilitarianism
► Focus on right
► Focus on justice
► Favoritism

Which of the following decision making style shows low tolerance for ambiguity and
seeks rationality?
► Directive
► Analytical
► Conceptual
► Behavioral

According to which of the following decision making model; people seek solutions that
are satisfactory and sufficient?
► Bounded Rational
► Three Component Modelwww.virtualians.pk
► Contingency
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► Rational

Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She decides to
use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step
she takes if she follows this model?
► Define the problem

► Identify the decisions criteria
► Evaluate other available alternatives
► Select the best alternative

Which of the following is the dimension of emotional intelligence that describes the
ability to manage your own emotions and impulses?
► Self-awareness
► Self-management
► Commitment
► Social-skills

The Big Five model is related to ________________
► Perception
► Personality
► Experience
► Culture

Which of the following are defined as accepted principles or standards of a person or a
group?
► Traditions
► Norms
► Attitudes
► Values

Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the
problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem
solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways:
► Exit
► Voice www.virtualians.pk
► Loyalty
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► Neglect

Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working, motivated to achieve
organizational goals and due to her attachment with the organization she wishes to
continue her job with the same organization. Her behavior is showing:
► Job involvement
► Job satisfaction
► Job commitment
► Job enrichment

Which of the following is defined as a way of looking at life; a way of thinking, feeling
or behaving?
► Value
► Attitude
► Behavior
► Mood

Learning theories include all of the following EXCEPT:
► Classical conditioning
► Social learning
► Operant conditioning
► Contingency theory

Which of the following is not considered as a characteristic of organizations?
► Social entities
► Goal oriented
► Closed system
► Deliberately structured

Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of
managers?
► Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills

► Leading skills and motivational skills
► Organizing skills and interpersonal skills
► Motivating skills and intrapersonal skills
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Management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling were first
classified by_______.
► Stephen Covey
► Henry Mintzeberg
► Henri Fayol
► Marry Parker

Which biographical characteristics best predict productivity? Absenteeism? Turnover?
Satisfaction?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?
_ Common goal
_ Interaction with one another
_ Accept expectations and obligations
_ Mutually independent

Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity require
management to identify an employee’s which characteristics?
Physical abilities
_ Motor abilities
_ Mental abilities
_ Emotional abilities

Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an unstructured
committee?
_ Vertical
_ Wheel
All-channel
_ Chain

When all communication is channeled through one person, which of the following
communication network exists?
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_ All-channel
_ Chain
_ Horizontal
Wheel

Formal guidelines and authority hierarchies are examples of which function of
communication?
Control
_ Agreement
_ Motivation
_ Information

Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow?
_ Suggestion boxes
_ Disscussing problem with boss
Feedback on job performance
_ Letters to your boss

The means by which a communication is passed is called:
Medium
_ Instrument
_ Conductor
_ Transmission

On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for both, people and
production is a (n):
_ Team manager
_ Country club manager
MIddle of the road manager
_ Authority-obedience manager

If a leader’s main concern is accomplishing his/her group’s tasks, the University of
Michigan studies label this leader as:
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Production-oriented
_ Laissez-faire
_ Consideration-oriented
_ Employee-oriented

Which of the following are the two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the
University of Michigan studies?
_ Emotional and rational

_ Autocratic and democratic
_ Initiating structure and consideration
Employee-oriented and production-oriented

If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are _____.
_ Educated
_ Trained
Born
_ Authoritarian

_ Managers seek change and leaders don't

_ Leaders are thought of as better people because they don't punish
Leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status quo
_ Managers are concerned with people, and leaders with events

Which of the following techniques most restricts discussion or interpersonal
communication during the decision-making process?
_ Groupthink
Nominal group
_ Brainstorm
_ Electronic meeting

Which of the following is a tendency for members of a cohesive group to reach
decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the majority
opinion?
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_ Group conformity
_ Group shift
Groupthink
_ Social loafing

What is generally the result of groupthink?
_ Higher quality decisions

More risky decisions
_ Less critical analysis
_ Unpopular decisions

_ There is an absence of verbal cues

_ There is limited social context
_ People collaborate online
All of the given options

Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of teams?
_ Easy to manage
_ Less expensive
Use employee talents better
_ Promote socialization

Which of the following statements concerning tenure is NOT true?
_ Tenure does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity

_ Tenure and satisfaction are positively related
_ Tenure is a good variable in explaining turnover
Tenure and organizational investment are negatively related

What other name is the two-factor theory known by?
_ Theories X and Y
Motivator-Hygiene Theory
_ Hierarchy of Needs Theory
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_ Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Theory
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Which of the following method is used for strengthening desirable behavior?
_ Negative Reinforcement
_ Neutral Reinforcement
_ Pleasant Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement

How does McClelland define the need for affiliation?
_ Drive to excel, to strive to succeed

_ Need to make others behave in a novel way
Desire for friendship and mutual understanding
_ The desire to control & influence their behavior

_ Mcclelland
_ Maslow
Alderfer
_ Ouchi

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following orders?
_ Physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
_ Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
_ Physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization

What are the three key elements of motivation?
_ Interest, activity and reward

_ Awareness, effort and outcome
_ Stimulation, progress and achievement
Intensity, direction and persistence

Amna is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her employees are
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all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be
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manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Amna most likely using?
_ Prototyping
_ Contrast effect
_ Halo effect
Projection

Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She decides to
use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step
she takes if she follows this model?
_ Define the problem

Identify the decisions criteria
_ Evaluate other available alternatives
_ Select the best alternative

The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor
influencing the perceptual process?
_ Situation
_ Perceiver
_ Reality
_ Target

What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?
_ The perceptions people form about each other

_ The perceptions people form about their employer
_ The perceptions people form about society
The perceptions people form about external reality

Imran is the head of a group at an advertising agency working with artists and designers
to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it particularly important for
him to keep his team happy?
_ People are more conscientious when they are in a good mood

_ People are more efficient when they are in a good mood
_ People are more productive when they are in a good mood
People are more creative when they are in a good mood
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_ The Big Five traits are related to intrinsic motivational factors

_ The Big Five traits are related to extrinsic motivational factors
The Big Five traits are related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors
_ The Big Five traits have no relationship to motivational factors

The degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and concern for the
welfare for others is called:
_ Quantity of life
_ Quality of life
_ Long-term orientation
_ Social Loafing

All of the following are sources of the values EXCEPT:
_ External Reference Groups
_ Role Models
_ Achievement
_ Teachers

Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead towards
achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best described these values?
_ Terminal values
_ Instrumental values
_ Theoretical values
_ Social values

Which of the following is NOT one of the scales to measure job satisfaction?
_ Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire

