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22/8/2017 Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification
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Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification
This specification covers the minimum basic

requirements for various aspects of the above
ground piping and in trench piping for the
industrial plants as follow:
a) Shop and filed fabrication and erection of

piping.
b) Installation of in-line instrument items like

orifice flanges, control valves, rota meters,
safety valves, etc.
c) Installation of items like line mounted

filters, ejectors sample cooler, etc.
d) Installation of expansion joints.

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e) Fabrication & erection of pipe supports

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including installation of spring supports, etc.
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both shop and field fabrication include cutting,
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threading, bending, welding, bolting, etc.
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Administration of material certificates, welding
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Piping Inspection operations and execution, administration of all
destructive & non-destructive examination and Piping Inspec
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all testing operations as required by the
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Rebar Coupler applicable procedure and standards.
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systems
1.1. Where this specification and the
Piping Shop Ad www.gboslaser.c
Fabrication... petroleum refinery piping code ASME B31.3
conflict, this standard shall govern. Sound
inspection-for-industry.com Piping Shop
Fabrication...
What is theengineering practice shall be followed in the
Welding Map? absence of specified standards or specification
inspection-for-industry.com What is the W
subject to OWNER prior approval.
Welding Map?
Inspection... inspection-for-industr
1.2.
CODES AND STANDARDS - Piping
Fabrication and Erection Welding Inspe
Piping Design Procedure /...
Specification inspection-for-industr
SpecificationStandards referred to in this
specification shall be the latest editions, Piping Design

ASME Code
Specification
Section 8 including all revisions and addenda as listed
inspection-for-industry.com inspection-for-industr
below:
Piping Hanging ASME Code S
and Support... Process Piping 8
ASME B31.3
Radiographic Piping Hangin
Testing Procedure Support...
Unified Inch Screw Threads
ASME B1.1 inspection-for-industr
Pressure Vessel
Inspections Radiographic
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
inspection-for-industry.com Testing Proced
ASME B1.20.1 inspection-for-industr
Piping Stress
Analysis... Pressure Vess
inspection-for-industry.com Inspections
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS
1/2” ASME B16.5 inspection-for-industr
I will be updating and
Piping Stress
growing this site with
Through NPS 24” Analysis...
more and more of
industrial inspection
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Fittings ASME B16.9
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my monthly Treaded ASME B16.11
newsletter so you
don't miss a thing. Butt Welding Ends
ASME B16.25
Email Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

ASME B18.2.2
Welded and seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

Enter Your ASME B36.10
First Stainless Steel Pipe

Name ASME B36.19
(optional) Wrought Stainless Steel Butt Welding Fittings

MSS-SP-43
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Subscribe ASME-VIII
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

ASME-IX
1.3. RELATED ENGINEERING &

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
The following specifications are applied as

supplement of this specification.
A. Piping Material
B. Construction Work for

Piping
C. Pressure Test of Piping System
D. Cleaning for Pipe Lines
E. Welding Procedure for

Piping
F. Welder Qualification Test
G. Inspection & Test of Piping

Construction
H. Piping hanging & support
I. Piping Design
J. Marking & Color Coding
K. Painting Specification
2. DEFINITION
2.1. DIVISION OF WORK
All piping will be fabricated by a field

construction crew either in a pipespool
fabrication shop hereinafter referred to as the
"shop” (as per ------) or in‑place hereinafter
called the "field".
2.2. PIPE SPOOL DEFINITION - Piping

Fabrication and Erection Specification
The word pipespool, as used in this

specification, is a unit of prefabricated piping
consisting of pipe, fittings, flanges, and other
components integral to the assembly. This
piping is assembled in the shop and conveyed

to the construction site for installation.
2.3. PIPE SPOOL INDEX
All pipespools to be constructed by the fabricator

are listed in the Pipespool Index. Each index is in
numerical order for each field assembly area. The
shop shall fabricate the pipespools in the order they
are listed in the index, unless a list giving some
other priority is provided by Consultant.
The index will show for each pipespool the

pipespool number, quantity of identical
pipespools, revision mark, line number,
material class, and special information or
treatment. The assembly area, revision date,
and material are given at the top of each
sheet. Included with each index for each area
is a Pipespool Index Revision page. This page
is a record of all revisions to the pipespool
index. The shop shall fill out and keep current
the information columns on the pipespool
indexes, and provide copies to Consultant
when requested or completed.
3. DRAWING APPLICATION
3.1. PIPESPOOL INDEX
All pipelines are identified with the line

