Class 10th English

Paper I governmentexams.co.in
Section – I – Vocabulary (20 Marks) Part I
Question No. 1 – Synonyms (5 Marks):

1. glum – sullen, dejected, displeased 44. corridors – passages

2. ragged – untidy 45. erupt – suddenly happen
3. wizened – looking old 46. torrent – outpour
4. parchment – a piece of paper 47. swarm – crowd
5. piteous – sad, sorrowful 48. jostle – push thoroughly
6. coarse – rough cloth 49. unsustainable – cannot be maintained
7. alms – offerings 50. exodus – mass movement
8. forlorn – forsaken, lonely 51. punch – hit
9. commissioned – ordered 52. decade – a period of ten years
10. popular – well known 53. pursuit – chase
11. amazing – surprising 54. triumphantly – victoriously
12. battered – beaten out of shape 55. denied – refused
13. extended – offered 56. tragedy – sad happening
14. patched – sewn up 57. tortured – made to suffer
15. articulate – to express thoughts/feelings 58. brutality – cruelty
16. rising – replying/responding 59. hide and seek – evades
17. figure out – make out 60. campaigned – achieve something
18. unquenchable – unsatisfied 61. diligence – a steady effort
19. irreverent – not showing respect 62. initiating – starting
20. reverent – respectful 63. challenge – a difficult task
21. tender – offer 64. implementation – carried out
22. discharged – carried out 65. penalized – punished
23. privilege – benefit 66. valour – bravery
24. privileged – prestigious 67. scantily – insufficiently
25. suffice – enough 68. notching – quitting
26. exacting – demanding 69. contrivances – machines
27. truism – a true statement 70. reverence – respect
28. invidious – unjust 71. opulence – richness
29. indispensable – essential 72. staunch – steadfast
30. earnestness – seriousness 73. magnanimous – splendid
31. unsophisticated – simple/natural 74. grandiose – impressive
32. unfits – unsuits 75. herculean – mighty
33. prey – victim 76. patronage- support
34. acquiescence – acceptance without protest 77. voyagers – travelers
78. legislated – made into a law
35. generous – benevolent
36. hostile – opposing
37. accomplishment – ability/skill
38. soaring – rising/increasing
39. scramble – struggle
40. heaving – crowding
41. fanned out – spread out
42. rumour – false story
43. panic – fear
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Question No. 2 – Antonyms (5 Marks): governmentexams.co.in

1. inability x ability 52. soaring x lowering

2. eagerly x indifferently 53. darkness x brightness
3. piteous x joyous 54. empty x full
4. private x public 55. jamming x pulling
5. cursed x blessed 56. arrived x left
6. friend x enemy/foe 57. nearby x far
7. fortune x misfortune 58. reduce x increase
8. rare x common 59. believe x mistrust
9. popular x unpopular 60. dirty x tidy
10. richest x poorest 61. bitter x sweet
11. true x false 62. enough x insufficient
12. remember x forget 63. low x high
13. loved x hated 64. illegal x legal
14. same x different 65. inhumane x humane
15. observable x unobservable 66. denied x accepted
16. permanent x temporary 67. brutality x humanity
17. external x internal 68. concluded x commenced
18. visible x invisible 69. initiating x finishing
19. fortunate x unfortunate 70. minimum x maximum
20. famous x unpopular 71. clear x unclear
21. physically x mentally 72. penalized x rewarded
22. irrelevant x relevant 73. strong x weak
23. destroyed x created 74. harsh x polite
24. new x old 75. many x few
25. civilian x military 76. bondage x freedom
26. peace x war 77. accept x refuse
27. essential x unimportant 78. lose x gain
28. grateful x ungrateful 79. brave x timid
29. pleasure x pain 80. adult x infant
30. life x death 81. young x old
31. certain x uncertain 82. several x few
32. responsibility x irresponsibility 83. ancient x modern
33. obedience x disobedience 84. traditional x modern
34. advantage x disadvantage 85. valour x timidity
35. secure x insecure 86. impressive x repulsive
36. success x failure 87. lifted x lowered
37. indispensable x unimportant 88. perfect x imperfect
38. naturally x artificially 89. beautiful x ugly
39. better x worse 90. revealed x concealed
40. easy x difficult 91. munificence x meanness
41. continue x discontinue 92. praise x curse/blame
42. reverence x irreverence 93. holy x unholy
43. necessary x unnecessary 94. clean x dirty
44. convenience x inconvenience 95. foreign x local
45. common x uncommon 96. sweet x bitter
46. current x obsolete 97. proud x humble
47. greater x smaller
48. melting x freezing
49. insecurity x safety/security
50. rarely x frequently/often
51. narrow x wide
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 Question No . 3 – Abbreviations (1 Mark): governmentexams.co.in

Abbreviation vd;gJ xU tphptpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fis kl;Lk; nfhz;l RUf;fk;. (v.fh. SBI)
Abbreviations Acronyms
1. PA Personal Assistant 1. TAFE Tractor And Farm Equipment
2. PS Personal Secretary / Post Script 2. TANSI Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
3. BPO Business Process Outsourcing 3. RAM Random Access Memory
4. KPO Knowledge Process Outsourcing 4. ROM Read Only Memory
5. B.Tech Bachelor of Technology 5. LAN Local Area Network
6. SBI State Bank of India 6. AIR All India Radio
7. RRB Railway Recruitment Board 7. UNESCO United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural
Organization
8. UFO United Fund Organization 8. CAT Career Aptitude Test
9. CA Chartered Accountant 9. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
10. UAE United Arab Emirates 10. WHO World Health Organization
11. NGO Non-Governmental Organization 11. SAT Scholastic Aptitude Test
12. SSC Staff Selection Commission
14. PM Prime Minister
15. CM Chief Minister
16 MP Member of Parliament
Question No. 4 – Homophones (1 Mark):
Homophones vd;gJ xNu cr;rhpg;igf; nfhz;l> Mdhy; Spelling kw;Wk; mh;j;jk; NtWgl;l ,uz;L
nrhw;fshFk;.

1. Ramu wants to _____a flat _____ selling his house. (buy/by)

2. Do you ___ the answer?. _____ I don’t. (no/know)
3. I can’t ___ the bell from ____. (here/hear)
4. ____ day on Earth is measured by the ____. (hour/our)
5. The colour of your _____ is the same as that of the __. (hare/hair)
6. The ____ of the ____ is Rs.100. (prize/price)
7. We will set _____ for Japan next week. (sail/sale)
8. We shall ____ you tomorrow. (meat/meet)
9. Everyone must see the ____ (see/sea)

Question No. 5 – American & British English (1 Mark):

British English American English British English American English
Fellow Guy Rise Raise
Jam Jelly Single One way
Bonnet Hood Storm Tempest
Boot Trunk Wash basin Sink
Blind Window Shade Wind screen Wind shield
Chips French Fries Witness box Witness stand
Cutting Clipping Zed Zee
Cot Crib Fire brigade Fire department
Trumpet Horn Torch light Flash light
Jug Pitcher Interval Intermission
Dustbin Trash can Anticlockwise Counterclockwise
Goods train Freight train Shop assistant Sales clerk
Autumn Fall Cupboard Closet
Tap Faucet Film / Cinema Movie
Holiday Vacation Lorry Truck
Sweet Candy Post Mail
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 Question No. 6 – Compound Words (1 Mark): governmentexams.co.in