_ The Faces Scale
_ The mentor scale
_ Descriptive Index

Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant is
called----------------. www.virtualians.pk
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_ Extinction
_ Punishment

Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food poisoning.
Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of
which of the following learning theory?
_ Social learning
Operant conditioning

Which of the following are identified as new managerial functions?
_ Planning and organizing

_ Leading and controlling
_ Directing and monitoring
_ TQM and continuous improvement

Mr. Ahmed is responsible to transmit information to outsiders on organization’s plans,
policies, actions and results. Which managerial role is he playing in organization?
_ Disseminator
_ Spokesperson
_ Representative
_ Figurehead

The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of
group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?
_ Psychology
_ Sociology
_ Anthropology
_ Social Psychology

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If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for achieving
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those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following
functions is he/ she performing.
_ Planning
_ Organizing
_ Leading
_ Controlling

What are the common skills exhibited by an effective manager?
ANSWER:
Skill: Skill is defined as an ability to act in a way that allows a person to highly perform
his roles.
Skills required by Effective Manager:
There are various skills which must be possessed by a manager in order to be
effective. Some of such skills are listed below
 Define proper goals for everyone.
 Must plan and organize the work properly so that it flows smoothly.
 Enables proper communication in all directions.
 Promotes participation of individuals
 Provide honest feedback
 Empower and delegate the important tasks to subordinates
 Have full control over the whole process
 Motivate the subordinates to goal achievement
 Exhibits technical as well as administrative expertise to answer related questions.
 Facilitates work through teams and proper training
 Keep the activities move by following the schedule and deadlines.
 Rewards good performances
MIDTERM EXAMINATION MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 1)
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
The behavior of people is influenced by which of the following factors?
►Psychological needs
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►Individualdrives
►Socialrolesandstatus
►All ofthegiven options
Which of the following statements best describes the goals of Organizational

Behavior?
►Tounderstandthe behaviorsofpeopleat work
►Toappreciatethe behaviorofpeopleat work
►Toalign behaviors accordingtotheorganizationalgoals
►Todescribe, understand, predict, andcontrolhuman behavioratwork
Management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling were first

classified by_______.
►Stephen Covey
►HenryMintzeberg
►HenriFayol
►MarryParker
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Learning theories include all of the following EXCEPT:
►Classicalconditioning
►Sociallearning
►Operant conditioning
►Contingencytheory
“Smoking is injurious to health”. This statement is an example of which one of

the following components of attitude?
►Cognitive
►Affective
►Behavioral
►Behaviorintension
Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?
►Jobsatisfaction
►JobInvolvement
►OrganizationalBehavior
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►Organizationalcommitment
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The measure of the degree to which a person identifies psychologically

with his/her job and considers his/her perceived performance level
important to self-worth is called:
►Jobinvolvement
►Jobsatisfaction
►Jobcommitment
►Jobenrichment
All of the following are attitudes associated with job satisfaction EXCEPT:
►The work itself
►Promotionopportunities
►Supervision
►Negligence
Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and
motivation because they influence our perceptions?
►Moods
►Behaviors www.virtualians.pk
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►Values
►Customs
_________________ are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.
►Terminalvalues
►Instrumentalvalues
►Theoreticalvalues
►Socialvalues
Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?
►UncertaintyAvoidance
►PowerDistance
►Assertiveness
►Individualismversuscollectivism
►ExternalReferenceGroups
►RoleModels
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►Achievement
►Teachers
►The perceptionspeople formabout eachother
►The perceptionspeople formabout theiremployer
►The perceptionspeople formabout society
►The perceptionspeople formabout external reality
Which of the following is NOT consistent with rational decision-making?
►Consistency
►Value-minimization
►Ranking ofcriteria
►Evaluating alternatives
According to attribution theory, which of the following is an internally

caused behavior?
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►Working late in ordertoget apromotion
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►Arrivingat worklatebecauseheavytraffic
►Working weekendsbecauseofyouremployer‟s orders
►Dependingon luckforsuccess
If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states
that the behavior shows ______________.
►Distinctiveness
►Consensus
►Consistency
►Continuity
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Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship from

his relationships with his extended family. Which of Maslow‟s needs is Hassan
fulfilling through these relationships?
►Self-actualization
►Esteem
►Social
►Physiological
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►Whenit is substantiallysatisfied
►It neverstopsmotivating
►Whenonereturnstoalowerlevelneed
►Whenonechoosesto movetoahigherlevelneed
►Mcclelland
►Maslow
►Alderfer
►Ouchi
Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer‟s

_____________ needs.
►Existence
►Relatedness
►Esteem
►Growth
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 www.virtualians.pk

) - Please choose one
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McClelland‟s theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?
►Power, acceptanceandconfirmation
►Affiliation, controland realization
►Achievement, realizationandacceptance
►Achievement, powerandaffiliation
Which of the following appears to be the combination of needs found in the best
managers?
►Highachievement,highpower
►Highachievement,lowpower
►Highpower, lowaffiliation
►Lowpower, highaffiliation
Which of the following is NOT a comparison an employee can use in equity

theory?
►Self-inside
►Self-goal
►Other-outside
►Self-outside
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►Negative Reinforcement
►NeutralReinforcement
►PleasantReinforcement
►PositiveReinforcement
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate
of women in the workplace?
►Womentendto have moreillnessesthat keepthemfromworkthando

men
►Traditionally,womenhave hadthe responsibilityofcaring forhomeand

family
►Womentendto be lesssatisfied withtheirjobsthan men
►Women tend to work in jobs that have less flexible schedules than men
do
Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?
►Anattorneywhospendsmost ofhertime researchingon thecomputer

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►Acarsalesmanwhodemonstrates thefeaturesofa newmodelofcar
►Atelemarketerwho usesthephonetocontact clients
►Aproduct support specialistwhofieldscallsfromcustomers
Which one of the following groups may want government to direct more attention
to environmental problems?
►Interestgroup
►Commandgroup
►Formal group
►Taskgroup
Which of the following type of teams would most likely empower its team
members to make work-related decisions?
►Technical
►Self-managed
►Problem-solving
►Crossfunctional
Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?
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►Moreknowledge throughpoolingofgroupresources
►Moreamountoftimeisrequired tomakeadecision
►Increased acceptance& commitmentduetovoicein decisions
►Greaterunderstanding due to involvementin decisionstages

decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the
majority opinion?
►Groupconformity
►Groupshift
►Groupthink
►Socialloafing
Group decisions are generally preferable to individual decisions when which of

the following is required.
►Acceptanceofthesolution
►Acomplicated solution
►Speedandefficiency
►Clearresponsibility