classification on the plan and isometric
drawing.
3.2. EXTENT OF PIPESPOOLS
Where field installed material connects to shop

fabricated pipespools, the shop fabricated
spool will include all branch connections for
field piping, up to the first field butt weld, first
field socket weld, first screwed connection, or
first flanged joint including the first flange.
Pipespools in all sizes of butt welded and

socket welded construction will be
prefabricated in the shop. Threaded piping
and threaded components which are installed
as attachments to shop fabricated pipespools
shall be termed field installed materials.
Straight runs of piping indicated as random
piping are not pipespools. These straight runs
are installed by the field crews in random
lengths. The division between the three
different types is shown on the drawings as
indicated in figure.
Here, "S" means shop fabricated, "F" means

field‑installed material and "R" stands for
field‑installed random lengths. "FW" is a weld
done in the field.
3.3. ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS - Piping

Consultant will provide the isometric drawings for

all 1-1/2 inch and larger for stainless steel and 2
inch and larger for carbon steel. The isometric
drawing will show also combined line number,
equipment nozzles to which the pipeline is
connected, call outs and high point vents and low
point drains. A bill of material take off for the
isometric shall be attached. The bill shall include
the code, size, quantity and description for each
piping component.
3.4. SYMBOLS
Drawing symbols used on the piping drawings

are defined on legend. The following
definitions specify what is required when
certain letter symbols are used on the
drawings.
"FW" A field weld is the joining of two components,

beveled for welding, made to drawing dimensions,
and to be welded at the construction site.
"FU" A fit‑up weld is a field weld that allows

some dimensional adjustment of a pipe spool
during final assembly. One of the mating ends is
square‑cut 3 inches longer than the dimensions
required. The other mating end is bevel‑cut to the
exact dimension indicated on the drawings.
"DW" A dummy weld is a weld connecting a

supporting appurtenance to a pipeline. The
support is an extension of the piping but with no
connection into the fluid stream.
3.5. FIELD WELDS
The Construction contractor shall locate on the

piping erection drawings, field welds or fit‑up welds
as required for site erection, except no location will
be shown for socket weld connections between
pipe spools built in the shop and those built at the
construction site.
3.6. DIMENSIONS
Unless otherwise specify all dimensions

terminating at a flange are measured from the
gasket face for raised‑face flanges and
flat‑face flanges, and the raised face of
ring‑joint flanges. Gaskets are indicated by a
short line placed beside or between the
dimension limit lines. Only gaskets which have
a different thickness than the material class
gasket are dimensioned.
Whenever an overall dimension does not

appear on a drawing, the dimension is
assumed to be the sum of individual standard
fitting lengths coincident with the piping line
class material.
4. FABRICATION
4.1. GENERAL - Piping Fabrication and

Erection Specification
Fabrication works shall comply with the

drawings and this specification including
relevant Engineering and Construction
Specifications.
4.1.1. All weld numbers and welder’s

identification number shall be painted close to
the weld, to enable trace ability of each weld
and each welder, socket welds shall be
numbered per fitting, e.g. S.W tee has one
weld number.
4.1.2. Construction Contractor shall maintain

the color coding on piping materials to allow
easy and quick reference in accordance with
the project engineering specification.
4.1.3. All materials included in the finished

piping systems shall be undamaged.
4.1.4. Construction Contractor must provide

adequate protection for piping, flange faces,
threaded connections, etc. to prevent damage
during handling and storage. Construction
Contractor shall ensure that flange faces are
protected from corrosion or rust.
4.1.5. Piping shall be stored in a relatively

clean, dry or well drained area on elevated
dunnage and protected against contact with
salts or salty water.
4.1.6. All attachments to piping, i.e. saddles,

pads, etc. are to be made of same material to
the pipe.
4.2. DIMENSIONAL - Piping Fabrication

and Erection Specification
TOLERANCE
4.2.1. Wrought Bends
A. Wrought bends shall show no significant marks

or corrugations and shall be smooth and regular in
outline. Flattening shall not exceed 8% of the pipe
outside diameter for pressure duties, or 3% of the
pipe outside diameter for vacuum duties. There
shall be no significant thinning when the pipe bend
radius is 5 x nominal diameter or greater.
B. In general thickness stainless steel pipe of