,U NtW mh;j;jKs;s nrhw;fs; ,ize;J Gjpa nrhy;iyf; nfhLj;jhy; mJ Compound Word MFk;.
Word 1 Word 2 New Word
Head Master Headmaster
Break Fast Breakfast
Child Hood Childhood
Moon Light Moonlight
Car Park Carpark
River Bed Riverbed
Bath Soap Bath soap
Work Shop Work shop
Cricket Ground Cricket ground
Head Light Head Light
Air Port Airport
Fast Food Fastfood
Out Post Outpost
Water Fall Waterfall
Safe Guard Safe Guard
Question No. 7 – Plural Forms (1 Mark):
xUikahff; nfhLf;fg;gLtij gd;ikahf khw;WtNj ,e;j gapw;rpahFk;. fPo;f;fz;l Kiwfspy;
gd;ikahf khw;wyhk;.
epidtpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bait
-is -es Axis Axes
-um -a Datum Data
Example

-a -ae Formula Formulae

-us -i Alumnus Alumni
-oo -ee Tooth Teeth
-x -ces Matrix Matrices
tpjptpyf;Ffs;:
1. Sheep, cattle, deer, aircraft, swine… Mfpatw;Wf;F Singular, Plural xd;Nw.
2. Spectacles, news, premises, species … Mfpatw;Wf;F Singular, Plural xd;Nw.
3. Man-men, woman-women, child-children…. Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fSf;F rpW khw;wq;fs; kl;Lk; Vw;gLj;jTk;.

Question No. 8 – Prefixes and Suffixes (1 Mark):

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijf;F Kd;dhy; rpW mirfis Nrh;g;gJ Prefix MFk;. v.fh. Untidy.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijf;F Kd;dhy; rpW mirfis Nrh;g;gJ Suffix MFk;. v.fh. Cricketer.
Prefix Suffix
Prefix Root Word New Word Suffix Root Word New Word
In Secure Insecure Announce Ment Announcement
Un Fair Unfair Kind Ness Kindness
Ig Noble Ignoble Perform Ance Performance
Un Quenchable Unquenchable Develop Ment Development
In Direct Indirect Hero Ism Heroism
Ultra Violet Ultraviolet Trans Form Transform
Over Load Overload Associate Ion Association
Il Legal Illegal
Ir Responsible Irresponsible
Question No. 10 – Syllabification (1 Mark):
nfhLf;fg;gl;l nrhw;fspy; xd;wpid mirfshfg; gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijia mg;gbNa jkpopy; rhpahd cr;rhpg;Gld; jtwpy;yhky; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
 jkpopy; vOjpa thh;j;ijapy; cs;s Gs;sp itj;j nrhw;fis mbf;f Ntz;Lk;. mbj;jJ Nghf
kPjkpUf;Fk; nrhw;fs; jhd; me;j thh;j;ijapYs;s mirfs; (Syllables).
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 Question No. 11 – Appropriate Word (1 Mark): governmentexams.co.in

rhpahd mh;j;jk; nfhz;l thh;j;ijia fz;Lgpbj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.

1. Cherrapunji people _______ (waste/save) rain water.
2. Raja will ______ (receive/get) a letter next week.
3. He likes to _____ (see/watch) his favourite TV serial the whole hour.
4. He went _____ (abroad/foreign).
5. As the car passed, it _____ (spattered/shook) the rain water.
6. They _____ (prepare/provide) clean drinking water.
7. She _____ (saw/faced) the situation with a positive frame of mind.
8. Vijay is very ______ (handsome/beautiful)

Question No. 12 – Sentence Construction (1 Mark):

nfhLf;fg;gl;l %d;W thh;j;ijfspy; VNjDk; xd;iw Njh;e;njLj;J thf;fpaj;ij mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Construct a sentence using one of the words given below:
a) Life b) live c) lively
 I know the meaning of the word life. (Or)
 I like the word Life. (Or)
 Life is an English word.

Question No. 14 – Choose the Correct Sentence (1 Mark):

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpw;F ,izahd mh;j;jk; nfhz;l thf;fpaj;ij nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhFg;gpypUe;J
vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F nghUj;jkhd rpy thh;j;ijfSk; mjd; mh;j;jq;fSk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
thh;j;ij mh;j;jk; thh;j;ij mh;j;jk;
Nobody ahUkpy;iy No one xUtUkpy;iy
Somebody rpyh; Someone ahNuh xUth;
Everybody midtUk; Everyone xt;nthUtUk;
Anybody ahuhtJ Anyone ahuhtJ
Never xUNghJk; ,y;iy Nowhere vq;NfAk; ,y;iy
None xd;Wk; ,y;iy Somewhere vq;NfahtJ
Ever vg;NghJk; Everywhere vy;yh ,lj;jpYk;
Always vg;NghJk; Anywhere vq;NfahtJ
Hardly mhpjhf Seldom mG+h;tkha;
Which of the two sentences given below conveys the same meaning?
1. He never listens to me.
a) He hardly listens to me b) He seldom listens to me.
Section – II – Grammar (25 Marks) Part I
Question No. 15 – If Clause (1 Mark):
xU nray; ele;jhy; ,d;ndhU nray; elf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;YtJ If Clause my;yJ Conditional Clause
MFk;. ,jpy; %d;W tiffs; cz;L.
No Types Condition Result
Type 1 Probable / Possible Conditions If + Verb (Present Form) Will, won’t, shall, shan’t,
(eilngwf;$ba nray;fs;) (am/is/are/verb+s, es, ies) can, can’t, may.
Type 2 Improbable/Imaginary Conditions If + Verb (Past form)
Would
(fw;gidahd nray;) (were/verb+d,ed,ied,id/verb’s Past form)
Type 3 Unfulfilled Conditions If + Verb (Past Perfect Forms) Would have, wouldn’t
(epiwNtwhj nray;fs;) (had+ Verb’s past participle form) have, could have, couldn’t
have
Tips:
1. tpidr;nrhy; Present (my;yJ am/is/are/v+s) Mf ,Ue;jhy; will/shall/can MFk;.
2. tpidr;nrhy; Past (ed-Nrh;e;J my;yJ was/were) Mf ,Ue;jhy; would/should/could MFk;.
3. Had + tpidr;nrhy; vd ,Ue;jhy; would have/could have/should have MFk;
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 Ex: governmentexams.co.in
1. If you waste water a) you would suffer b) you will suffer c) you would have suffered.
2. If I won lottery a) I would buy a BMW b) I will buy a BMW c) I would have bought a BMW car.
3. If I had come earlier a) I will catch the train b) I would catch train c) I would have caught the train.