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John Kotter‟s view argues that management focuses on coping with

complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping __________.
►Conflict
►Success
►Morale
►Change
If behavioral leadership theories are correct, then which of the following

statement is true?
►Leadershipbehaviorsareconsistent
►Leadersarebornwith leadership behaviors
►Leaders‟behaviorshould be altered
►Leadershipskillscan be trained
Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an

unstructured committee?
►Vertical
►Wheel
►All-channel
►Chain www.virtualians.pk
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Which of the following is the most effective communication network for

facilitating the emergence of a leader?
►Chain
►All-channel
►Wheel
►Direct
Which one of the following study in the field of OB has contributed knowledge on
a number of topics including: learning, perception, personality, emotions,
training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction, decision making, etc?
►Psychology
►Sociology
►Anthropology
►Physiology
How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?
►Asaproductofheredity
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►Asafunctionofone‟spowerneed
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►Asthe resultofacognitiveprocess
►Asenvironmentallycaused
A bachelor degree holder is most likely to have a job that requires:
►Human skills
►Technicalskills
►Conceptualskills
►Leadingskills
The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one person
from another is called _______.
►Attitude
►Personality
►Perception
►Mind-set
Teams are very useful in which of the following situations?
►The work tobeperformed isverybasic
►The tasksareinterrelatedwww.virtualians.pk
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►Noonewantstobe accountable
►The groupishomogeneous
Compare Hofstede‟s cultural dimensions with the GLOBE framework.
Quantity of life versus quality of life
in quantity of life people values money and acquisition of resources.
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions
Quantity of life versus quality of life:
In quality of life people give more values to the relationships and to concentrate on welfare of
others
Uncertainty avoidance:
which people structured over unstructured situations
Power distance: people think that power in the country is not distributed equally.
Individualism versus collectivism
Individualism is the degree to which people pefer to act individuals instead of group.
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Collectivism give low priority to individualism.
Global Frame work
• Future Orientation: The extent to which a society encourages and rewards future-oriented
behaviors such as planning, investing
This is almost like Long-term versus short-term orientation of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions
Assertiveness: A society encourages people to be tough, and competitive versus
modest and tender .
assertiveness is equaling to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions Quantity of life versus quality of life
Uncertainly avoidance : Society relay on social norms and procedures to avoid the uncertainity
uncertainty avoidance is explain in both the views
Performance orientation : society encourages and rewards group members for the improvement
in performance.
Humane orientation : society encourages individuals for being fair and caring to others in
society.
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MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Giving an employee a two-day suspension from work without pay for showing up
drunk is an example of which of the following:
►Punishment
►Positivereinforcement
►Extinction
►Negative reinforcement
Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working, motivated to

achieve organizational goals and due to her attachment with the organization she
wishes to continue her job with the same organization. Her behavior is showing:
►Jobinvolvement
►Jobsatisfaction
►Jobcommitment
►Jobenrichment

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Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and
motivation because they influence our perceptions?
►Moods
►Behaviors
►Values
►Customs
_________________ are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.
►Terminal values
►Socialvalues
Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?
►UncertaintyAvoidance
►PowerDistance
►Assertiveness
►Individualismversuscollectivism
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Which of the following statements is TRUE for affect?
►Affectisa type ofemotionandreligion
►Affectisatype ofmoodandenvironment
►Affectcanbe amoodoranemotion
►Affectisthe resultofconsciousthought
The ability of a person to manipulate his/her emotions according to a given

situation is called________________.
►EmotionalIntelligence
►EmotionalConstraints
►AffectiveEmotions
►Cognitivedissonance
Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result

in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:
►DeviantWorkplaceBehavior
►EmotionalLabor
►Emotionaldisorder
►Noneofthegivenoptions
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►The perceptions people formaboutexternal reality
Whenever Sana is successful she takes full credit for what has happened,
but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck
or blames one of her fellow employees. She is doing__________.
►Self-servingbiase
►The haloeffect
►Distinctiveness
►Projection
Hunger, thirst, sex, pay, and physical work environment are examples of which
of Alderfer‟s needs?
►Existence
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►Safety
►Growth
►Physiological
Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?
►Definingthegoal
►Goaldifficulty
►Goalspecificity
►Equityamongco-workers
Which of the following is one of the relationships proposed in expectancy

theory?
►Reward-satisfactionrelationship
►Satisfaction-performance relationship
►Rewards-personalgoals relationship
►Effort-satisfaction relationship
What continuum in the two-factor theory is made up of the hygiene factors?
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►Nodissatisfactiontodissatisfaction
►Nodissatisfactiontosatisfaction
►Satisfactionto nosatisfaction
►Satisfactionto dissatisfaction
Some MBO programs fail to live up to expectations. Which of the following is

NOT a common reason that MBO programs fail?
►Allowingsubordinateto participate insettinggoals
►Unwillingnesstorewardgoalaccomplishment
►Unrealistic expectations regardingresults
►Lack ofcommitmentbytopmanagement
Who sets MBO objectives?
►The immediate supervisor
►The superior andsubordinate
►The headofdepartment
►The employees themselves
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The tendency of individuals to exert less effort when they work in a group than
when they work alone is referred to as:
Sucker effect _
Social loafing _
Social facilitation _
Socialization _
Teams generally have a(n) _____________ impact on employee motivation.
Inconsistent _
Positive _
Discouraging _
Neutral _
Demand on leader is ___________ in a team comprising of 2-7 members.
► High
Highest _
► Low
► Moderate
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Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of a small team?
Lack for diversity of _ views
Less chances of disagreement _
Less rigidity _
Less difficult to assemble _
Which of the following type of teams allows for collaboration between team
members who are physically dispersed?
Local _
Global ►
Virtual _
Interactive _
There is an absence of verbal _ cues
There is limited social _ context

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People collaborate online _
All of the given _ options
Which of the following is described as a tendency for group discussion to

produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members?
Group think _
Group shift _
Group polarization _
Social loafing _
Which of the following is a group decision making method in which individual

members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but
independent fashion?
Brainstorming _
Groupthink _
Nominal _ group Technique
Delphi model _
Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative alternatives?

