What is AIDS ?

This is Project Report on HIV AIDS. Definition : Acquired Immuno

Deficiency Syndrome. It is a pandemic disease. AIDS cannot be compared
to disease like malaria and cholera which claim more live in country currently.
It has a greater impact than other disease. The treatment options are still in
the initial stages and are prohibitively expensive. There are instances of
quacks taking advantage of the situation. This has compounded the misery of
AIDS patients.
History of HIV AIDS:
It was first noticed in USA in 1981. The American and French scientist
independently identified the AIDS virus 1984. The virus first named as HCLV
III ( Human cell leukemia virus III). The name (Human cell leukemia deficiency
virus) is now preferred. It now seems that HIV first passed into human from
chimpanzees by eating butchered chimps. 10% of the people, who get AIDS
virus infection, actually develop full blown AIDS.
Causes of AIDS
The main causes of AIDS is a disorder of cell mediated immune system of the
body. The disorder is characterized by a reduction in the number of helper. T-
cell which stimulate antibody production by B-cells. This result in the loss of
natural defense against viral infection.
Transmission of AIDS Virus
It is only transmitted by a direct contact of infected cells - containing blood of
patient to the blood of a healthy person as in -
1) Sexual intercourse with an infected partner if there is tissue injury to
permit blood contact.
2) Use of contaminated needles and syringes to inject drugs or
vaccines.
3) Use of contaminated razors, needles for boring pinnae.
4) Transfusion of infected blood or blood product.
5) Organ transplant.
6) Artificial insemination.
7) Parturition from mother to baby due to rupturing of blood vessels.
Project on Other Diseases :
Project Report Human Diseases
Project Report Ebola Virus
Note : The sexual of transmission account for over 75% of infections.
AIDS is not a contagious disease. It does not spread by casual contact, such
as handshake , body contact in crowded places, working or playing together ,
sharing clothes , eating food cooked by infected person, using same toilet,
swimming pools. It is also not and ribovirin seem most promising. A drugs
named zide vuidine prolongs the life of many AIDS patient. However some
patients AIDS virus have already mutated to zidovudine resistant forms.
INTRODUCTION OF AIDS VIRUS
It is 100 to 140 nm. in diameter and has a cylindrical core. It is found in blood
and semen and to a lesser extent in milk tears and saliva. It is a retrovirus, i.e.
its genetic material is - RNA (single stranded linear) which can make a DNA
copy of itself with the help of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. The virus bind
specifically to a surface receptor on a helper T-cell and introduce its RNA and
reverse transcriptase enzyme into the cells here it multiplies and the release
of new virus destroys the cell. AIDS occurs when the helper T-cell falls too low
to fight the disease.
Screening Test of AIDS
AIDS Patient generally have circulating antibodies which can be detected. In
many countries this test is done as a routine on blood, donor, screening may
prove harmful to victims. Persons found to be HIV positive become depressed
and suicidal and are denied insurance, evicted from their houses, fired from
their jobs only a small minority of such persons are likely to develop full blown
AIDS. However the infected persons may spread infection to others.
Today ‘ELISA’ test is done identify this pandemic disease (AIDS).
Manifestation of AIDS
Manifestation :- It can manifest in two major ways -
i) Maligent tumours in connective tissue
ii) Viral, bacterial, protozoan and fungalin-fection of any system of the body.
There are destruction of WBC’S, damage to brain,. unexplained fever,
unexplained loss of appetite, unexplained loss weight over a short time,
chronic diarrhea, cough, night sweats, enlargement of lymph glands,
shortness of breath, weakness.
AIDS Treatment :- Medical treatment of AIDS consist of :
i) Antiviral therapy against the causative agent
ii) Immuno simulative therapy to increase the number of resistance - providing
cells in the body or both. However no specific treatment has been found so
far and the mortality form AIDS is virtually 100%. A victim of full blown AIDS
dies with in 3 year from infection of many drugs tried, azithmidine transmitted
by blood sucking insects such as mosquitoes, AIDS virus has been found in
urine, tears saliva, breast milk and vaginal secretions, but is seems not to
transmitted by these fluids unless it gets a cut.
PREVENTIONS FROM AIDS
Following steps may help in controlling this dreaded disease.
i) People particularly those in high risk group should be educated about
AIDS transmission.
ii) High risk group should refrain from blood donation.
iii) Disposable needles and syringes should be used.
iv) Sexual habits should changed immediately.
v) Before receiving blood, ensure that it has been screened for HIV.
vi) Routine screening may be done in
a) Blood Donors,
b) Organ Donors
c) Donors of semen and growth hormone,
d) Patient receiving haemodialysis
e) Females in high risk group, Who are pregnant or contemplating
pregnancy.
Chastity, life long monogamy, and a clean needle for each injection are
the only ways to prevents the spread of AIDS. These measure will
succeed only in persons not already infected.
Major causes & steps to prevent it
Reasons of spreading AIDS among world people
More than 90% of the infected persons are belong to developing countries.
REASONS :-
(i) Low-level of socio-economic development.
(ii) Low health consciousness and facilities
(iii) A growing unmarried youth population due to delayed marriage
(iv) High rate of labour migration.
(v) Low level of literacy among high-risk groups.
(vi)High incidence of sexuality transmitted diseases and reproductive tract
infections among men and women.
Steps taken to prevent the spreading of AIDS :
(i) National AIDS programme of south East Asian countries are beginning to
yield encouraging results. The 100% condom use programme in Thailand and
the Sonagachi project in Calcutta, a model peer education programme among
sex workers, have helped bring down AIDS infection and also reduced the
incidence of STD.
(ii) Non-government organizations have brought Baptist interest litigations
against such cases of discrimination and the courts have pronounced the
rights of such peoples. This has helped alleviate the misery of affected
persons.
CONCLUSION
After studying the cause and effects of ‘AIDS’ from different views, we
conclude that it is a pandemic disease. It is mainly spreading sexually and
person of the age group of 25-45 years are the most affected group. There
are some methods like ‘Antiviral Therapy’ and Immuno Stimulative therapy
which bring some hope that even then no specific treatment has been found
so for and morality form is virtually 100%. So only prevention in the test
medicine care.
OBSERVATION
AIDS immersed as pandemic disease. It is nondurable. It is more common in
developing countries. Now every day 1000 peoples are going to become HIV
infected in world. This is mainly due to blood transfusion & Sexual contact. In
whole world about 3 crore 30 lakhs people are HIV +ve & in India 3 lakh 70
thousands are HIV +ve. The number of HIV +ve persons are higher in
Tamilnadu Bombay, Calcutta and Kerala and Manipur.
PROBLEMS FOR PATIENT
AIDS cause disease of Immune system of body. The HIV cause damage to T
& B cell. Thus this is becoming a threatening problem of today and of future.
HYPOTHESIS
AIDS is non curable due to its nature of pathogen. It also damage immune
system of the body. Therefore any medicine (Antiviral) drugs are not effective
against HIV virus. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about this disease is the
root cause of wide spread of this disease.