Question No. 16 – Sentence Pattern (1 Mark):

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;ij gphpj;J mjd; thf;fpa mikg;igf; fhz Ntz;Lk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; VNjDk; egh;> nghUs; my;yJ ,lk; njhlh;Gilajhf
$wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mJNt me;j thf;fpaj;jpd; Subject MFk;.
Subject (S) Ex:
Chennai is the hottest city.
The students are playing football now.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s egh;> nghUs; my;yJ ,lk; vd;d Ntiy / nray;
nra;jdh; vd;W nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mJNt me;j thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb MFk;.
Verb (V) Ex:
Chennai is the hottest city.
The students are playing football now.
Direct Object(DO):
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; Verb-I Nehf;fp ahiu? vij? vd;w Nfs;tp Nfl;lhy;
fpilf;Fk; tpilahFk;.
Ex:
The students are playing football now.
Object (O) Indirect Object:
nghJthf me, us, him, her, them Mfpa thh;j;ijfisj; jhq;fp tUk; thf;fpak;
ngUk;ghYk; Indirect Object MFk;.
Ex:
My teacher gave me a pen.
His father gave him his school bag.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd; nghUis epiwT nra;a Subject kw;Wk; Verb-Ij; njhlh;e;J
tUk; thh;j;ijfNs Complement MFk;.
 nghJthf Teacher, Prime Minister Nghd;w gjtp kw;Wk; gzpfs; MFk;.
Complement Ex:
He is a teacher.
(C)  Make, name, call, think, elect, choose, consider, approve Nghd;w Main Verb te;J
mjidj; njhlh;e;J tUk; thh;j;ijfs;.
Ex:
We called him Hitler.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; Verb-I Nehf;fp vg;nghOJ? vq;F? vg;gb? Vd;? vt;tsT? vd;w
Nfs;tp Nfl;lhy; fpilf;Fk; tpilNa Adjunct MFk;.
Adjunct (A)
Ex:
The students are playing football now.
Question No. 17 – Question Tag (1 Mark):
vspjhd tHpKiwfs;:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; Neh;kiwah(Positive)> vjph;kiwah(Negative) vd fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 Neh;kiw vdpy; “Not” Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;> vjph;kiw vdpy; vJTk; Nrh;f;f Njitapy;iy.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpYs;s tpidr;nrhy;iyf; (Verb) fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. {is}
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpYs;s ngah;r;nrhy;iyf; (Noun) fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. {he}
 “Let us” te;jhy; “Shall we?” vd;W vOj Ntz;Lk;.
 rarely, seldom, never Mfpa thh;j;ijfs; te;jhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; vjph;kiw Negative vd;W
fUj Ntz;Lk;.

Example: Example:
 He is my friend – Positive Sentence  He is not my friend – Negative Sentence

 Is + He (Not Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;)  Is + He (Not Nrh;f;f Njitapy;iy)

 Is + Not He? = Isn’t he?  Is + He? = Is he?

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Question No. 18 – Degrees of Comparison (1 Mark): governmentexams.co.in

1. nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; No other / Very few vdj; njhlq;fpdhy; as….as / so….as vd tUk; Positive Degree-
I Njh;T nra;f.
2. thf;fpaj;jpy; than te;jhy; more… / …er vd tUk; Comparative Degree-I Njh;T nra;f.
3. thf;fpaj;jpy; the te;jhy; most… / …est vd tUk; Superlative Degree-I Njh;T nra;f.
4. thf;fpaj;jpy; ___f;Fg;gpd; Plural (s-y; KbAk; thh;j;ij) te;jhy; than many / most other my;yJ one of
the Njh;T nra;f.
Example:
1. No other girl in the class is _____ Kamala.
a) most clever as b) more cleverer as c) as clever as
2. Very few boys in the class are _____ Sathish.
a) more brilliant than b) most brilliant c) as brilliant as
3. Lotus is _____ than many other flowers.
a) more beautiful b) as beautiful as c) the most beautiful
4. Rose is one of the ____ flowers.
a) more fragrant b) most fragrant c) as fragrant as
5. The Earth is _____ the moon.
a) as big as b) bigger than c) the biggest

Question No. 19 – Correct meaning (1 Mark):

nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpw;F ,izahd mh;j;jk; nfhz;l thf;fpaj;ij nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhFg;gpypUe;J
vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F nghUj;jkhd rpy thh;j;ijfSk; mjd; mh;j;jq;fSk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
thh;j;ij mh;j;jk; thh;j;ij mh;j;jk;
Nobody ahUkpy;iy No one xUtUkpy;iy
Somebody rpyh; Someone ahNuh xUth;
Everybody midtUk; Everyone xt;nthUtUk;
Anybody ahuhtJ Anyone ahuhtJ
Never xUNghJk; ,y;iy Nowhere vq;NfAk; ,y;iy
None xd;Wk; ,y;iy Somewhere vq;NfahtJ
Ever vg;NghJk; Everywhere vy;yh ,lj;jpYk;
Always vg;NghJk; Anywhere vq;NfahtJ
Hardly mhpjhf Seldom mG+h;tkha;
Exercise: - Choose the sentence which correctly conveys the meaning of the sentence given below:
1. We shall remain ever grateful to you.
a) We shall never be grateful to you.
b) We shall always remain ungrateful to you.
c) We shall always be grateful to you.
2. Nobody can forget how India won her freedom.
a) Everyone cannot forget how India won her freedom.
b) Everyone can remember how India won her freedom.
c) Everyone cannot remember how India won her freedom.
Question No. 20 – Phrases (1 Mark):
Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jkhd Phrase nfhz;L epug;g Ntz;Lk;. rpy Kf;fpakhd kw;Wk; mbf;fb
Nfl;ff;$ba Phrases kw;Wk; mjw;fhd mh;j;jq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Phrase Meaning Phrase Meaning
On account of Inspite of
,Ue;jNghjpYk;
Due to Despite
In the event of On behalf of rhh;ghf
fhuzj;jpdhy;
Owing to According to fUj;Jg;gb
By dint of Calls on nrd;W re;jpj;jy;
Because of By dint of Gydhf
Choose the correct phrase to complete sentence:
1. _____ the heavy rain, the match continued.
a) Inspite of b) In the event of c) because of
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 2. The flight was cancelled ____ the bad weather condition. governmentexams.co.in
a) Fond of b) due to c) because of
3. _______ Shakespeare all the world is a stage.
a) Because of b) according to c) fond of
Question No. 21 – Correct Verb form (Gerund & Infinitive) (1 Mark):
nfhLf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpf;F rhpahd tpidr;nrhy; tbtk; (Verb) vOj Ntz;Lk;.
 Present form verb-f;F Kd; ‘to’ tUtJ Infinitive MFk;. (v.fh- to buy, to get…etc).
 Present form verb cld; ‘ing’ Nrh;e;J tUtJ Gerund MFk;. (v.fh- buying, getting…etc)
vspa Kiw:
 Like, dislike, hates, enjoy, about, on, of, ed- Nrh;e;j Verb te;jhy; Gerund (ing Nrh;e;jij) Njh;T nra;f.
 thf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpNyNa _______ te;jhYk;; Gerund (ing Nrh;e;jij) Njh;T nra;ayhk;.
 Agreed, decided, too, let te;jhy; Infinitive (to Nrh;e;jij) Njh;T nra;f.
 Let, make, see, hear, bid, feel, know, watch te;jhy; to NghlhkNyNa Infinitive–Mf vOjyhk;.
Exercise – Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence:
1. _______ is a good exercise. a) to walk b) walking c) walk
2. He hates _____ chocolates a) eat b) to eat c) eating
3. He agreed _____ me a computer. a) buying b) to buy c) buy
4. Let us ___ to the movie. a) to go b) go c) going
Question No. 22 – Prepositional Phrase (1 Mark):
Prepositional Phrase vd;gJ nrhw;nwhlh; tbt Kd;dpilr;nrhy;. mJ nrhw;nwhlh; tbtk; nfhz;lJ. ,q;F
nghUj;jkhd Prepositional Phrase nfhz;L epug;g Ntz;Lk;. ,f;Nfs;tpiag; nghUj;jtiu Gj;jfj;jpy; 56-k;
gf;fj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nfs;tpfs; kw;Wk; Ke;ija tpdhj;jhs;fspy; Nfl;fg;gl;litfis nra;J
ghh;j;jhNy NghJkhdJ.
Exercise – Choose the correct phrase:
1. They won the match ______ well. a)through playing b) by playing c) on playing
2. She is fond _____ TV. a) for watching b) on watching c) of watching
3. Fools are susceptible ____ a) to flattery b) on flattery c) of flattery
4. He secured the first place ____ hard. a) on working b) of working c) by working
5. Keats is keen ____ poems. a) to writing b) for writing c) on writing
Question No. 23 – Articles (1 Mark):
Articles vd;gjw;F Rl;Lr;nrhw;fs; vd;W nghUs;. ,J ,U tifg;gLk;. 1) Fwpg;G Rl;Lr;nrhy; (Definite
Article – a,an) 2) nghJ Rl;Lr;nrhy; (Indefinite Article – the).
vspa Kiw: mh;j;jq;fs;:
 Dash-f;F gpwF vowel (a,e,I,o,u) sound te;jhy; an-Ij; Njh;T nra;f. a – xU
 Dash-f;F gpwF Consonant sound (nka; xyp) te;jhy; a-Ij; Njh;T nra;f. an – Xh;
 Dash-f;F gpwF superlative (est) te;jhy; the-itj; Njh;T nra;f. the – me;j
 Dash-f;F gpwF plural (s) te;jhy; the-itj; Njh;T nra;f.
 rpwg;ghdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl the-itj; Njh;T nra;ayhk;.
An – Exception A – Exception
an hour ago an hour a university a one rupee coin
an honest man an MLA a European a one way
Exercise – Choose the appropriate article:
1. This is ____ book that I wanted to read. a) a b) an c) the
2. She gave me __ one rupee coin. a) a b) an c) the
3. ___ Bible is a holy book. a) a b) an c) the
4. The sun rises in ___ east. a) a b) an c) the
5. She is drinking ___ cup of milk. a) a b) an c) the
Question No. 24 – Preposition (1 Mark):
Preposition vd;gJ xU thh;j;ij. mJ xU thf;fpaj;jpy; xU ngah;r;nrhy;Yf;F (Noun) Kd;Ngh my;yJ
xU gpujp ngah;r;nrhy;Yf;F (Pronoun) Kd;Ngh mike;J me;j ngah;r;nrhy;Yf;Fk;> gpujp ngah;r;nrhy;Yf;Fk;>
mt;thf;fpaj;jpd; vOtha;f;Fk; (Subject) ,ilNa cs;s njhlh;igf; Fwpf;Fk;.
Word Meaning Sentence
Along (topNa) efh;itf; Fwpf;fpwJ. They move along the highway
At (,y;) Neuk;> ,lk;> efuj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ. Meet me at 10 a.m.
About (gw;wp) xU nghUs;> egiuf; Fwpf;fpwJ. He speaks about Raju.
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 Above (NkNy) cauj;ijf; Fwpg;gJ. God is above to all.
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After (gpwF) Neuk; kw;Wk; egiuf; Fwpg;gJ. We went after him.
Before (Kd;) xd;wpd; Kd;Gwk; ,Ug;gijf; Fwpg;gJ There is a tree before our school.
Beside (mUfpy;) mUfhikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ Raju stands beside Ram
Beyond (mg;ghy;) rpwpJ Jhuk; gw;wp Fwpg;gJ The house is beyond the bridge
By (My;) nraiyr; nra;gth; & Njhuhakhd Neuk; The painting was drawn by Ravi
For (f;fhf) fhyfl;lk;> Nehf;fk;> cjtpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ This book is for my friend
From (,Ue;J) fpsk;Gk; ,lj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. I am from Madurai
In (cs;Ns) tUlk; kw;Wk; nghpa ,lj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ His office is in Chennai
Into (cs;) xU nghUs; & ,lj;jpd; cl;gug;G He fell into the river
Near (mUfpy;) mUfhikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ There is a tree near the school
Of (cila) clikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ He is the son of Prem
On (NkNy) Nkw;gug;G> ehs;> Njjpiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ I was born on June 7, 2000.
Since (ypUe;J) nray; njhlf;fj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ I have been waiting since 10 a.m
To (f;F) NrUkplj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ The bus goes to Chennai
Example – Choose the appropriate Preposition:
1. The cat is ___ the wall. a) by b) on c) of
2. He is ___ home. a)in b) off c) at
3. The students are going __ School. a) for b) at c) to
4. There is a park ___ the house. a) near b) in c) up
5. They are talking ___ you. a) on b) about c) since
Part – II – Transformations – 10 Marks
Question No. 25 – Form a Single Sentence (2 Marks):
nfhLf;f;g;gl;l ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J xNu thf;fpakhf vOj Ntz;Lk;. thf;fpaq;fSf;F
,ilNa and, but, so vOjp ,izg;gJ vspa KiwahFk;.
And - kw;Wk; But - Mdhy; So – mjdhy;
Exercise – From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence:
1. The boy is very short. He cannot climb the tree.
Ans : The boy is very short, so he cannot climb the tree.
2. Sathish heard about his victory. Sathish was overjoyed.
Ans : Sathish heard about his victory, so he was overjoyed.
Question No. 26 – Active & Passive Voice (2 Marks):
Active voice – nra;tpid (mtd; ,jidr; nra;jhd;)
Passive voice – nra;ag;ghl;L tpid (,J mtdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ)
Active Voice to Passive Voice:

Ravi Plays Football

Subject Verb Object

Object Verb by Subject

Football is played by Ravi

Passive voice to Active voice:

1. filrpapy; cs;sij (Subject) Kjypy; vOJ.
2. Is, am, are, was, were, been, being Nghd;w be verb–I ePf;F
3. Be form verb–d; tense-f;F jFe;jhw;Nghy; main verb-I khw;W.
4. ‘By’ vd;w vOj;ij ePf;fTk;.
5. Kjypy; ,Ue;jij (Object) filrpapy; vOJ.
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 Active and Passive in various tenses: governmentexams.co.in
Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice
Simple present Ravi eats a mango A mango is eaten by Ravi
Simple past Ravi played cricket Cricket was played by Ravi
Simple future Ram will drink coffee Coffee will be drunk by Ram
Present continuous Ravi is eating a mango A mango is being eaten by Ravi
Past continuous Ravi was playing cricket Cricket was being played by Ravi
Future continuous Ram will be drinking coffee No Passive
Present perfect Ravi has eaten a mango A mango has been eaten by Ravi
Past perfect Ravi had played cricket Cricket had been played by Ravi
Future perfect Ravi will have played cricket Cricket will have been played by Ravi
Open the door Let the door be opened
Don’t open the door Let the door not be opened
Do this at once Let this be done at once
Commands
Don’t do this Let not this be done
Fwpg;G : thf;fpak; verb-y; njhlq;fpdhy; Let vdj; njhlq;fTk;. Don’t vdj;
njhlq;fpdhy; Let not vdj; njhlq;F.
Question No. 27 – Direct & Indirect speech (2 Marks):
Direct speech – xUth; $Wtij mth; nrhy;YtJ NghyNt jpUg;gpr; nrhy;tJ MFk;. (Neh;f;$w;W)
Indirect speech – kw;wth; $wpaij khw;wp ehk; $WtJ Nghy; $WtJ MFk;. (mah;f;$w;W)
Direct to Indirect – tpjpKiwfs;:

Step I:
1. “…” Nkw;Nfhs;Fwpia ePf;fTk;.
2. Reported verb-I thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;whh; Nghy; khw;wTk;.
3. thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;whh; Nghy Conjuction – I Nrh;f;fTk;.
4. Reported speech – y; cs;s Pronoun – I khw;wTk;.
5. Reported speech – y; cs;s Tense – I khw;wTk;.
6. Interrogative & Exclamatory sentence – fspy; kl;Lk; Reported speech – y; conjuction – f;F gpwF
Kjypy; Subjectk; gpwF Aux verb-k; mikAkhW thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;.
7. Time & Place adverbials-I khw;wTk;.