equivalent to schedule 10S and thinner shall not be
bent.
4.2.2. Pipe Dimensions
Tolerances shall be ±1.5mm from flange face to

flange face, or centerline of pipe to flange face.
4.2.3. Flange Face
Flange faces shall not be concave. Convexity

from flange bore to joint face periphery shall
not exceed 0.15mm per centimeter width of
joint face.
4.2.4. Squareness of Flanges
Flanges shall be square to the axis of the pipe to

within an angle of 0° ‑ 18' (0.3°) I.E. 0.05mm per
centimeter measured across the face of the flange,
with the pipe adequately supported.
4.2.5. Bolt Holes of Flanges
Flange bolt holes shall straddle the established

centerlines (Horizontal or vertical). However,
flanged connections on equipment may vary and
should be individually checked. When these
connections differ, the bolt hole orientation shall be
indicated on the isometric piping detail sheet. Holes

in double flanged pipes shall be correctly aligned.
4.3. WELD DETAILS - Piping Fabrication

4.3.1. Butt Welds
The term "Butt‑Weld" refers to circumferential

butt joints only. Special requirements may be
imposed where longitudinal welds are to be
made and these welds shall not be carried out
before Consultant has approved the methods
to be used. Longitudinal and spiral welds
existing in pipes as produced at the mill are
outside the scope of this specification.
4.3.2. Weld Preparation
Weld preparation shall be in accordance with

the following:
A. Preparation standard shall be applied to ASME

B31.3 and the modifications to the standard
contained within clause 5.3.6 of this specification.
B. Ends shall be beveled or square cut for welding

as follows:
1) Beveled for wall thickness greater than 2.3mm
2) Square cut for wall thickness 2.3 mm and less
4.3.3. Root Gaps
Spacers shall be used while tack welding pipe

and fittings in position to insure proper gap and
full penetration in welding. The tack welds
complying with the requirements of ASME
B31.3, 328.5.1(C) may be allowed to become a
part of the finished weld, whereas those not
complying are not acceptable and must be

chipped out before completing the weld.
4.3.4. Bore Matching and Alignment
Bore matching and alignment shall be in

accordance with ASME B31.3. Where pipe,
fittings and flanges are to be joined by
circumferential butt‑welds, the corresponding
parts shall be modeled and matched so that
any misalignment at the inside of the piping
shall not exceed 1/16 inch at any point of the
circumference of the joint.
Fit‑up work may include pressing, hammering, local

heating or grinding as required to reduce any
misalignment due to diameter tolerances,
out‑of‑roundness or unequal wall thickness of the
parts of less than 1/16 inch. parts having unequal
wall thickness and bores shall be prepared in
accordance with one of the details shown in
ASME B31.3.
4.3.5. Cutting
A. Pipes may be cut mechanically by sawing

or grinding machine.
B. Cutting method involving heating e.g. Flame

or arc cutting for carbon steel are allowed
providing the cut edge is machined or ground
back sufficiently far to give specified parent
material properties at the cut edge with a minimum
of 1.5 mm.
C. Plasma‑jet cutting may be use to cut

austenitic stainless steel pipes and other
materials.
D. Flame cutting of austenitic stainless steel pipe

is not allowed.
E. Other methods of cutting may be used

providing written approval is obtained from
Consultant.
4.3.6. Welding Position of Longitudinal Seams
Longitudinal seams in seam welded pipe shall be

located so as to clear openings and external
attachments possible. Longitudinal seams in
adjoining courses shall be preperably at 180°but
a minimum between seams are in accordance with
construction specification.
4.4. BRANCH WELDS - Piping Fabrication

