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Electro-Pneumatics M1 Student PDF
Electro-Pneumatics M1 Student PDF
PREPARED BY
Academic Services
August 2012
Module Objectives
After the completion of this module, the student will be able to:
1- Explain all safety precaution when working with electro-pneumatics.
2- Explain the concept of signal flowing in electro-pneumatics.
3- Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the elector-
pneumatics.
Module Contents
1 Introduction to electro-pneumatics 3
6 Practical task 1 13
7 Practical task 2 17
8 Practical task 3 18
9 References 24
1 Introduction to electro-
pneumatics
In electro-pneumatics, the
pneumatic components are
controlled by using electrical and
electronic circuits. Electronic and
electromagnetic sensors, electrical
switches and industrial computers
are used to replace the manual
(b)
control of a pneumatic system.
Fig.1.1
(a): Milk filling machine
(b): Yogurt filling machine
The signal flow diagram of Fig. 1.2 illustrates the signal flow within an
electro-pneumatic system.
1. Signal input: This signal is usually generated from sensor or switch.
2. Signal processing: the signal is processed in the processing station such
as OR gate, AND gate or time delay valve.
3. Signal output: the signal forms as a link between the signal control
section and the power section
4. Command execution: it takes place at high power level either for:
High speed-fast ejection of product.
Apply high force as in power presses.
4.2 Switches
Switches are installed in an electric circuit to connect or interrupt the
electric current.
These switches are divided into:
1- Control switches: keep the selected position such as detent switches.
Push button switches: maintain the selected position as long as the switch
is activated.
In this module, three types of switches will be discussed:
a. Push button switches.
b. Detent switches.
c. Limit switches.
(a) Push button switches
These switches are activated manually and used connect or disconnect the
electric current in he control circuit. There are three typed of the push
button switches:
b Detent switches
These switches keep the selected
position; the switch position remains
unchanged until a new switch position
is selected. It is called detent switch or
a latching switch. Fig.1.6.a and (a)
Fig.1.6.b show the ISO symbol of the
normally open detent switch and
normally closed detent switch
respectively.
Detent switches also designed to be as (b)
normally open, normally closed or
changeover switches.
4.3 Relays
A relay is defined as an
electromagnetically actuated switch.
When the voltage is applied to a
solenoid coil terminals (A1, A2) in
Fig.1.14, it will become an
electromagnet which in turn attracts
the contacts of the relay either closing (a)
or opening them.
The spring returns the contacts to the
initial position immediately after
disconnecting the voltage at the coil
terminals. (b)
An ISO symbol of the relay and a lab
relay block is also illustrated in the
same figure.
Some advantages of a relay that:
It can be used to switch one or
more contacts.
To switch a high current circuit with
a low current circuit.
(c)
Fig. 1.8:
(a): Internal structure
(b): ISO symbol of the relay
(c): Relay block
6. Practical Task 1
Title:
Controlling an electric bulb lighting
using different types of switches
Objectives:
Understanding and using the DC
power supply.
(a)
The student should be able to use of
the pushbutton switches (NO and
NC).
The student should be able to use of
detent switches (NO and NC).
The student should be able to use of
changeover switch.
The student should be able to
(b)
construct the circuit using the
FluidSim software
Background:
The student should know how to use
the Pushbutton, detent and changeover
switches that will be used to switch
on/off a lamp using different circuit
configurations.
Required components: (c)
Procedures:
1. Prepare the components according to
the components list.
2. From the switch block, use a
pushbutton switch to connect the first
two circuits as in Fig.1.10.a
Pushbutton switch, normally open.
Press the switch on/off and explain
what happens to the lamp.
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Pushbutton, Normally closed switch.
Press the switch on/off and explain N.O NC
what happens to lamp. (a)
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3. From the switch block, use a detent
switch to connect the second two
circuits as in Fig.1.10.b
Detent switch, normally open. Press
the switch and note what happens to
the lamp.
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N.O N.C.
(b)
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Module 1: Introduction to electro-pneumatics 15
ATM-414 – Electro-Pneumatics
7. Practical Task 2
Title:
Indirect control of a lamp using a
pushbutton switch and a relay.
Objectives:
Introduce the students to the use of
lab equipment.
Relay block
Introduce the students to the use of
DC power supply.
Introduce the students to the use of
the pushbutton switches (NO and
NC).
Introduce the students to the use of
the relay and the associated
contacts (NO and NC).
Background:
The relay is an electromagnetically
operated switch; it will be used to
indirectly control a 24V lamp through
a pushbutton switch.
Required Components:
5- DC power supply
6- Indicator unit
7- Switch block
8- Relay block
Procedures:
+24V 1 2
1. Connect the circuit according to circuit
shown in Fig.1.11.a, so the relay is a
3
normally open.
4
2. Switch on /off the pushbutton switch
and observe the lamp and also the LED A1 3
K1 K1
of the relay block. Explain what A2 4
happens to the lamp?
0V
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2
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(a)
3. Replace the pushbutton switch with a
+24V 3 4
detent switch and repeat the same
steps. Explain what happens to lamp.
3
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4
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A1 1
4. Connect the circuit according to circuit K2 K2
shown in Fig.1.11.b, so the relay is in a A2 2
Conclusion
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8. Practical Task 3:
Title: Opening/closing the flow in a pipeline
The double acting cylinder (1A) in Fig. 1.12 is used to open and close the
main valve in a pipeline. Draw an electro-pneumatic circuit to control the
movement of cylinder (1A).
Hint: The valve is opened by pressing the pushbutton switch. When the
pushbutton is released the valve is closed.
Fig. 1.12
Procedures:
Observations
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Student’s notes
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Class work
1. Name three electrical components that will be used in the lab.
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2. What is the function of a D.C. power supply?
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3. What are the main components of the D.C. power supply?
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4. List the main types of switches in terms of function.
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5. Explain the difference between a push button switch and a detent switch.
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6. Explain the difference between a pushbutton normally open switch and a
pushbutton normally closed switch.
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b- Changeover switch
c-Relay
Home Work
9. References