Parts of Direct & Indirect Speeches:

Reporting Speech Reported Speech

Raja said to Kannan “I am talking with her now”

Speaker Listener Pronoun Pronoun

Reporting verb Reported verb Time

Adverbial

Conjuction

Raja told Kannan that he was talking with her then.

Tense change
Present form Past form
Am,is,are Was, were
Have, has Had
Past form Had + past participle form
Will, shall, can, may, must Would, should, could, might, had to
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 Time & Place adverbials Change governmentexams.co.in
This (,J) That (mJ)
These (,itfs;) Those (mitfs;)
Here (,q;F) There (mq;F)
Thus (,g;gbahf) So (mg;gbahf)
Now (,g;NghJ) Then (mg;NghJ)
Ago (Kd;dhy;) Before (Kd;djhf)
Today (,d;W) That day (md;W)
Tonight (,d;wpuT) That night (md;wpuT)
Yesterday (New;W) The last day (Ke;ija ehs;)
Last week (nrd;w thuk;) The previous week (Ke;ija thuk;)
Last month (nrd;w khjk;) The previous month (Ke;ija khjk;)
Last year (nrd;w Mz;L) The previous year (Ke;ija Mz;L)
Tomorrow (ehis) The next day (mLj;j ehs;)
Next week (tUk; thuk;) The week after (mjw;F mLj;j thuk;)
Next month (tUk; khjk;) The month after (mjw;F mLj;j khjk;)
Next year (tUk; Mz;;L) The year after (mjw;F mLj;j Mz;L)

Indirect to Direct – tpjpKiwfs;:

Step I:
1. Told, asked, exclaimed, ordered, requested… f;F gjpyhf said to (if listener) / said NghlTk;.
2. ,ilr;nrhy;iy (that, if/whether, to) ePf;fTk;.
3. Conjuction – I vLj;j ,lj;jpy; “…” Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp NghlTk;.
4. Reported speech – y; cs;s Pronoun – I khw;wTk;.
5. Reported speech – y; cs;s Tense – I khw;wTk;.
6. Interrogative Sentence-y; Reported speech – y; Kjypy; Aux verb-k; gpwF Subject-k; mikAkhW
thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;.
7. Exclamatory sentence–y; Reported speech–y; Kjypy; Complement-k; gpwF Subject-k; gpwF Verb-
k; mikAkhW thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;.
8. Time & Place adverbials-I khw;wTk;.

Question No. 28 – If clause (2 Marks):

No Types Condition Result
Type 1 Probable / Possible Conditions If + Verb (Present Form) Will, won’t, shall, shan’t,
(eilngwf;$ba nray;fs;) (am/is/are/verb+s, es, ies) can, can’t, may.
Type 2 Improbable/Imaginary Conditions If + Verb (Past form)
Would
(fw;gidahd nray;) (were/verb+d,ed,ied,id/verb’s Past form)
Type 3 Unfulfilled Conditions If + Verb (Past Perfect Forms) Would have, wouldn’t
(epiwNtwhj nray;fs;) (had+ Verb’s past participle form) have, could have, couldn’t
have
Tips:
1. tpidr;nrhy; Present (my;yJ am/is/are/v+s) Mf ,Ue;jhy; will/shall/can MFk;.
2. tpidr;nrhy; Past (ed-Nrh;e;J my;yJ was/were) Mf ,Ue;jhy; would/should/could MFk;.
3. Had + tpidr;nrhy; vd ,Ue;jhy; would have/could have/should have MFk;
vspa Kiw:
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd; Kd; If Nrh;f;fTk;.
 ,U thf;fpaq;fSf;F ,ilNaAs;s Gs;spia vLj;J tpl;L xd;W Nrh;j;J vOjTk;.
 ,U thf;fpaq;fspYk; xNu ngah; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;ij Nrh;j;J vOJk;
NghJ ngah; vOjhky; mjd; gpujp ngah;r;nrhy;iy (Pronoun – he,she,it) vOjTk;.
1. Sita studies well. Sita passes the exam.
Ans : If Sita studies well she passes the exam.
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Question No. 29 – Degrees of Comparison (2 Marks): governmentexams.co.in

Ie;J thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; Ie;J tif egh;fs; my;yJ nghUl;fspd; tpguq;fs;
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjid gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L VNjDk; xU Degree-If; nfhz;l thf;fpak; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
vspa Kiw:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Ie;J thf;fpaq;fspy; cs;s Adjective kw;Wk; ahiu (m) vijg; gw;wp mjpfkhff;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. mtw;wpy; mjpfkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;ij kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
3. mjpy; cs;s Adjective cld; Superlative Degree (est) (m) Comparative Degree (er) -I Nrh;j;J vOjpdhy;
NghJkhdJ.
4. taijf; Fwpf;f old vd;w adjective te;jhy; comparative-y; elder, superlative-y; eldest vd vOjTk;.
Example:
1. Deepa is 5.2 feet tall. {deepa – girl} + {Adjective – tall + est = tallest}
Ans : Deepa is the tallest girl.
2. Ravi is 18 years old. {ravi – boy} + {adjective – old + est = eldest}
Ans : Ravi is the eldest boy.

Part – III – Punctuation (5 Marks)

Question No. 30 – Punctuation (5 Marks):
nghpa vOj;J(A)> Kw;Wg;Gs;sp(.)> Mr;rhpaf;Fwp(!)> Nfs;tpf;Fwp(?) Mfpatw;iw nfhLf;fg;gl;l
thf;fpaj;jpy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ,LtNj ,g;gapw;rpahFk;. vspjhf 5 kjpg;ngz;fis ,f;Nfs;tpapd; %yk;
ngwyhk; vd;gjhy; Gj;jfj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaq;fis nra;J ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ KO kjpg;ngz;fs;
fpilf;f toptFf;Fk;.
vspa Kiw:
1. Kjy; vOj;ij nghpa vOj;jhf;F. kw;Wk; ngah;fs; te;jhy; nghpa vOj;jhf;F.
2. thf;fpaj;jpy; i jdpahf te;jhy; nghpa vOj;jhf;F.
3. Neh;f;$w;W thf;fpak; (Direct speech) te;jhy; fPo;f;fz;lthW mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
He said, “….” Ravi asked, “….”
He said to me, “….” Ravi asked to him, “…”.
Neh;f;$w;W thf;fpaj;jpy; to tutpy;iynad;why; NkNy Kjy; thpapy; cs;sthWk;> to te;jhy;
,uz;lhtJ thpapy; cs;sthWk; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
4. czh;r;rpfisj; njhptpf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fs;> thh;j;ijfs; te;jhy; mjd; ,Wjpapy; tpag;Gf;Fwp (!)
,lTk;. (Oh! Ah! Hurrah! Alas!)
5. Nfs;tp thf;fpaq;fs; te;jhy; mjd; ,Wjpapy; Nfs;tpf;Fwp (?) NghlTk;.
6. thf;fpaj;jpd; filrpapy; Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,lTk;.
Example:
1. mother said to her son dont play with fire
Ans : Mother said to her son, “don’t play with fire.”
2. gee what happened to you
Ans : “Gee! What happened to you?”