Branch connections shall be located as

indicated on the piping detail sheet or isometric
piping drawings. All branch connections shall
be designed in accordance with Para. 304.3 of
ASME B31.3. Forged or extruded branch
connections are preferred.
4.4.1. No Fitting
Branches shall be of 'Stub‑in' design in accordance

with Construction Specification 0000-S1830-003
and ASME B31.3.
4.4.2. Forged branch attachments (Brancholets)

shall be of the type specified on Consultant's
drawings and fitted accurately to the contours of
the run pipe.
4.4.3. Reinforcing Pads
A. For pressure reinforcement
Reinforcing pads required by the referenced code

or by piping detail sheets shall be provided with at
least one vent hole if fully welded. The hole shall be
drilled and tapped with a 1/8 inch pipe thread for
testing and venting. The tapped hole shall be

plugged using wood, plastic or mastic material not
capable of retaining pressure.
B. For structural attachment
Reinforcing pads for structural attachment shall be

provided with an untapped hole of 1/4 inch (6 mm)
diameter for venting.
C. Where reinforcing pads are fitted either for

branches or structural attachments they shall be
accurately shaped so that no gap larger than 1/8
inch (3.0mm), measured before welding, shall exist
between the periphery of the pad and the pipe to
which it fits.
4.4.4. Mitered Bends
Mitered bends shall be in accordance with piping

material specification ------. The number of cuts
shall be as stated on the drawing. Mitered bends
are used only when specified on the drawings and
shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 Chapter
V. A joint efficiency not exceeding 70% shall be
used in the strength calculations for mitered bends.
The welds in mitered bends shall penetrate the full
thickness of the pipe and the bead on the inside of
the throat shall be smooth and have an even
curvature. In order to prevent a notch effect.
4.4.5. Beveled Ends
Refer to Construction Specification XXX
4.4.6. Fillet Welds
Refer to Construction Specification XXX
4.5. BENDING - Piping Fabrication and

4.5.1. Bends shall conform dimensionally to the

drawings and relevant clauses of this specification.
Hot bend is not permitted.
4.5.2. Cold Bending
A. Cold bends to a centerline radius greater than

five (5) times the nominal pipe diameter may be
manufactured without a subsequent heat treatment
unless a heat treatment is specified on the project
specification, piping detail sheets, or isometric
drawings.
B. Cold bends to a radius less than five (5) times

the nominal pipe diameter is not allowed.
C. Bending after completion of fabrication to meet

dimensional requirements shall not be carried out
without the approval of the engineer.
5. WELDING - Piping Fabrication and

5.1. WELDING PROCESS - Piping

5.1.1. Basic welding requirements are to be in

accordance with ASME B31.3. Welders shall
be approved in accordance with the relevant
clauses of this standard.
5.1.2. Welding shall be carried out by one, or a

combination of the following processes:
A. Shield metal arc welding (SMAW)
B. Inert gas metal (MIG)
C. Tungsten inert gas with filler wire (TIG)
The (SMAW) and (TIG) processes are

preferred as welding process.
5.1.3. Backing rings shall not be used

without prior written content and approval of
Consultant.
5.1.4. Where tack welding is carried out, tacks

shall be as large as possible and to the satisfaction
of the Consultant inspection. Tack welds shall be
removed so that they do not form part of the
finished weld unless they are produced fully
qualified and tested welders to the same procedure
as the finished weld, in which case they may be
absorbed into the finished weld.
5.1.5. Flange faces shall be kept free from

weld spatter and arc strike.
5.2. WELDING PROCEDURE - Piping

5.2.1. Welding procedures are to be qualified

in accordance with the ASME boiler and
pressure vessel code section IX and ASME
B31.3, and shall be approved by Consultant
before any work is carried out.
5.2.2. Welder's competence shall be determined in

accordance with Welder Qualification Test
5.2.3. It is fabricator's responsibility to

reference each weld to its welder and correct
procedure.
5.2.4. Electrodes and filler wires shall

conform to the requirements specified in para.
7.1.
5.2.5. Requirements for mixed metal welds

are specified in para. 6.
5.2.6. Fusion faces may be prepared by

sawing, chipping, machining or grinding. They
shall be smooth and free from defects and
together with the adjacent material shall be

thoroughly cleaned of oil, grease, paint and
shall be free from all rust, scale, ice/water for a
distance of 50 mm from the edge of the weld.
5.2.7. The visible surface of all welds are to be

clean of slag, regular uniform in contour, without
undercuts, crack or blowholes and free from
spatter.
5.2.8. Weld reinforcement: The thickness of

weld reinforcement shall not exceed the
following, considering the thinner component
being joined:
Component Thickness (in.) Maximum

