Ll: Although rounded to three figures, this conversion is exact because the given conversion from inches to centimeters defines the inch. 1.2: 1.3: The time required for light to travel any distance in a vacuum is the distance divided by the speed of light; 1d: Ls 1.6: The daily consumption must then be 17: 1.8: 1.9:1.10: Ltd: 1.12: 1.13: 1ld: a) b) °) The density is mass per unit volume, so the volume is mass divided by density. Use the formula for the volume of a sphere, to calculate ®) b) Since the distance was given as 890 km, the total distance should be 890,000 meters. To report the total distance as 890,010 meters, the distance should be given as 890.01 km. a) (two significant figures). b) = 0.50 (also two significant figures). c) 36 mm (to the nearest millimeter), @) 6mm. ©) 2.0.1.15: a) Ifa meter stick can measure to the nearest millimeter, the error will be about b) If the chemical balance can measure to the nearest milligram, the error will be about ¢) Ifa handheld stopwatch (as opposed to electric timing devices) can measure to the nearest tenth of a second, the error will be about 1.16: The area is 9.69 + 0.07 cm’, where the extreme values in the piece’s length and width are used to find the uncertainty in the area, The fractional uncertainty in the area is = 0.72%, and the fractional uncertainties in the length and width are = 0.20% and = 0.53%. 1.17: a) The average volume is (two significant figures) and the uncertainty in the volume, found from the extreme values of the diameter and thickness, is about and so the volume ofa cookie is (This method does not use the usual form for progation of errors, which is not addressed in the text. The fractional uncertainty in the thickness is so much greater than the fractional uncertainty in the diameter that the fractional uncertainty in the volume is, reflected in the above answer.) b) 1.18: (Number of cars miles/carday)/mi/gal = gallons/day (2 10° cars 10000 mifyr/car | yr/365 days)/(20 mi/gal) = 2.75 10° gal/day 1.19: Ten thousand; if it were to contain ten million, each sheet would be on the order ilionth of an inch thick. 1.20: If it takes about four kernels to fill 1 cm’, a 2-L bottle will hold about 8000 kemels.