VoLTE and SRVCC

2014-07

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Agenda

• Overview of LTE
• IMS Network
• Standards and Test Requirements
• VoLTE, Call Continuity, and IMS Services (RCS)
– VoLTE vs VoIP and Other Solutions
– VoLTE in Detail
– Mobility/Call Continuity (SRVCC)
– IMS Services (RCS)
• Anritsu Solutions for VoLTE and Call Continuity
– Anritsu Products Supporting New Features and Requirements

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LTE-SAE/EPC System Architecture

SGSN
2G/3G
UTRAN
PCRF

HSS
MME

E-UTRAN EPC
Operator
S-GW Services

P-GW/PCEF
ePDG

WiFi 1xEV-DO

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System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
• Synonymous with Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
• ALL IP Architecture
• Key Features:
– Higher data rates and Reduce Latency
– Multi-RAT Support
– Allows integration of Non-3GPP networks
– Optimized for all IP services

http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/100-the-evolved-packet-core

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LTE-EPC Network Nodes

• MME (Mobility Management Entity)

– UE Mobility Control
– Security MME
– Authentication
– Bearer path control S6a (3Gpp 29.272)
• HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
– Master Subscriber Database that stores:
• User ID HSS
• Numbering and service/subscription profiles
• Generates security relation information

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LTE-SAE/EPC System Architecture

• S-GW (Serving Gateway)

– Routes data packets between the P-GW and E-UTRAN S-GW
– Buffers downlink data during paging operations

• P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway)

– Default router to the UE providing IP assignment/PDN
P-GW/PCEF
Connectivity
– Handles mobility between 3GPP/non-3GPP access
systems
– QoS/Policy enforcement/charging/lawful interception

• PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules

Function)
– Policy and Charging Enforcement Function PCRF

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IMS Development & History
• Developed by the cellular industry to meet growing needs
across the mobile, fixed and IT/computing networks
• Designed to allow ubiquitous access to multimedia
services from an access terminal
• IMS Standards were developed by 3G.IP formed in 1999,
which is now taken over by 3GPP
• In 2010, GSMA announced at MWC that they were
supporting the “One World” initiative for carrying Voice
over LTE (VoLTE)
– Operators decided to incorporate IMS capabilities

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IMS Network Architecture

AS
EPC HSS
I-CSCF
PGW IBCF

BGCF
PCRF
P-CSCF S-CSCF
MRFC
MGCF

MRFP MGW
TrGW
PSTN
Internet
Media

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Call Session Control Functions
• Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)
– Provides IMS access to
mobiles/Forwards SIP messages
between mobile and a S-CSCF
– Emergency Services
– Security and QoS
– Compression of SIP messages
• Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)
– Selects S-CSCF
– Provides Load Distribution
• Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)
– Acts as a SIP registrar and the
primary call server for certain
registered UEs

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Additional IMS Functions

• Media Gateway Control Function

– Controls Media Gateways
– Translates signaling messages (converts SIP to
ISUP)

• Breakout Gateway Control

Function
– SIP proxy between the S-CSCF and MGCF
– Selects MGCF based on destination network
– Determines PSTN breakout point
– Chooses MGCF in its own network/Routes
requests to BGCF in a different network

• Application Servers
– Local SIP AS, OSA-SCS, and IM-SSF

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Putting it ALL Together

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Voice over LTE (VoLTE)
• Why VoLTE?
– LTE is seen as IP only system for data
– Operators chose to carry voice over 2G/3G systems or VoIP in one form or
the other
– This would lead to fragmentation and incompatibility not allowing all
phones to communicate with each other
• VoLTE Formation
– The system is based on the IMS MMTel concepts and are specified in the
GSMA IR.92

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Other Options for VoLTE

• Circuit Switch Fallback (CSFB/1xeCSFB)

– Data over LTE and when required voice (CS) services will fallback to
2G/3G

• Simultaneous Voice LTE (SVLTE)

– Requires 2 radios
– Data Only over LTE and Voice (CS) services over 1x

• Voice over LTE via GAN (VoLGA)

– Based on existing 3gpp Generic Access Network
– Aim to enable LTE users to receive consistent voice/SMS (CS) services
while transitioning between GSM, UMTS and LTE

• Dual SIM

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VoLTE Challenges
• Meeting end user expectations
– Supplementary Services must work as current 2G/3G CS networks
– Mobility/Roaming Interoperability between LTE and 2G/3G
networks
– Regulatory Requirements (Emergency Calls)

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Motivation for VoLTE

• VoIP Applications
– Data streams of these applications are not
differentiated from other IP data traffic
– No QoS

• VoLTE
– Uses LTE prioritization to deliver consistent QoS
– Enables features users are accustomed to in their
2G/3G devices

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Why VoLTE over VoIP?