Reinforcement (in.)
1/2 and Under 1/8
from 1/2 to 1 5/32
Over 1 3/16
For double welded joints this limitation on

reinforcement shall apply separately to the weld
reinforcement inside and outside. The finished
internal and external surfaces of the weld shall
merge smoothly into the component surfaces or the
weld toe.
5.2.9. When unacceptable defects are found in

complete welds, they are to be removed by
grinding, chipping or machining.
5.2.10. The basic principles of the welding

procedure initially used are to be employed for
repair of faulty welds.
5.3. SPECIAL PROCESS CONTROL

- Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification
5.3.1. Work control procedure shall be

prepared prior to start the special process such
as heat treatment. Processing and result of
special process shall be recorded and
maintained to verify the work quality.
5.3.2. Heat Treatment of flame‑cut edges for

carbon steel is not required when the edges
are dressed back in accordance with para.
4.3.5. B where dressing back proves to be
impossible, then such undressed or partly
dressed edges shall be stress relieved before
welding.
5.3.3. Preheating - Piping Fabrication and

A. When the welding procedure does not include

pre‑heating and the ambient conditions are such
that the metal temperature of the parts to be
welded are below 4°C, the surface in a zone
extending 15 mm each side of the joint is to be
heated to 20°C "Handwarm" before welding
commences.
B. Preheating shall be carried out in accordance

with ASME B31.3 unless para. 5.3.4. A applies.
C. In addition to the requirements of ASME

B31.3, when rutile and cellulosic electrodes are
used, then preheat shall be applied on wall
thicknesses of 20 mm (3/4") and above.
5.3.4. Normalizing
Normalizing shall be carried out as follows:
Temperature 920°C/950°C
Time/Inch of Thickness 1 Hour
Minimum soaking time 1/2 Hour
Cooling shall be uniform at a rate less than

250°Cper hour down to 300°C, thereafter cool
in still air.
5.3.5. Stress Relieving - Piping Fabrication and

A. Irrespective of pipe wall thickness, PWHT

shall be performed on all type joints butt,
socket, etc, for piping classes A2T3MR,
AUT3P, B2T3MR, B2T6MR, D2T3MR, A2D2,
B2D2V, BCDX, D2D2V, for other piping classes
PWHT shall be carried out in accordance with
ASME B31.3.
B. After completion of final P.W.H.T. hardness

test shall be performed in accordance with
ASME B31.3. One test is required in the weld
and one test is required in the heat affected
zone (HAZ).
C. Welds produced in austenitic stainless steel

shall not require stress relief, unless this is
specifically called for in the drawings or
pipeline specifications.
5.3.6. Temperature Measurement
Temperature measurement shall be in accordance

with ASME B31.3.
5.3.7. A record of the time/temperature for

normalising and stress relief must be kept.
6. MIXED METAL WELDS - Piping

6.1. CARBON AND AUSTENITIC

STAINLESS STEELS - Piping Fabrication and
6.1.1. Where welds are to be produced between

carbon steels and austenitic stainless steels, the
weld procedures, welding techniques etc., shall be
those appropriate to the austenitic stainless steel.
6.1.2. Electrodes and filler wire shall be ER

309, E309, or ER NiCr3, ENiCr Fe3 the choice
depending on service conditions. Any heat
treatment required shall be that appropriate to
the grade and thickness of carbon steel
involved. The welding procedure proposed
shall be approved in writing by Consultant.
6.2. LOW ALLOY (CHROME

MOLYBDENUM, ETC.) AND CARBON
STEELS
6.2.1. Where welds are to be produced between

low alloy steels and carbon steels, the above
procedures, electrodes, filler wires, welding
technique and heat treatment etc., shall be
appropriate to the grade and thickness of the low
alloy steel involved. Electrodes must be of the
basic type.
6.3. DIFFERENT GRADES OF AUSTENITIC

STAINLESS STEELS - Piping Fabrication and
Where welds are to be produced between

differing grades of stainless steels, the weld
procedures, electrodes, filler wires, welding
techniques, etc., shall be those required by the
higher grade of material.
6.4. LOW ALLOY (CHROMIUM

MOLYBDENUM ETC.) AND AUSTENITIC
STAINLESS STEEL - Piping Fabrication and
6.4.1. Where welds are to be produced

between low alloy steels and austenitic
stainless steels, the weld procedures, welding

techniques, etc., shall be those appropriate to
the austenitic stainless steel.
6.4.2. Electrodes and filler wires shall in

general be of higher alloy content than the
austenitic stainless steel. Any heat treatment
required shall be that appropriate to the grade
and thickness of low alloy steel involved.
7. MATERIALS - Piping Fabrication and

