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Seismology (PHIVOLCS), include volcanoes in the country having erupted within historical times (within the last 600
years), with accounts of these eruptions documented by humans; or having erupted within the last 10,000 years
(holocene) based on analyses of datable materials. However, there is no consensus among volcanologists on how
to define an "active" volcano. As of 2012, PHIVOLCS lists 23 volcanoes as active in the Philippines, 21 of which
have historical eruptions; one, Cabalian, which is strongly fumarolic volcano; and one, Leonard Kniaseff, which was
active 1,800 years ago.
There are 50 Philippines volcanoes listed by the royal Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) at
present, of which 20 are categorized as "historical" and 59 as "Holocene". The GVP lists volcanoes with
historical, Holocene eruptions, or possibly older if strong signs of volcanism are still evident through thermal features
like fumaroles, hot springs, mud pots, etc.
Taal in Batangas
Bulusan in Sorsogon
Smith in Calayan
Hibok-Hibok in Camiguin
Pinatubo in Zambales
Musuan in Bukidnon