VoLTE VoIP
• Guaranteed QoS
Carrier
• Best- Effort
• IMS Grade!
• Generic IP Network
• RAN Features
– Semi Persistent Scheduling (SPS)
– Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
– Discontinuous Transmission (DRx)
– Robust Header Compression
(RoHC)

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Key VoLTE/IMS Specifications
• 3GPP
– TS 23.216 – SRVCC Stage 2
– TS 23.228 IMS Stage 2
– TS 23.237 IMS Service
Continuity Stage 2
– TS 23.292 IMS Centralized
Services Stage 2
– TS 24.237 IMS Service
Continuity
– TS 26.132 PESQ/POLQA
http://www.3gpp.org
• GSMA
– IR.92 – IMS Profile for Voice
and SMS
– IR.64 – IMS Service
Centralization and Continuity
Guidelines
– IR.94 – Video Call Support
– IR.65 – IMS Roaming and
Interworking Guidelines
– IR.88 – LTE Roaming
Guidelines
http://www.gsma.com
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 GSMA PRD IR.92

• IMS Profile for Voice and SMS

– A profile as opposed to a technical specification
– Defines how the facilities already defined by 3GPP should be used to
ensure interoperability across various operators’ networks

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GSMA IR.92 v7.0 Focus Areas
IMS Feature Set
• SIP Registration Procedures
• Authentication
• Call Establishment and Termination
• Forking
• Signaling Compression
SMS over IP
Supplementary Services
• Multi Party Conference
• Communication Waiting
• Message Waiting Indication
• Communication Diversion
• Communication Barring
IMS Media
• Codecs
• RTP Profile and SDP Considerations
• RTCP Usage
• AMR Payload Format Considerations
• Jitter Buffer Management Considerations
• DTMF Events
Radio and Packet Core Feature Set
• Robust Header Compression
• Radio Bearer and RLC configurations
• DRX Mode of Operation
• GBR and NGBR Services and Monitoring
• EPS Bearer Considerations for
• SIP Signaling
• XCAP
• Voice
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GSMA PRD IR.64 v6.0
• IMS Service Centralization and Continuity Guidelines
– Centralization / Anchoring of services in the IMS Core
– Continuity of service for single radio devices when access network
changes
– Adds to the guidelines defined in IR.92

• Focus Areas
– Network based
solution
– SRVCC from
LTE/HSPA to
GERAN/UTRAN
– UE-based solution
and other service
continuity scenarios
are out of scope

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SIP and SDP

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

– Signaling protocol used for controlling multimedia communication
sessions in IP networks
– Defined in RFC 3261
– Application protocol designed to be independent of the underlying
transport layer

• Session Description Protocol (SDP)

– Responsible for session description
– Transported in SIP message

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 VoLTE Pre-Call

• IMS PDN Connection

– Provides connection to one or more IP networks for services
– For VoLTE UE will require connection to operator’s IMS-based services
network (PDN_ID/APN for the IMS network would be in the subscription
information in the HSS)

PGW
SIP Signaling and
IMS PDN
EPS Voice Packets

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Initial VoLTE Registration
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
visited.net S-CSCF
HOME.net

1. Proxy CSCF Discovery

3. I-CSCF Discovery
2. REGISTER
4. REGISTER
5. S-CSCF Selection

6. Subscriber Authentication

7. Profile Retrieval
8. 200 OK (Register Successful)

9. Service Control

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VoLTE Basic CallFlow

INVITE User2
User1 AMR, AMR-WB
Local QoS unsatisfied

183 Session Progress

AMR-WB, AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

Final Decision
(AMR)
PRACK
AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

Request Resources Request Resourses

200 OK
AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

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EPS Bearers for IMS VoIP

EPS
Default EPS Bearer
Default Connectivity for IMS Signaling
IMS PDN
Dedicated EPS Bearer
Additional Bearer for
VoIP or Video Traffic

• One PDN connection for IMS VoIP calls with more than
one EPS bearer
• One IP address is used for PDN Connection
• Each EPS bearer will have defined QoS Characteristics