7.1. ELECTRODES AND FILLER WIRES
7.1.1. For Carbon Steel Pipes
A. All electrode and filler wires shall comply with

AWS A5.1, AWS A5.2 and AWS A5.18.
B. Electrodes to be used for general butt welding

of low carbon steel pipes will be as follows:
1) Pipe wall thickness up to 19 mm (0.75") use

cellulosic electrodes E6010 and E7018.
2) Pipe wall thickness 19mm (0.75") and above

and special carbon steel (for low temperature or
high carbon content), ER70S-3 & basic electrodes
E7018.
7.1.2. For Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.9.
B. Electrodes to be used for general butt welding

of austenitic stainless steel will be rutile type
EXXX‑16.
7.1.3. For Alloy Steel Pipes

AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.5.
B. Welding electrodes to be used for general butt

welding of alloy steel piping shall be as follows:
PIPE ELECTRODE ASTM SPECIFICATION A335

AWS-ASTM CLASSIFICATION Grade P9, 9%Cr-
1% Mo Grade P7, 7%Cr-1/2% Mo Grade P5,
5%Cr-1/2% Mo Grade P22, 2-1/4%Cr-1% Mo
Grade P11, 1-1/4%Cr-1/2% Mo Grade P12, 1%Cr-
2% Mo E 505-15 E 7Cr-15 E 502-15 E9018-B3
E8018-B2 E8018-B2
7.1.4. For Carbon‑Molybdenum Alloy‑Steel

Pipes

AWS A5.5.
B. Welding electrode shall be 7018 A1.
7.1.5. Welding Dissimilar Metals
A. The dissimilar metal welds should be avoided

whenever possible, using instead some mechanical
joint such as a thread or flanged connection.
B. There are innumerable combination of

dissimilar alloys which could be jointed, and most
of these combinations are special cases which
must be handled on an individual basis, with the
welding procedure depending on the intended use.
C. The composition of the joining metal must be

compatible with both alloys, or a buffer layer must
be placed between them.
D. If high temperatures are involved, particularly if

cycle, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the
parent metals and diluted weld metal must be
considered.
E. If hardenable alloys are involved, consideration

must be given to eliminating hard areas and brittle
areas, or to restoring strength, hardness and
toughness, depending on whether or not the
design requires a high strength member.
F. If corrosion is involved, galvanic attack and

resistance to process corrodents must be taken
into account.
G. Mechanical, formability and other fabrication

operations may require special consideration.
H. Welding electrodes shall be in accordance

with Specification XXX.
7.1.6. The particular brands of electrodes and

wires chosen shall be approved in writing by the
engineer before use.
7.1.7. Storage of electrodes and other welding

materials shall be in accordance with the
vendor's instructions.
7.1.8. Refer to following specification for

complete list of electrodes and filler materials.
7.2. GRINDING WHEELS - Piping Fabrication

7.2.1. For Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
A. Grinding shall be carried out using resin bonded

alumina or silicon carbide grinding wheels. Rubber
bonded wheels or wheels containing sulphur shall
not be used.
A. Wheels previously used on ferritic steels

shall not be used on the carbon steels.
7.3. WIRE BRUSHES - Piping Fabrication and

All wire brushes used on austenitic stainless steel

pipes shall be of stainless steel.
8. INSPECTION AND TEST - Piping

Inspection shall be in accordance with ASME

B31.3 and the following inspection
requirements.
8.1. PROCEDURE AND RECORD - Piping

8.1.1. Inspection and test procedure/plan shall be

prepared and approved prior to inspection activity.
8.1.2. Result of inspection and test shall be

recorded and maintained to verify the quality of
items and activities.
8.2. RADIOGRAPHY
Radiography shall be applied in accordance with