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Face-to-face interacting _ groups
Brainstorming _
Delphi technique _
Nominal group technique _

Groupthink _
Nominal group _
Brainstorm _
Electronic meeting _
According to Robert House, which of the following statement is true?
Managers use the authority inherent in their _ designated formal rank
Leaders are the primary agent for bringing _ organizational change
Leaders establish direction by developing a _ vision of the future
Leaders align and direct people by _ communicating their vision

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The University of Michigan researchers concluded that:
Employee-oriented leaders had lower _ productivity
Employee-oriented leaders had higher _ productivity
Production-oriented leaders created lower _ employee satisfaction
Production-oriented leaders created higher _ employee satisfaction
Medium _
Instrument _
Conductor _
Transmission _
When manager marketing is communicating with the manager production, it is

called:
Upward communication _
Downward communication _
Lateral communication _
Vertical communication _
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Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned
about the appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow
employees. The reactions he seeks are part of the:
Adjourning phase _
Encoding phase _
Decoding phase _
Feedback phase _
Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational periodicals

represent examples of:
Informal communication _ channels
Formal communication _ channels
Written _ communication
Non _ verbal communication
Which of the following is an important nonverbal component of communication?
Written memo _
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Paraphrase _
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Eye contact _
E-mail _
Rumors would most likely flourish in situations where there is:
Ambiguous situation ►
Well-communicated change _
Assurance by management _
A_ chain communication style
Which one of the following study in the field of OB has contributed knowledge on
a number of topics including: learning, perception, personality, emotions,
training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction, decision making, etc?
Psychology _
Sociology _
Anthropology _
Physiology _
__________ are the shared beliefs about expected behaviors aimed at making
groups function effectively.
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Group ethics _
Group norms _
Group criteria _
Group unity _
Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to
be used in achieving desired ends?
Terminal values _
Instrumental values _
Theoretical values _
Social values ►
The Big Five model is related to ________.
► Perception
Personality _
Experience _
Culture _
Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing,

despite what they mightwww.virtualians.pk
apparently show?
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Felt _
Displayed _
Conditional _
Exposed _
vuZs
Process variables include all of the following EXCEPT:
Climate of trust _
Team efficacy _
Minimized social loafing _
Specific goals _
Compare and contrast command, task, interest, and friendship groups by giving
practical examples.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50 www.virtualians.pk
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►Psychologicalneeds
►Individual drives
►Socialroles andstatus
►All ofthegivenoptions
The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of group
behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?
►Psychology
►Sociology
►Anthropology
►Social Psychology
Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of
managers?
►Technicalskills,humanskillsandconceptualskills
►Leading skillsandmotivational skills
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►Organizing skillsandinterpersonal skills
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►Motivating skillsand intrapersonal skills
The smell of fresh cake baking makes Saima‟s mouth water is an example of which one
of the following learning theory?
►Classical conditioning
►Sociallearning
►Operantconditioning
►Reinforcementtheory
Managers should be interested in their employees‟ attitudes because:
►Attitudes influencebehavior andperception
►Attitudes givewarningsignsof potentialproblems
►Attitudes areassociatedwith jobsatisfaction
►All ofthegivenoptions
IT IS OBVIOUS
►Minnesota SatisfactionQuestionnaire
►The FacesScale
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►The mentorscale
►DescriptiveIndex
Reference: The most widely used scales to measure job satisfaction include the Minnesota
Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Faces Scale, and the Job Descriptive Index.
Pg no. 30
Zahra‟s personality shows that she is dependable, well organized, and responsible.
According to the Big Five model; which of the following is the right dimension for
describing Zahra‟s personality?
►Agreeableness
►Emotional stability
►Extroversion
►Conscientiousness
Reference: Conscientiousness Is exhibited by those who are described as dependable,

organized, and responsible. Pg no. 35
Which of the following are the categories into which emotions are usually grouped?
►Simple and Complex
►PositiveandNegative
►Positive and Complex
►Complexand Negative
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Reference: Women show greater emotional expression than men, experience emotions
more intensely, and display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative
emotions. Emotions are classified as positive & negative only.
Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and considers
appropriate in a given job are called:
►Felt Emotions
►DisplayedEmotions
►Moods
►Emotional Intelligence
Reference: Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and
considered appropriate in a given job. Pg no. 39
Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result in negative
consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:
►Deviant WorkplaceBehavior
►EmotionalLabor
►None ofthegiven options
What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?
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►Environmental analysis
►Social verification
►Outlook
►Perception
The awareness that a problem exists and that a decision needs to be made is a/an:
►Perceptualissue
►Emergencyissue
►Cognitive issue
►Ethicalissue
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the rational decision-making model?
►The decisionmaker hascomplete information
►The decisionmaker isawareof all consequences
►The decisionmaker canidentifyall therelevant criteria
►The decisionmaker isconstrainedbytime andcosts
Reference: No time or cost constraints. The rational decision maker can obtain full
information about criteria and alternatives because it is assumed that there are no time or
cost constraints. Pg no. 53
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According to which of the following decision making model; people seek solutions that
are satisfactory and sufficient?
►BoundedRational
►ThreeComponent Model
►Contingency
►Rational
Reference: Bounded Rationality;People satisfice—they seek solutions that are satis factory
and sufficient. Pg no. 53
►Asusingrationality
►As usingboundedrationality
►Asusingcreativity
►Asrelying on othersto make decisions
►Utilitarianism
►Focuson right
►Focuson justice www.virtualians.pk

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►Favoritism
Which of the following statements is NOT an example of stereotyping?
►Thereisno need toofferchild-careto him;menaren‟tinterestedin childcare
►Don‟thireanolder worker; theycan‟t learnnewskills
►Shewasgoodather last job, soshewill begoodat thisone
►Shewon‟t relocate forapromotion, sincewomendon‟trelocate
What is the primary organizational factor that satisfies people‟s physiological needs?
►Relationship
►Recognition
►Pay
►Admiration
►Mcclelland
►Maslow
►Alderfer
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►Ouchi
Reference: Alderfer‟s ERG Theory Pg no. 61
Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He discovers that he
is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very
similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory?
►Thequantityofdocumentshe proofreadswill decrease
►Thequalityofdocumentshe proofreadswilldecrease
►The quantityand/orthequalityof documentshe proofreads willincrease
►There willbeno effectofthisfactonhisperformance
►Olderemployees havelowerrates ofavoidableabsence thanyoungerworkers
►Older employeeshave lower ratesofunavoidable absence thanyoungerworkers
►Older employeesaremore likelyto quittheir job than youngerworkers
►Older employeesareperceived to bemore flexiblethanyoungerworkers
Research does NOT support which of the following statements about gender in the workplace?
►Women aremore willing to conformto authoritythanmen
►Men are moreaggressive than women