Section – III - Prose (15 Marks)

,g;gFjpapy; 2 gphpTfs; cs;sd.
1) ghlg;gFjp tpdhf;fs; (10 kjpg;ngz;fs; - 5 Nfs;tpfs;) Prose – 2 Marks
2) ghlg;gFjp gj;jp tpdhf;fs; (5 kjpg;ngz;fs; - 1 Nfs;tp) Paragraph – 2 Marks
Question No. 31-37 (5 Questions – 10 Marks)
Lesson – 1:
1. What was Hughie’s financial status?
Hughie’s financial status was poor. Because he had no job.
2. What was the condition laid down by the colonel to allow Hughie’s engagement to Laura?
The condition laid down by the colonel was Hughie should get 10,000 pounds.
3. What made the old man look like a typical beggar?
His wrinkled face, sad expression, battered hat and boots made the old man look a typical beggar.
4. How many shillings make a pound?
Twenty shillings make a pound.
5. What was the beggar’s true identity?
The beggar was the richest man in Europe. He was Baron Hausberg.
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Lesson – 2: governmentexams.co.in
1. What was the author’s choice of career?
Music was the author’s choice of career.
2. Do you think music is different from entertainment?
Yes, I think music is different from entertainment.
3. How is music different from astronomy?
Astronomy deals with external objects but Music deals with internal objects.
4. What is the significance of art?
Art is an essential part of life. Art is a part survival, soul and human spirit.
5. What artistes can do to save the planet?
Artistes can bring wellness to this planet. They provide peace and equality.
Lesson – 3:
1. Which period of life does Gokhale consider a very happy one?
Gokhale considers students’ life a very happy one.
2. What requires whole hearted devotion?
Acquiring knowledge and character requires whole hearted devotion.
3. What is our primary duty towards yourself?
Acquiring knowledge is our primary duty towards yourself.
4. What is the twofold duty to be acquired while you are a student?
Acquiring knowledge and character is the twofold duty to be acquired by the students.
5. What are the two valuable qualities to be acquired by the students?
Obedience to parents and respect for teachers are the two valuable qualities by the students.
Lesson – 4:
1. Why should Chaya hurry?
Chaya should hurry to fetch water.
2. What is metropolis?
Metropolis is a large and capital city.
3. Why hasn’t Chaya drunk any tea as yet?
Chaya hasn’t drunk any tea as she went in search of water.
4. What can lead the world to violence?
Water scarcity will lead the world to violence.
5. What was their first meal of the day?
Bread and Lentil stew was their first meal of the day.
Lesson – 5:
1. Why is the world of domestic workers invisible?
The domestic workers are denied their rights. So they are invisible.
2. How can Maharatra Bill help the workers?
The Maharastra Bill recognizes the rights of the workers. Thus it helps them.
3. Which are the states in India that have shown concern for the domestic workers?
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Bihar, Rajasthan and Mahastra are the states in India
that have shown concern for the domestic workers.
4. Do the labour laws include all age groups of workers?
No, the labour laws do not include all age groups of workers.
5. What are the cause for the increase in domestic workers?
Changes in Economy and policies are the causes for the increase in domestic workers.
Lesson – 6:
1. What do birds do every year during early autumn and early winter?
Birds migrate every year during autumn and early winter.
2. What could be the meaning of the phrase “carrying winter on their back”?
The phrase “carrying winter on their back” means the arrival of winter.
3. Who are the brave little voyagers?
Birds are the brave little voyagers.
4. How far away are the Himalayas from the Nilgris?
The Himalayas are 2400 km from the Nilgris.
5. Which is the smallest of all birds?
The willow warbler is the smallest of all birds.
6. Identify the reasons why birds migrate?
In winter, birds migrate to escape cold and get food, in summer to escape heat and get nestling sites.
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 governmentexams.co.in
1. How old is Brihadeeswarar Temple? Who built it?
The Brihadeeswarar Temple is 1000 years old. King Raja Raja Chola built it.
2. List out the specialities of Tanjore.
a. Tanjore was the capital of the Chola Kings.
b. It is the granary of Tamilnadu.
c. It is the home of Carnatic music, dance and handicrafts.
3. Who built the palace? By who was it renovated?
The Nayaks built the palace. It was renovated by the Marathas.
4. What is the specialty of Vimanam?
The Vimanam is built with stones and without mortar. The topmost stone weighs 80 tons.
5. What were the Pallava and the Chola eras famous for?
The Pallava and the Chola eras famous for their craftsmanship.
6. What did the author see at the Royal Museum?
At the Royal Museum, the author saw drums, urns, perfume bottles, wooden boxes and manuscripts.
7. What were the contributions of the Cholas towards art and culture?
The Big Brihadeeswarar temple and fortress were the contributions of Cholas towards art and culture.
Question No. 38 – Paragraph (5 Marks):
5 Mark Questions – Paragraph
Paragraph -Ig; nghWj;jtiu Kjy; %d;W ghlq;fspd; gj;jpapid (Paragraph) njspthf gbj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. jdpj;jdpg; ghapd;lhf nfhLf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fk; ePqf; s; vspjhd Kiwapy; kdg;ghlk;
nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd;gjw;fhfNt. Njh;Tfspy; vOJk; NghJ jdpj;jdpahf cs;s ghapz;Lfis nkhj;jkhf
Nrh;j;J xU gj;jp (Paragraph) msTf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;. jdpj;jdpg; ghapz;Lfshf vOj Ntz;lhk;.

1. The Model Millionaire – Paragraph:

 Hughie has no job or money.
 He wanted to marry Laura.
 Her father demanded Hughie 10 thousand pounds.
 One day he saw a beggar model.
 He took pity on him and gave him a sovereign.
 But the beggar was a millionaire in Europe.
 He gave Hughie ten thousand pounds as reward.

2. Music – The Hope Raiser – Paragraph:

 Art is an essential part of life.
 It gives meaning to our life.
 Messiaen wrote a music composition in jail.
 Terrorists destroyed twin towers of America.
 Nearly 3000 people died on September 11, 2001.
 In the same evening, the Americans sang “We shall overcome” and “America the Beautiful”.
 Recovery was done by music.
 Thus the art is a part of the human spirit.

3. A Golden Path – Paragraph:

 Success depends upon character.
 A student should get knowledge and character.
 Character gives us energy.
 It should also raise the life of people around us.
 Students should obey their parents, respect their teachers and help the needy.
 Duties of students are
 Duty to himself
 Duty to fellow-students
 Duty to parents and teachers
 Duty to Government
and
 Duty to world.
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 Section – IV – Poetry (20 Marks) governmentexams.co.in

,g;gFjpapy; 4 gphpTfs; cs;sd.

1) kdg;ghlg; gFjp (Quote from memory – 5 lines)
2) ghly; thpfspypUe;J tpdhf;fs; (Poem Comprehension – 5)
3) ghly; eak; fhZjy; (Appreciation Questions – 5)
4) ghly; - gj;jp tpdh (Poem Paragraph – 1)

Question no. 39 - Quote from Memory (5 Marks)

kdg;ghlg;gFjpapy; ,uz;L ghly;fspy; ,Ue;J Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Ie;J thpfs; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s ehd;F kdg;ghlg; ghly;fisg; gbj;J kdg;ghlk; nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Manliness Going for Water
If you can dream and not make dreams your master; We ran as if to meet the moon
If you can think and not make thoughts your aim; That slowly dawned behind the trees,
If you can meet with triumph and disaster; The barren boughs without the leaves,
And treat those two impostors just the same; Without the birds, without the breeze.