Inspection & Test of Piping Construction
8.3. VISUAL EXAMINATION
Visual examination shall be carried out in

accordance with Inspection & Test of Piping
Construction
8.4. PRESSURE TEST
8.4.1. Pressure testing shall be carried out in

accordance with ASME B31.3 and Pressure Test of
Piping System
8.4.2. Extent of pressure testing shall be

indicated on the line list.
8.4.3. Pressure testing shall be hydrostatic unless

otherwise stated.
8.4.4. Shop testing of finished fabricated piping

is not required unless specified.
8.4.5. Where site hydraulic testing is to be

avoided, all shop fabricated piping, including
make‑up lengths and lengths with loose flanges,
shall be shop tested hydraulically. Provision shall
be made by the fabricator for closing the open ends
of pipe for this test. Where this procedure is
required, it will be specified on the drawings
and pipeline specifications.
8.4.6. All pressure testing shall be carried out after

the application of any specified heat treatment.
8.4.7. For austenitic stainless steel pipelines,

hydrostatic tests shall be carried out using clean
water unless other fluids are specified on the
drawings or pipeline specifications. Particular
attention must be paid to using potable water.
Chlorine content of less than 50 PPM should be
used wherever possible, water having a chlorine
content above 100 ppm should not be used in any
circumstances, and where it is necessary to use
water within a range of 50‑100 ppm, lines shall be
flushed with a chlorine‑free liquid with a short
period of testing.
9. CLEANING - Piping Fabrication and

9.1 All bores of all fabricated piping shall be

free from all sand, scale, weld spatter etc. refer
also to para. 5.2.7 and 5.2.8.
9.2. If special cleaning is required, this will be the

subject of a special specification.
9.3. The cleaning of austenitic stainless steel

pipe surfaces prior to welding shall not involve
the use of hydrochloric acid, chlorine
compounds, or water with a chloride content in

excess of 50 ppm.
10. PROTECTION AND PACKING
10.1. DRAINING OF BORES - After

hydrostatic testing and cleaning, where
specified, the bores of pipes shall be
thoroughly drained and the ends immediately
sealed in accordance with para. 10.2.
10.2. PROTECTION - Piping Fabrication and

10.2.1. Pipe‑ends and flange faces shall be

properly protected against the ingress of dirt,
mechanical damage and atmospheric
corrosion. The term "pipe‑end" shall include
any weld preparation. The protection applied
shall not be capable of passing into the bore of
the pipe.
10.2.2. Threaded connections shall be fitted

with a line class plug or covered with a plastic
sheet securely wired or taped to the spool.
10.2.3. Socket weld connections shall be fitted

with taped polyethylene plugs or plastic sheet
securely wired or taped to the spool.
11. ERECTION - Piping Fabrication and

11.1. VALVES
Valves equipped with chain wheels shall have the

stems arranged so that chains do not fall on
equipment. Hooks shall be provided to hold chains
clear of operating areas. Chain wheels will be
shown on the piping drawings. Install valves so
that the stems are not below a horizontal position.
Orient all valves so that the hand wheels do not

obstruct passageways.
11.2. FLANGED JOINTS - Piping Fabrication

Protect all flange faces from damage. Take care not

to mar the faces of the flanges. Bring all flanged
joints up flush so that the entire flange face bears
uniformly on the gasket, and then take up with
uniform bolt tension. In bolting joints with spiral
wound gaskets, the gasket shall be compressed
until the raised faces of the flanges uniformly
contact the compression gauge ring.
11.3. FLANGED OR BUTT WELDED

EQUIPMENT CONNECTION
A flange cover shall be kept on all flanged

connections to pumps, compressors, turbines, and
similar equipment until ready to connect the piping.
Piping connecting to mechanical equipment, such
as pumps, turbines, and compressors shall be
fitted‑up in close parallel and lateral alignment,
prior to tightening the bolting or welding the joints.
The installation shall be approved by the inspector
prior to tightening the bolting. Carbon steel piping
that has not required post‑weld heat treatment may
be heated for minor corrections in fit. The
temperature shall not exceed 660℃ Cooling of the
pipe shall not be accelerated by the application of
water. The inspector shall be notified when heating
for fit‑up is required.
11.4. RESTRICTIONS - Piping Fabrication

All restrictions which would interfere with filling,

venting, draining, or flushing shall not be installed
until after completion of the pressure test and line
flushing operations. This includes orifice plates,
flow nozzles, venturis, rotameters, PD meters,
turbine meters, magnetic meters, strainer screens,

and similar in‑the‑line equipment.
11.5. TEMPORARY GASKETS - Piping

Protect gaskets from damage until final installation

is complete. When temporary make up at flanged
joints is required in piping systems using special
gaskets, make up the joint with a less expensive
sheet gasket and save the special gasket for the
final installation.
11.6. PIPE SUPPORTS - Piping Fabrication