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►Womenare more productive at workthanmen
►Men have higher expectationsofsuccess
Which of the following is NOT one of the most widely used variable-pay programs?
►Piece-rate wages
►Merit-based pay
►Fixedpay
►Profitsharing plans
►Theactivitiesofall groupmembersare fullydependenton oneanother
►Theperformance ofone member ofagroup affectswhatother membersdo
►Group membersmustperformspecificbehaviorsin apredetermined order
►Groupmembers actingtogetherproduce more orbetteroutputthanalone
Which of the following is the stage of group development characterized by the development of
close relationships and cohesiveness?
►Forming
►Norming
►Storming www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►Adjourning
Which of the following does NOT explain the characteristics of teams?
►Commonalityofpurpose
►Interconnectivityamongindividualmembers
►Flexibilityanddegree ofresponsiveness
►Restrictions onexpressionofideas
Which of the following is NOTconsidered an advantage of electronic meetings?
►Maintainsthe secrecyofideas
►Speed updecision making process
►Receivingcreditforthe best ideas
►Accurate exchange ofopinions
Which of the following statement is true about decision making using nominal group techinque?
►Thismethod isgood togenerate aquantityofideas
►Thismethod isgood forbuildinggroup cohesiveness
►Thismethodis goodforencouragingindependent thinking
►Thismethod isaninexpensive wayofgenerating maximumideas

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www.virtualians.pk
Which of the following is the product of a sender‟sencoding?
►Channel
►Message
►Transmission
►Medium
If Ali is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following behaviors is he least
likely to display?
►Heprefers totalk onthephone
►Heprefersto send emails
►Herelieson memosor letters
►Heavoidsface-to-face communication
Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned about the
appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow employees. The reactions he
seeks are part of the:
►Adjourningphase
►Encoding phase
►Decoding phase
►Feedback phase
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www.virtualians.pk
►Written memo
►Paraphrase
►Eye contact
►E-mail
It is mentioned in the handouts of ENG301. Pg no. 15
A communication channel with greater channel richness is most likely to provide:
►Greaterfeedbackdensity
►Greaterfiltering capability
►Greaterperceptualwellness
►Largeramounts of information
Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity require management
to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?
►Physicalabilities
►Motorabilities
►Mentalabilities www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►Emotionalabilities
If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for achieving those goals
and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following functions is he/ she
performing?
►Planning
►Organizing
►Leading
►Controlling
►Humanskills
►Technical skills
►Conceptualskills
►Leadingskills
Reference: Technical Skills
• The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs

require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the
job Bachelor degree holder will certainly prefer the job that requires his expertise in
certain field. Human and conceptual skills are required for the jobs as of disturbance
handlers, figure heads and liaison etc.

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www.virtualians.pk
Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to be used in
achieving desired ends?
►Terminalvalues
►Theoretical values
►Social values
Reference: Instrumental values.
• Preferences for the means to be used in achieving desired ends.
Pg no. 25
Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the

problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem
solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways?
►Exit
►Voice
►Loyalty
►Neglect
Reference: Voice is an Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions,

including suggesting
improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and some forms of union activity. Pg
no. 32
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The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will
generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of
relationship?
►Performance-reward
►Effort-performance
►Reward-personal goal
►Effort-satisfaction
Reference: Expectancy theory states that an individual tends to act in a certain way based
on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome. Pg no. 66
If we note in the above definition the word „act‟ can be replaced

by performance and „outcome‟ can be used instead ofreward.
This theory states that an individual expect to achieve reward for
his/her performance.
The communication used by managers to provide job instructions is an example of:
►Downwardcommunication
►Lateral communication
►Directional communication
►Diagonalcommunication
Reference: In downward communication Organizational decisions are made at top level and then
flow down to the people who carry them.Pg no. 6 of ENG301 H.outs
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MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
►Psychological needs
►Individualdrives
►Socialrolesandstatus
►Allofthegivenoptions
The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their

study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex
organizations?
►Psychology
►Sociology
►Anthropology
►SocialPsychology
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www.virtualians.pk
Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required
competencies of managers?
►Technicalskills,humanskillsandconceptualskills
►Leadingskillsandmotivationalskills
►Organizingskillsandinterpersonalskills
►Motivatingskillsand intrapersonalskills
The smell of fresh cake baking makes Saima‟s mouth water is an example of
which one of the following learning theory?
►Classical conditioning
►Sociallearning
►Operant conditioning
►Reinforcement theory
Managers should be interested in their employees‟ attitudes because:
►Attitudes influence behaviorandperception
►Attitudes givewarningsignsofpotentialproblems
►Attitudes are associatedwith jobsatisfaction

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www.virtualians.pk
►MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire
►The FacesScale
►The mentorscale
►DescriptiveIndex
Zahra‟s personality shows that she is dependable, well organized, and

responsible. According to the Big Five model; which of the following is the right
dimension for describing Zahra‟s personality?
►Agreeableness
►Emotionalstability
►Extroversion
Which of the following are the categories into which emotions are usually
grouped?
►SimpleandComplex www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►PositiveandNegative
►Positiveand Complex
►Complexand Negative
Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and

considers appropriate in a given job are called:
►FeltEmotions
►DisplayedEmotions
►Moods
Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result

in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:
►DeviantWorkplaceBehavior
►EmotionalLabor
►Noneofthegivenoptions
What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?
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www.virtualians.pk
►Environmentalanalysis
►Socialverification
►Outlook
►Perception
The awareness that a problem exists and that a decision needs to be made is
a/an:
►Perceptual issue
►Emergencyissue
►Cognitiveissue
►Ethicalissue
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the rational decision-making

model?
►The decisionmakerhascomplete information
►The decisionmakeris aware ofall consequences
►The decisionmakercanidentifyalltherelevant criteria
►The decisionmaker isconstrainedbytimeandcosts
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According to which of the following decision making model; people seek

solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient?
►BoundedRational
►Three Component Model
►Contingency
►Rational
►Asusingrationality
►Asusingboundedrationality
►Asusingcreativity
►Asrelying onothers to make decisions
►Utilitarianism
►Focusonright
►Focusonjustice
►Favoritism
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www.virtualians.pk
Which of the following statements is NOT an example of stereotyping?
►There isnoneedtoofferchild-caretohim; menaren‟t interestedin child

care
►Don‟thireanolderworker; theycan‟tlearnnewskills
for more contents visit

http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
►She wasgoodather lastjob, soshewill begoodatthis one
►Shewon‟t relocate forapromotion, sincewomen don‟trelocate
What is the primary organizational factor that satisfies people‟s physiological

needs?
►Relationship
►Recognition
►Pay
►Admiration
►Mcclelland
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www.virtualians.pk
►Maslow
►Alderfer
►Ouchi
Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He

discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though
their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to
this discovery according to equity theory?
►The quantityofdocumentsheproofreadswilldecrease
►The qualityofdocuments heproofreadswilldecrease
► The quantity and/or the quality of documents he proofreads will

increase
►There willbenoeffect ofthisfactonhis performance
► Older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than