If you can force your heart, and nerve, and sinew But once within the wood, we paused
To serve your turn long after they are gone; Like gnomes that hid us from the moon,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you Ready to run to hiding new
Except the will which says to them “Hold on”. With laughter when she found us soon.

If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the earth and everything that’s in it,
And, what is more, you’ll be a man, my son.
- Rudyard Kipling
The Migrant Bird
The globe’s my world. The cloud’s my kin
I care not where the skies begin;
I spread my wings through all the din;
Through fears and fright I fly my flight.
No walls for me, no vigil gates,
No flags, no machine guns that blast
Citizens of those border states-
Brothers of her brother’s sons.
No maps, no boundaries to block
My sojourn into unknown lands,
I spawn and splash in distant spills,
I breed my brood where’r I will.
I won’t look down. No I will not.
With speed of wings I hasten past
And close my eyes against the sun
To dream my dreams and make them last.
- Famida Y.Basheer
Each laid on the other a staying hand
To listen ere we dared to look,
And in the hush we joined to make
We heard, we knew we heard the brook.
- Robert Frost
The Cry of the Children
“For oh,” say the children, “We are weary,
And we cannot run or leap.
If we cared for any meadows, it were merely
To drop down in them and sleep.
Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping---
We fall upon our faces, trying to go;
And, underneath our heavy eyelids drooping,
The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.
For, all day, we drag our burden tiring,
Through the coal-dark, underground---
Or, all day, we drive the wheels of iron
In the factories, round and round
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Question no. 40-43 - Poem Comprehension (5 Marks)

Gj;jfj;;jpy; cs;s midj;J ghly;fspypUe;Jk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vdNt ghliy ed;whf
gbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ. ghliy gbf;Fk; NghJ mjpy; cs;stw;iw njspthf gbj;J itj;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Beautiful Inside: Piano:
1) How does a geode look on the outside? 1) Who is the child mentioned in this poet?
It looks dull and unattractive on the outside. The poet himself.
1) Can we judge a person by his appearance? 2) What does the word ‘vista’ mean?
No, we cannot judge a person by his appearance. ‘Vista’ means a beautiful view.
2) What is a Geode? 3) Where is the child sitting?
Geode is a spherical rock. The child is sitting under the piano.
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 Manliness:
1) Who are the two impostors?
Success and Failure are the two impostors.
2) How should we treat triumph and disaster?
We should treat just the same.
3) What does the poet mean unforgiving minute?
Time once spent cannot be recovered.
4) What is meant by ‘impostors’?
A person who pretends to cheat others.
Going for Water: governmentexams.co.in
1) Why had the speakers to go to the brook?
To fetch water.
2) Why is the river referred to as silver blade?
It looks like silver in the moonlight.
3) Whom does ‘we’ refer to?
The children.
4) Why were the boughs barren?
Because of the autumn season.

The Cry of the Children: Migrant Bird:

1) What do the children do all the day? 1) Who is the speaker in this poem?
The children work in the factory. The Migrant Bird is the speaker in the poem.
2) Who does ‘we’ refer to? 2) What are the boundaries referred to by the poet?
We refer to the child labourers. The boundaries of the divided nations.
3) Why do they care for meadows? 3) What is mean by the globe and kin?
Because of tiredness. The Earth and the relatives.
4) Where are they working? 4) What does ‘sojourn’ mean?
They are working in the factories. It means camp, a stay for a short time.
5) What is their prayer? 5) What is meant by “distant spills”?
To stop the wheels at least for a day. Water bodies in the distant lands.
Shilpi:
1) What do the words ‘throb’ and ‘rhythm’ refer to? 5) What is cacophony?
The sharp detached sounds produced by the Shilpi. Cacophony is an irregular, unpleasant
2) Why are the tools laid aside? sound.
The work of the day was over. So the tools are laid aside. 6) Whose eyes are bleary?
3) Why are the eyes bloodshot? The Shilpi’s eyes are bleary.
Hardwork of the sculptor makes his eyes very red. 7) What is a virgin rock?
4) What is meant by ‘throb’? Virgin rock is the raw stone.
It means to beat or sound with a strong, regular rhythm.

Question no. 44-48 - Appreciation Questions (5 Marks)

Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s ghly; thpfspy; cs;s ,yf;fpa eaq;fis mwpe;J vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,yf;fpa
eaq;fshd Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Onomatopoeic words, Alliteration Nghd;witfisg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd tpsf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; mit fz;lwpAk; Kiw fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Some Important Poetic Devices
1. Simile:
Simile vd;gJ ,uz;L khWgl;l nghUl;fis Neubahf xg;gpLtJ. ,jpy; xg;gplg; gad;gLk;
thh;j;ijfs; ‘like’ kw;Wk; ‘as’ MFk;. Nghd;w (like) vd;w thh;j;ijAld; xg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Ex: 1) The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.
2) I weep like a child for the past.
2.Metaphor:
Metaphor vd;gJ ,uz;L khWgl;l nghUl;fis kiwKfkhf xg;gpLtJ. Mdhy; mit ,uz;bw;Fk;
,ilNa VNjDk; xU xw;Wik ,Uf;Fk;. Nghd;w (like) vd;w thh;j;ij ,y;yhkNy xg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Ex: 1) She is coal dark
3.Personification:
Personification vd;gJ kdpjg; gz;Gfis capuw;w nghUl;fs; kPJ Vw;wpr; nrhy;tJ MFk;.
Ex: 1) Where an aching generosity? (mq;Fs;s me;j Vq;Fk; jhuhs cs;sk;)
2) With laughter when she found us soon. (mts; vq;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;jNghJ cuf;fr; rphpj;Njhk;.)
4.Onomatopoeic Words:
Onomatopoeic word vd;gJ nghUl;fs; vOg;Gk; rj;jj;NjhL njhlh;Gila xypfs; MFk;.
Ex: 1) A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings
2) I spawn and splash
5.Alliteration:
Alliteration vd;gJ nka;nahypapy; njhlq;Ffpd;w thh;j;ijfs; xNu thpapy; tUtJ MFk;.
Ex: 1) Yet, when a crack causes
2) Close scrutiny, then sharp critical glare.
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 6.Rhyming Words: governmentexams.co.in
Rhyming words vd;gJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghly; thpfis cw;WNehf;fp mjd; thpapy; cs;s filrp
thh;j;ijfs; kw;Wk; mt;thh;j;ijfspd; xNu khjphpahd cr;rhpg;G Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L fz;Lgpbj;J vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
Ex: Appearances can be deceptive,
And to the superficial gaze
The outside looks dull and grey
Plain looking in many ways.
7.Rhyme Scheme:
Rhyme scheme vd;gJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghlypd; xt;nthU thpapYk; ,Wjpahf tUk; thh;j;ijfSs;
xNu xypapy; xypf;Fk; thh;j;ijfisf; fz;lwpe;J me;j thh;j;ijfSf;F fPo;f;fhZk; tifapy; vLj;J vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
Ex: Yes, a warm, glowing inner beauty a
Will emerge before your eyes b
A newly discovered Treasure c
For you to cherish, and to prize. b
Poetic Devices in the Poems
1.Beautiful Inside:
1) May seem plain as plain can be? Simile
2) Where an aching generosity? Personification
3) What gems would we see? Metaphor
4) A newly discovered Treasure. Metaphor
5) Yet, when a crack causes Alliteration
6) Water to seep slowly through Alliteration
7) Piles of purple crystals Alliteration
2.Piano:
1) A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings Onomatopoeic word
2) And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano Onomatopoeic word
3) So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour Onomatopoeic word
4) Down in the flood of remembrance Metaphor
5) I weep like a child for the past Simile
6) And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide Personification
3. Manliness:
1) If you can dream and not make dreams your master
2) If you can meet with triumph and disaster: Personification
3) And treat those two impostors just the same:
4. Going for water:
1) Like gnomes that hid us from the moon Simile
2) With laughter when she found us soon Personification
3) Like pearls, and now a silver blade Simile
5. The cry of the Children:
1) The reddest flower would look as pale as snow Simile
2) Through the coal dark, underground Metaphor
3) ‘O ye wheels’ ‘Stop! Be silent for to-day!’ Anaphora (Personification)
6. Migrant Bird:
1) The globe’s my world. The cloud’s my kin Personification
2) I spawn and splash Alliteration
7. Shilpi:
1) Harmonic cacophony to oblivious ears Oxymoron
2) Virgin rock takes form Personification