All field supports shall be installed in accordance

with the standard drawings. If the field supports
are not installed or are unavailable when the piping
is erected, use temporary blocking or other
adequate means of support until the field supports
can be installed. Careful consideration must be
given to the support of 2‑inch and smaller piping to
prevent excessive deflection.
11.7. EXPANSION JOINTS - Piping

Check the expansion joint specification for special

instructions. Corrugated expansion joints shall be
installed with length extended or compressed for
the ambient temperature condition at erection,
depending on anticipated direction and magnitude
of movement after the line reaches the operating
temperature. Make a final check to see that
shipping ties have been removed after line tests
and that any preset that may be specified has been
accounted for.
11.8. TEMPORARY STRAINERS - Piping

Temporary suction strainers shall be installed at the

suction nozzles of all pumps and compressors
before pipeline flushing. They shall be located
between the suction block valve and the
equipment.
11.9. SPRING HANGERS - Piping

The variable and constant support type spring

hangers are preset, for the cold condition, in the
factory. The gags and shipping spacers should be
removed until after hydrostatic testing of the line
has been completed.
Any dimensional adjustments that have to be made

to the load flange on the compression‑type springs,
or to the rod assembly on suspended‑type springs,
should be made before the gags are removed.
Once the spring is unblocked it is very difficult to
make any adjustments.
11.10. PLATFORM HOLES - Piping

Platform holes for piping have been sized for pipe

or insulation outside diameter plus approximately
25mm clearance. Field welds are necessary for the
installation of flanged pipespools unless the
platform supports are intended to be clear of piping,
the field shall add or relocate any structural
supports and stiffeners required because of holes
made for piping.
11.11. THREADED CONNECTIONS - Piping

All pipe threads shall be taper‑pipe threads in

accordance with ASME B1.20.1 without exception.
Teflon tape shall be used for all threaded joints
where the design temperature in 205°C or below.
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AB-522 Standard Pneumatic Test Procedure Requirements

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22/8/2017 Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification

Home General Fix Equipment Rotary Equipment E & I Equipment

Third Party Inspection

Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification

This specification covers the minimum basic

a) Shop and filed fabrication and erection of

b) Installation of in-line instrument items like

c) Installation of items like line mounted

d) Installation of expansion joints.

e) Fabrication & erection of pipe supports

specification shall be the latest editions, Piping Design

Please subscribe to Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and

Email Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

Welded and seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

First Stainless Steel Pipe

(optional) Wrought Stainless Steel Butt Welding Fittings

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

1.3. RELATED ENGINEERING &

The following specifications are applied as

B. Construction Work for

C. Pressure Test of Piping System

D. Cleaning for Pipe Lines

E. Welding Procedure for

F. Welder Qualification Test

G. Inspection & Test of Piping

H. Piping hanging & support

J. Marking & Color Coding

2.1. DIVISION OF WORK

All piping will be fabricated by a field

2.2. PIPE SPOOL DEFINITION - Piping

The word pipespool, as used in this

piping is assembled in the shop and conveyed

2.3. PIPE SPOOL INDEX

All pipespools to be constructed by the fabricator

The index will show for each pipespool the

3.1. PIPESPOOL INDEX

All pipelines are identified with the line

3.2. EXTENT OF PIPESPOOLS

Where field installed material connects to shop

Pipespools in all sizes of butt welded and

Here, "S" means shop fabricated, "F" means

3.3. ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS - Piping

Consultant will provide the isometric drawings for

Drawing symbols used on the piping drawings

"FW" A field weld is the joining of two components,

and to be welded at the construction site.

"FU" A fit‑up weld is a field weld that allows

"DW" A dummy weld is a weld connecting a

3.5. FIELD WELDS

The Construction contractor shall locate on the

Unless otherwise specify all dimensions

Whenever an overall dimension does not

4.1. GENERAL - Piping Fabrication and

Fabrication works shall comply with the

4.1.1. All weld numbers and welder’s

4.1.2. Construction Contractor shall maintain

4.1.3. All materials included in the finished

4.1.4. Construction Contractor must provide

4.1.5. Piping shall be stored in a relatively

4.1.6. All attachments to piping, i.e. saddles,

4.2. DIMENSIONAL - Piping Fabrication

4.2.1. Wrought Bends

A. Wrought bends shall show no significant marks