younger workers
►Olderemployeeshavelowerratesofunavoidable absence than younger

workers
►Olderemployeesare morelikelytoquit theirjob thanyoungerworkers
►Olderemployeesare perceivedtobe moreflexible thanyoungerworkers
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Research does NOT support which of the following statements about gender in
the workplace?
►Womenare more willing toconformto authoritythanmen
►Menare moreaggressivethanwomen
►Womenaremore productiveatworkthanmen
►Menhave higherexpectations ofsuccess
Which of the following is NOT one of the most widely used variable-pay
programs?
►Piece-ratewages
►Merit-basedpay
►Fixedpay
►Profitsharing plans
►The activities of allgroupmembersarefullydependenton one another
►The performanceofonememberofagroup affectswhat othermembers

do
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www.virtualians.pk
►Groupmembersmustperformspecific behaviorsin apredetermined

order
►Groupmembers actingtogether produce moreor betteroutputthan

alone
Which of the following is the stage of group development characterized by the

development of close relationships and cohesiveness?
►Forming
►Norming
►Storming
►Adjourning
Which of the following does NOT explain the characteristics of teams?
►Commonalityofpurpose
►Interconnectivityamongindividualmembers
►Flexibilityanddegreeofresponsiveness
►Restrictionsonexpressionofideas
Which of the following is NOTconsidered an advantage of electronic meetings?
www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►Maintainsthe secrecyofideas
►Speedupdecision makingprocess
►Receivingcreditforthebestideas
►Accurateexchange ofopinions
Which of the following statement is true about decision making using nominal
group techinque?
►Thismethodis goodto generatea quantityofideas
►Thismethodis goodforbuildinggroup cohesiveness
►This methodisgoodforencouragingindependentthinking
►Thismethodis aninexpensive wayofgeneratingmaximum ideas
Which of the following is the product of a sender‟sencoding?
►Channel
►Message
►Transmission
►Medium
www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
If Ali is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following

behaviors is he least likely to display?
►Hepreferstotalk onthephone
►Heprefers tosendemails
►Hereliesonmemosorletters
►Heavoids face-to-face communication
Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned
about the appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow
employees. The reactions he seeks are part of the:
►Adjourning phase
►Encodingphase
►Decodingphase
►Feedbackphase
►Writtenmemo
►Paraphrase
►Eye contact www.virtualians.pk

www.virtualians.pk
►E-mail
A communication channel with greater channel richness is most likely to provide:
►Greaterfeedbackdensity
►Greaterfilteringcapability
►Greaterperceptualwellness
►Larger amountsofinformation
Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity
require management to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?
►Motorabilities
►Mentalabilities
If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for

achieving those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the
following functions is he/ she performing?
►Planning www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►Organizing
►Leading
►Controlling
►Human skills
►Technicalskills
►Conceptualskills
►Leadingskills
Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to
be used in achieving desired ends?
►Terminalvalues
►Socialvalues
Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing

the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions
www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following

ways?
►Exit
►Voice
►Loyalty
►Neglect
The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level

will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of
relationship?
►Reward-personalgoal
The communication used by managers to provide job instructions is an example

of:
►Downwardcommunication
►Lateral communication
►Directional communication
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www.virtualians.pk
►Diagonalcommunication
How does ERG theory differ from Maslow‟s hierarchyof needs?
Answer :
Abraham Maslow‟s theory of needs describes five levels of needs and from
bottom to top order they are :
1) Physiological needs : These include basic needs of food, existence,

shelter etc. This is the lowest level of needs in Maslow‟s hierarchy.
2) Safety needs :These include the needs for feeling safe and
protected from environmental hazards.
3) Social needs : These include the need for belongingness and having
social relationships
4) Esteem needs : These needs include the need for being recognized
and having respect in society
5) Self actualization needs : This is the highest level of needs and

means that a person reaches the full potential he is capable of reaching.
In contrast to this, Clayton Alderfer‟s ERG needs are three and they are :
1) Existence needs : The need for existence i.e food, shelter etc.
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www.virtualians.pk
2) Relatedness needs : The need for having social relationships and

being related to.
3) Growth needs : The needs for growth and achieving something and
doing something good in life.
The major difference however between the two is that according to Maslow
the lowest level needs starting from physiological needs will be more
important for an individual to fulfill before he moves on to the next level of
needs. This means that the needs at a next higher level will not be important
for an individual until he completely or to a good extent satisfies his needs at
the immediate lower level. Once the needs at the lower level are met
completely or sufficiently they will no longer remain the source of motivation
for the individual and he will move on to the next level up and will try to fulfill
those needs and they will become the motivation for him. But according to
Alderfer this was not the case. The needs priority for different people can be
different. Some people might give more importance to the growth needs and
will be motivated to behave in ways that satisfies their need for growth more
than the satisfaction of the need for relatedness or existence.
This assumption of Maslow that the lower level needs should be fulfilled
before the individual deems higher level needs as a source of motivation was
the biggest flaw in the theory as different people have different
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?
►Commongoal
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www.virtualians.pk
►Interactionwith oneanother
►Accept expectationsandobligations
►Mutuallyindependent
Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity
require management to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?
►Motorabilities
►Mentalabilities
Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an

unstructured committee?
►Vertical
►Wheel
►All-channel
►Chain
When all communication is channeled through one person, which of the

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following communication network exists?
www.virtualians.pk
►All-channel
►Chain
►Horizontal
►Wheel
Formal guidelines and authority hierarchies are examples of which function of

communication?
►Control
►Agreement
►Motivation
►Information
Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow?
►Suggestionboxes
►Disscussingproblemwithboss
►Feedbackonjobperformance
►Letterstoyourboss
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www.virtualians.pk
►Medium
►Instrument
►Conductor
►Transmission
On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for both, people
and production is a (n):
►Teammanager
►Countryclub manager
►MIddleoftheroadmanager
►Authority-obedience manager
If a leader‟s main concern is accomplishing his/hergroup‟s tasks, the University

of Michigan studies label this leader as:
►Production-oriented
►Laissez-faire
►Consideration-oriented
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www.virtualians.pk
►Employee-oriented
Which of the following are the two dimensions of leadership behavior identified
in the University of Michigan studies?
►Emotionalandrational
►Autocratic anddemocratic
►Initiatingstructureandconsideration
►Employee-orientedandproduction-oriented
If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are _____.
►Educated
►Trained
►Born
►Authoritarian
►Managers seek change and leaders don't
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►Leadersarethoughtofasbetterpeoplebecausetheydon'tpunish
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►Leadersare advocates for change,andmanagers for the statusquo
►Managers areconcerned withpeople, and leaderswith events