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VoLTE Mobility

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IMS Service Continuity

• Allows user to transfer media sessions across different access networks or UEs
– Example: transfer ongoing media session from mobile device to TV
• Sessions can be transferred as a whole (for example voice and video) or in part
• User can add/delete sessions on multiple devices, controlled from a single device
• Even control of a collaborative session can transfer from one user to another

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IMS Centralized Services (ICS)

• Provides the same services

regardless of access network:
CS or PS
• Users get new IMS services
while still using CS domain for
the media bearer
• IMS sessions on CS bearers
treated like any other full IMS
session
• All services provided by IMS
application servers and
controlled by IMS service control
architecture
• Adds supplementary services to
VCC

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SRVCC For VoLTE
• Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)

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IMS Services - RCS

• Rich Communication Services

– Designed to offer richer yet simpler communication
services supported by a strong ecosystem and a
variety of architecture implementation options

• Main Features:
– Enhanced Phonebook: service capabilities and
enhanced contacts informations such as presence and
service discovery
– Enhanced Messaging: enables a large variety of
messaging options including chat, emoticons, location
share and file sharing
– Enriched Calls: enables multimedia content sharing
during a voice call, video call and video sharing
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services

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RCS v5.1 Feature Set

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Anritsu MD8430/8480 Solution

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 Addresses Technology Challenges

• IMS Signaling over LTE Transport

– Test IMS protocols over the LTE radio interface
• CSFB and SRVCC
• Built in test cases
– Over 100 example tests
– IR.92, IR.94, PRS, XDM, AMR, H.264, etc…
• Rich Communication Services
– Presence, Instant messaging, file transfer
– Address book, XML Document Management (XDM)
– XCAP server simulation
• IMS Emergency Calls

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Media Quality Testing

• Voice/Audio Quality Audio Video

– MOS No-Reference ITU G.107 ITU G.107
Offline ITU-R BT.500.9
– PESQ Full-Reference PESQ ITU J.247 (unique
Offline ITU P.862 (also synchronization
available online) algorithm)
No-Reference ITU G.107 ITU G.107
Online ITU-R BT.500.9

• Video
– No-Reference (online)
– Full Reference

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Anritsu MD8475 Solution

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Tests Performed On MD8475

• IMS registration
• IMS security procedures
• Device (SIP) addressing
• Call processing including
abnormal call handling
• Call conferencing
and supplementary services
such as call forwarding
• Call drop and reestablishment
• Emergency calls
• SRVCC

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RCS On MD8475
MX847570A SmartStudio - IMS Services
RCS server component
CSCF
Presence server
XDM server IM server
… XCAP

MX847570A-083 RCS Basic Option

Configuration/registration

Social Presence
IMS Core
1-to-1 chat
Capability discovery
3GGP
Key Value for Customer
Network
Users can test each service RCS 5.1 which needs
some servers with one box.
Target customer is leading-edge UE vendor which
* New MX847570A-083 RCS Basic Option required
develops for special operators.

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RCS 5.1 Service Support
Item Support Future Comment
Configuration & Registration (*1) (*1) (*1) Support only HTTP(S) base

Capability discovery  

Standalone messaging 

1-to-1 Chat (*2, 3)  (*2) Support only IM. Not support CPM.
(*3) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

Group Chat 
File Transfer 
Content sharing 
Social Presence Information (*4)  (*4) Not supported geolocation service.

IP Voice Call (*5, 6) (*5, 6) (*5) Support only IR.92 base

(*6) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

IP Video Call (IR.94) (*7, 8) (*7, 8) (*7) Support only IR.94 base
(*8) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

Geolocation services (*9) (*9) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

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Anritsu ME7834L Solution

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3GPP and CAT
2G/3G Simulators Supporting Conformance
Components
• 36.521-1 – RF
• 36.521-3 – RRM
Test • 36.523-1 – Protocol
Controller
• 37.571-1 – Emergency Calls

Test suites covering ancillary

functionality such as the UICC

Carrier-specific test plans

• ATT
• T-Mobile
• Verizon
LTE Simulators • Others
*Example configuration

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Conclusion
• LTE EPC and IMS Networks are Complex
• New Specifications and Recommendations
– Including Signaling; Media; Services
– Service Continuity SRVCC
– RCS (Rich Communication Services)
• Service Continuity is Important
– SRVCC (GSMA indicates 3GPP Rel10 for initial rollouts)
• Anritsu Products Meet the Challenges
– Several different configurations based on needs of customer

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