Question no. 49 – Poem Paragraph (5 Marks)

Poem Paragraph -Ig; nghWj;jtiu Kjy; %d;W ghly;fspd; gj;jpapid (Paragraph) njspthf gbj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. jdpj;jdpg; ghapd;lhf nfhLf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fk; ePqf
; s; vspjhd Kiwapy; kdg;ghlk;
nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd;gjw;fhfNt.
 Njh;Tfspy; vOJk; NghJ jdpj;jdpahf cs;s ghapz;Lfis nkhj;jkhf Nrh;j;J
xU gj;jp (Paragraph) msTf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;.
 jdpj;jdpg; ghapz;Lfshf vOj Ntz;lhk;.
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 1. Beautiful Inside – Paragraph: governmentexams.co.in
 The inner beauty is important.
 We can’t judge a person by his appearance.
 We find beautiful crystals in an ugly Geode.
 Like that, we find noble virtues in a simple man.
 Thus virtues reveal valuable inner beauty.
2. Piano – Paragraph:
 The poet hears a woman’s song.
 It reminds him if his mother’s song.
 As a child he was sitting under the piano.
 He heard the boom of strings.
 In Sunday evenings, he and his mother sang hymns.
 He remembered his joyful childhood days.
 He weeps for the past.
3. Manliness – Paragraph:
 The poet speaks about the qualities of manliness.
 Action is more important than dreams.
 Success and defeat are the two impostors.
 We should learn good lessons from that.
 We should not give up.
 Then only the world is ours.

Question no. 50 – Comprehension (5 Marks)

nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpapypUe;J Ie;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. tpdhtpidAk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpapidAk;
ed;whf gbj;Jg; ghh;j;J Ghpe;J nfhz;L xg;gPL nra;J ghh;j;J nfhz;L tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. vspjhf gj;J
kjpg;ngz;fis vLf;ff; $ba gFjp vd;gjhy; ,g;gFjpf;F rw;W mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdhNy NghJk;.

Exercise – 1
Discipline is the most essential virtue you should acquire when you are young. It is a complex quality. It shapes
your mind to religious, social and economic patterns when you grow up to be an active citizen. At a young age, we do not
realize the value of discipline, as children, we merely long for unlimited freedom, without understanding the meaning
of discipline. An athlete disciplines himself and keeps himself fit. He refrains from smoking, observes good food habits
and keeps good health. Discipline increases the human energy and implies control, resistance and adjustment. Our
energy is saved and made vital for a good output.

Questions:
a) The word ‘essential’ means:
(a) Necessary (b) important (c) compulsory
b) How does discipline aid a citizen?
c) Why don’t children want discipline?
d) Mention some ways in which an athlete maintains discipline.
e) How is discipline beneficial to human beings?

Question no. 51 – Spot the Errors (5 Marks)

,f;Nfs;tpapy; Ie;J thf;fpaq;fs; jtwhf nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Ie;J thf;fpaq;fspy; cs;s jtWfis
ePf;fp vOj Ntz;Lk;. vspjhf kdg;ghlk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; ,J te;jhy; ,ij jpUj;jp vOJ vd
Kiwfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mij Kaw;rp nra;J kdg;ghlk; nra;jhy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngw;W tplyhk;.
Tips:
1. …est-y; KbAk; adjective thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; the Nrh;j;J vOjNtz;Lk;.
2. Is te;jhy; are vdTk; are te;jhy; is vdTk; khw;Wf.
3. was te;jhy; were vdTk; were te;jhy; was vdTk; khw;Wf.
4. a te;jhy; an vdTk; an te;jhy; a vdTk; khw;Wf.
5. verb, noun – sy; Kbe;jpUe;jhy; mij ePf;Ff. s ,y;iynad;why; Nrh;j;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
6. ‘than’ te;jhy; mij vLj;J tpl;L to NghlTk;.
7. one of the my;yJ one of these my;yJ each of the te;jhy; mjw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s thh;j;ijAld; s Nrh;j;J
plural-Mf vOj Ntz;Lk;.
8. ‘one of the’ my;yJ one of these my;yJ each of the te;J mjw;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s thh;j;ijAld; s
Nrh;e;J te;J mjw;Fg; gpwF are te;jhy; is vdTk;> were te;jhy; was vdTk; khw;wp vOj Ntz;Lk;.
9. has te;jhy; have vd khw;wp vOj Ntz;Lk;.
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 Examples: governmentexams.co.in
An university student has been injured in the accident. She is sleeping for five hours.
A university student has been injured in the accident. She has been sleeping for five hours.
We met an European yesterday. He joined an European University.
We met a European yesterday. He joined a European University.
Mala is a M.A. in English Everyone appreciates a honest man.
Mala is an M.A. in English Everyone appreciates an honest man.
Chennai is one of the hottest city in Tamil Nadu. I prefer coffee than tea.
Chennai is one of the hottest cities in Tamil Nadu. I prefer coffee to tea.
I am absent yesterday. The police has made several arrests.
I was absent yesterday. The police have made several arrests.
I have two sister-in-laws. One of the boy is tall.
I have two sisters-in-law. One of the boys is tall.
Ramesh went to abroad. Renu prefers coffee than tea.
Ramesh went abroad. Renu prefers coffee to tea.
An Europeon stands before us. He is tallest in the village.
A Europeon stands before us. He is the tallest in the village.

Question no. 52 – Picture Comprehension (5 Marks)

,f;Nfs;tpapy; VjhtJ xU glk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mg;glj;jpypUe;J Ie;J Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
mf;Nfs;tpfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L mit midj;jpw;Fk; rhpahf gjpyspj;jhy; KOjhf Ie;J kjpg;ngz;fisg;
ngw;W tplyhk;. KO kjpg;ngz;izg; ngw Ntz;Lkhdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;ij ed;whfg; ghh;j;J glj;jpy;
vd;d nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Exercise – 1:

a) What is the name of this place? - Tajmahal.

b) Where it is situated? - Agra, Delhi.
c) How many wonders in the world? - Seven
d) Have you ever been to this place? - No/Yes
e) Is it day or night? - Day

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