►Groupthink
►Nominalgroup
►Brainstorm
►Electronic meeting

decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the
majority opinion?
►Groupconformity
►Groupshift
►Groupthink
►Socialloafing
What is generally the result of groupthink?
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www.virtualians.pk
►Higherqualitydecisions
►Moreriskydecisions
►Less criticalanalysis
►Unpopulardecisions
►There isanabsenceofverbalcues
►There islimitedsocialcontext
►Peoplecollaborateonline
Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of teams?
►Easyto manage
►Less expensive
►Useemployeetalentsbetter
►Promotesocialization

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www.virtualians.pk
►Tenuredoesnot appeartobeagoodpredictorofemployeeproductivity
►Tenureand satisfaction arepositivelyrelated
►Tenureisagoodvariablein explainingturnover
►Tenure andorganizational investmentare negativelyrelated
What other name is the two-factor theory known by?
►TheoriesX and Y
►Motivator-HygieneTheory
►HierarchyofNeeds Theory
►Satisfaction/DissatisfactionTheory
►Negative Reinforcement
►NeutralReinforcement
►PleasantReinforcement
►PositiveReinforcement

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www.virtualians.pk
How does McClelland define the need for affiliation?
►Drivetoexcel,to strive to succeed
►Needtomakeothersbehaveinanovelway
►Desirefor friendship andmutualunderstanding
►The desire to control&influencetheirbehavior
►Mcclelland
►Maslow
►Alderfer
►Ouchi
Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following

orders?
►Physiological,esteem, safety, social,and self-actualization
►Physiological,safety,social, esteem,andself-actualization
►Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
►Physiological,social, safety, esteem,and self-actualization
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www.virtualians.pk
What are the three key elements of motivation?
►Interest, activityandreward
►Awareness,effortand outcome
►Stimulation,progressandachievement
►Intensity,directionandpersistence
Amna is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her

employees are all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that
they may be
manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Amna most likely using?
►Prototyping
►Contrast effect
►Haloeffect
►Projection
Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She
decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What
might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?
►Define theproblem
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www.virtualians.pk
►Identifythedecisionscriteria
►Evaluateotheravailable alternatives
►Select thebestalternative
The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type

of factor influencing the perceptual process?
►Situation
►Perceiver
►Reality
►Target
►The perceptionspeople formaboutexternal reality
Imran is the head of a group at an advertising agency working with artists and
designers to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it
particularly important for him towww.virtualians.pk
keep his team happy?
www.virtualians.pk
►Peoplearemore conscientiouswhen theyarein agood mood
►Peoplearemore efficient when theyarein agoodmood
►Peoplearemore productive when theyareinagoodmood
►People are more creative whentheyareinagoodmood
►The BigFivetraits arerelatedtointrinsicmotivationalfactors
►The BigFivetraits arerelatedtoextrinsicmotivational factors
►The BigFivetraitsarerelatedtobothintrinsicandextrinsicfactors
►The BigFivetraits haveno relationshiptomotivationalfactors
The degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and
concern for the welfare for others is called:
►Quantityoflife
►Qualityoflife
►Long-termorientation
►SocialLoafing

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►ExternalReferenceGroups
►RoleModels
►Achievement
►Teachers
Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead
towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best
described these values?
►Terminalvalues
►Socialvalues
►MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire
►The FacesScale
►The mentor scale
►DescriptiveIndex
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www.virtualians.pk
Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant

is called----------------.
►Positivereinforcement
►Extinction
►Negative reinforcement
►Punishment
Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food
poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This
is an example of which of the following learning theory?
►Classicalconditioning
►Sociallearning
►Operantconditioning
►Reinforcement theory
Which of the following are identified as new managerial functions?
►Planningandorganizing
►Leadingandcontrolling
►Directing and monitoringwww.virtualians.pk

www.virtualians.pk
►TQMandcontinuous improvement
Mr. Ahmed is responsible to transmit information to outsiders on organization‟s

plans, policies, actions and results. Which managerial role is he playing in
organization?
►Disseminator
►Spokesperson
►Representative
►Figurehead
The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their

study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex
organizations?
►Psychology
►Sociology
►Anthropology
►SocialPsychology
If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for

achieving those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the
following functions is he/ she performing.
www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►Planning
►Organizing
►Leading
►Controlling
ANSWER:
Skill: Skill is defined as an ability to act in a way that allows a person to highly
perform his roles.
Skills required by Effective Manager:
There are various skills which must be possessed by a manager in order to

be effective. Some of such skills are listed below
 Define proper goals for everyone.

 Must plan and organize the work properly so that it flows smoothly.
 Enables proper communication in all directions.
 Promotes participation of individuals
 Provide honest feedback
 Empower and delegate the important tasks to subordinates
 Have full control over the whole process
 Motivate the subordinates to goal achievement
 Exhibits technical as well as administrative expertise to answer related
questions.
 Facilitates work through teams and proper training
 Keep the activities move by following the schedule and deadlines.
 Rewards good performances
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www.virtualians.pk
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
The opinion or belief segment of an attitude is described by which component of

attitude?
►Cognitive
►Affective
►Behavioral
►Behaviorintension
Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead
towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best
described these values?
►Terminalvalues
►Socialvalues
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www.virtualians.pk
Which of the following country is a representative of collectivism as a nation i.e.

group harmony, cohesiveness, consensus and corporation?
►Canada
►Japan
►United States
►CapeTown
Guatemala is a country where inequalities exist showing gap between rich and
poor. Which of the following value is truly representing the state of Guatemala?
►Power distance
►Individualism
►Collectivism
►Uncertaintyavoidance
The Big Five model is related to ________________
►Perception
►Personality
►Experience
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www.virtualians.pk
►Culture
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to be pleasant and

accommodating in social situations?
►Extroversion
►Opennesstoexperience
►Emotionalstability
►Agreeableness
Which of the following is NOT one of the traits according to the Big Five Model?
►Extroversion
►Agreeableness
►Selfactualization
Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and

considers appropriate in a given job are called:
►FeltEmotions
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www.virtualians.pk
►Displayed Emotions
►Moods
Which of the following is NOT one of the six universal emotions, as

agreed upon by most contemporary researchers?
►Anger
►Fear
►Hate
►Sadness
Sana is a group leader at interior designing firm. She is concerned with the
achievement of her peers and subordinates, she appreciate their suggestions
and motivates them to come up with something new and unique. Which of the
following is Sana‟s style?
►Conceptual
►Behavioral
►Directive
►Analytical
“Just because he was late in his first class, his teacher thinks he is irresponsible
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student". Which error teacher has commited in this case?
www.virtualians.pk
►Selectiveperception
►Stereotyping
►Halloeffect
►Socialperception
It is not possible for Mr. Asim to understand everything he sees, he notices a few
of the things, we can say that he engages in:
►Assimilating
►Selectiveperception
►HaloEffect
►Target Perception
According to attribution theory, which of the following is an example of

externally caused behavior?
►Anemployeeislatebecauseofa flattire.
►Anemployeewaspromotedbecause ofhisabilities
►Anemployeewasfired becausehesleptonthejob.
►Anemployeewaspromotedbecause he washardworking.

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According to attribution theory, if someone shows different behaviors in different

situations then this can be termed as___________.
►Consensus
►Distinctiveness
►Reliability
►Consistency
Which of the following statement best describes “motivation?”
►Results in a level ofeffortsputbyagroup
►Intensifiesanindividual‟seffortsfromothers
►Guidesanindividual‟seffortstowardsa goal
►Meetsanindividual‟sneeds, wantsanddemnands
Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He

discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though
their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to
this discovery according to equity theory?
►The quantityofdocumentsheproofreadswilldecrease
►The qualityofdocuments heproofreadswilldecrease
► The quantity and/or the quality of documents he proofreads will

increase www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
►There willbenoeffect ofthisfactonhis performance
The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level

will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of
relationship.
►Reward-personalgoal
Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors.

Which of the following is an example of such a factor?
►Advancement
►Workingcondition
►Achievement
►Recognition
What continuum in the two-factor theory is made up of the hygiene factors?
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►Nodissatisfactiontodissatisfaction
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►Nodissatisfactiontosatisfaction
►Satisfactiontonosatisfaction
►Satisfactionto dissatisfaction
Which of the following is NOT a biographical characteristic?
►Region
►Age
►Sex
►Tenure
►Tenuredoesnot appeartobeagoodpredictorofemployeeproductivity
►Tenureand satisfaction arepositivelyrelated
►Tenure is agoodvariableinexplainingturnover
►Tenureand organizationalinvestment arenegativelyrelated
What does MBO provide for the individual employee?
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www.virtualians.pk
►Specificperformanceobjectives
►Precisejobdescriptions
►Cleardirectionandpurpose
►Highersalaries
Who sets MBO objectives?
►The immediate supervisor
►The superiorandsubordinate
►The head ofdepartment
►The employees themselves
Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs?
Wage incentive plans, flextime, _ piece-rate
Piece-rate, wage incentive plans, gain _ sharing
Profit-sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended _ vacations
Retirement benefits, extended vacations, _ flextime
Which of the following is one advantage of variable pay plans to management?

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www.virtualians.pk
They turn fixed labor costs into variable _ labor costs
They turn low producers into high _ producers
They turn slow employees into fast _ employees
They turn high fixed costs into low fixed _ costs
Which of the following statements most accurately describes interest groups?
They are longer lasting than friendship _ groups
They are formed because of some common _ objective
They are governed by labor _ laws
They are likely to involve great social _ conflict
Teams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being completed

______________
Require multiple skills _
Require judgment _
Require experience _
All of the given options _
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www.virtualians.pk
Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills
possess ______________.
Technical expertise _
Problem-solving skills _
Decision-making _ skills
Interpersonal skills _
Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of a small team?
Lack for diversity of _ views
Less chances of disagreement _
Less rigidity _
Less difficult to assemble _
Individual decisions are generally preferable to group decisions when which of

the following is required?
Speed _
Creativity _
Acceptance _ www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
Quality _
Managers seek change and leaders _ don't
Leaders are thought of as better people _ because they don't punish
Leaders are advocates for change, and managers _ for the status quo
Managers are concerned with people, and _ leaders with events
Which of the following is a behavioral theory of leadership?
Trait theory _
Fiedler model _
Ohio _ State studies
Equity Theory _
According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader‟s behavior is
directed toward getting the job done is called:
Initiating structure _
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www.virtualians.pk
Consideration _
Maximization _
Path-goal _
A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?
Exhibit laissez-faire type of _ leadership
Maximize leader-member _ relations
Assign group members to particular _ tasks
Empower employees to make their own _ decisions
The graphic portrayal of a two-dimensional view of leadership styles by Blake

and Mouton is known as:
Least preferred co-worker _ scale
Leader-participation model _
Autocratic-democratic _ continuum
Managerial grid _

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www.virtualians.pk
Medium _
Instrument _
Conductor _
Transmission _
Bulletin, notice boards, circulars are considered to be which type of

communication?
Upward communication _
Downward _ communication
Horizontal communication _
Lateral communication _
Written memo _
Paraphrase _
Eye contact _
E-mail _
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www.virtualians.pk
Which of the following communication network occurs when a checkout clerk

reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who
reports to a regional manager?
Wheel _
All-channel _
Chain _
Horizontal _
The _____ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction.
Direct _
Circle _
Wheel _
All-channel _
A skill is an ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform highly in

her or his role. Managers need three types of skills:
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www.virtualians.pk
1. Conceptual Skills
2. Human Skills
3. Technical Skills
1. Conceptual skills to analyze and diagnose a situation to distinguish

between cause and effect;
2. Human skills to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of
individuals and groups
3. Technical skills job-specific knowledge and techniques required to

perform an organizational role.
Effective managers need all three types of skills—c onceptual, human, and
technical. For example,
Entrepreneurs often are technically skilled but lack conceptual and human
skills. Scientists who become managers have technical expertise, but low
levels of human skills.
Management Skills
Robert Katz has identified three essential management skills: technical,

human, and conceptual.
1. Technical Skills
• The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs require

some specialized
expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job.
2. Human Skills
• The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both
individually and in www.virtualians.pk
www.virtualians.pk
groups, describes human skills. Many people are technically proficient but
interpersonally incompetent
3. Conceptual Skills
1. The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations
2. Decision making, for example, requires managers to spot problems,

identify alternatives
that can correct them, evaluate those alternatives, and select the best one.
Skills Exhibited by an Effective Manager
1. Clarifies goals and objectives for everyone involved
2. Encourages participation, upward communication, and suggestions
3. Plans and organizes for an orderly work flow
4. Has technical and administrative expertise to answer organization-

related questions
5. Facilitates work through team building, training, coaching and support
6. Provides feedback honestly and constructively
7. Keeps things moving by relying on schedules, deadlines, and helpful

reminder
8. Controls details without being over-bearing
9. Applies reasonable pressure for goal accomplishment
10. Empowers and delegates key duties to others while maintaining goal
clarity and commitment
11. Recognizes good performance with rewards and positive reinforcement
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MGT502 Organizational Behavior

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_ Defining the goal

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_ Close relationships are developed

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_ More amount of time is required to make a decision

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_ Greater feedback density

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_ They process information serially

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_ The work to be performed is very basic

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_ International trade laws

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work he has earned the position of finance manager. He believes that

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_ Defining the goal

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_ Implementing the strategy provided by management

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