WATCH THE FOLLOWING VIDEO

SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Licda. Milvia Rosales Galeano

Linguistics
March 23rd 2019
•It was first studied by Indian and Japanese linguists.
•It examines the link between language and society. It
analyses the ways in which language use varies
according to different situations.
•Sociolinguistics demonstrates how human language
reflects the reality of the world in which we speakers
live.
•It helps us to understand how and why language is
used by people in different circumstances.
•William Labov is regarded as the founder of the
study of sociolinguistics.
 SOCIAL VARIETIES

• Ethnicity
• Religion
• Status
• Gender
• Level of Education
• Age

These are used to categorize individuals in

social or socioeconomic classes.
 REGIONAL DIALECTS (VARIETY)

• It is a dialect of a language used in a specific

geographical area of a country.
• A dialect’s main identifier is geography where a
certain region uses specific phonological,
morphosyntactic, or lexical rules.
• Some regional dialects are so distinct that they
are known by particular names, for example:
• British dialects of English:
• Brummie from the Birmingham
• Geordie from Newcastle
• Scouse from Liverpool.
 EXAMPLE:

• Which speakers in urban areas of the North

(USA) are changing the pronunciation of vowels
in a systematic way?

• For instance, some speakers in Buffalo,

Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago
pronounce bat so that it sounds
like bet and bet so that it sounds like but.
 ABSENCE OF –ED IN ORAL READING

stepped jump
The cat spit out the chips and jumped in Ray’s coat.
True error Potential error
ABSENCE OF VERBAL /S/ IN ORAL READING

Hey Black doesn’t eat cats, not even one

like grow which

He just likes to growl and watch them run.

Potential error True error True error

HOW DOES LANGUAGE REFLECT SOCIETY?

Our usage of language is affected

by the society that we live in and
the role we play within that
society.
• Social interaction:
• As well as conveying messages, language is used
to maintain comfortable relationships between
people. For example after sneezing we say
“Bless you”.

• Gender identity:
• Research suggests that being male or female
influences our employment of language.
• Word choice and pronunciation: male speakers
tend to use the most pronounced regional
accents.
Regional identity:
• Use of a regional pronunciation
indicates belonging to a particular
geographical area or community.
 SOCIAL GROUPING AND NETWORKS
• The Variety of language we used is also affected by our
social groupings or networks.
• The type of language used by a particular social group or
subculture is often referred to as a Sociolect.

• The roles played by an individual, in identifying with social

networks and showing membership, can have an impact
on language and the use of lexis and grammar.

• A person’s language can vary according to which role they

are playing and the situation they are on.
 An individual´s unique use of language is called and
Idiolect.
 CODE SWITCHING

It is the term given to the use of different

varieties of language in different social
situations.

THEORY OF PLURICENTRIC
 It is a basic concept for sociolinguistic, it
describes how standard language varieties
differ between nations.
 GUATEMALA Y SU DIVERSIDAD
LINGÜÍSTICA
La diversidad sociocultural del pueblo maya incluye
las 22 comunidades lingüísticas siendo estos:
•Achi, •Mam,
•Akateko, •Mopan,
•Chorti', •Poqomam,
•Chuj, •Poqomchi,
•Itza, •Q'eqchi',
•Ixil, •Sakapulteko,
•Jakalteko, •Sipakapense,
•Qánjob'al, •Tektiteko,
•Kaqchikel, •Tz'utujil y Uspanteko;
•K'iche', •Xinka y Garífuna.
 Los idiomas Maya en Guatemala conforman una
familia de alrededor de 22 idiomas con estructura
propia, todos los idiomas tienen una historia
común ya que descienden del idioma maya madre
llamado Protomaya, el cual se inició hace 4,000
años antes de Cristo.

 El Protomaya se dividió en seis subfamilias de las

cuales derivan los idiomas Maya actuales. Cada
uno de estos idiomas, aún cuando tiene un tronco
común, ha desarrollado sus propias reglas
gramaticales, fonológicas, de vocabulario y de
derivación y generación de palabras nuevas.
 POQOMAM
Se habla en seis
municipios de tres
departamentos.
Departamento de
Guatemala: Chinautla y
Mixto (parte).
Departamento de
Jalapa: San Carlos
Alzatate, San Luis
Jilotepeque, San Pedro
Pinula
Departamento de
Escuintla: Palín
 FRASES EN POQOMAN
Manjeyu’ chixq’eq cha reh nab’anam awiib’ la
winaq xareej.
 Nunca es demasiado tarde para ser la persona
que quieres ser.

Man k’ih ta la ak’achariik reh nakamanb’eem la

qa’sa man nawa’ta
 La vida es demasiado corta para tener el
trabajo equivocado
 BIOGRAPHY AND E-GRAPHY
• http://sounds.bl.uk/Sound-Maps/Your-Accents
• http://www.mccarter.org/education/myfairlady/index.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UgpfSp2t6k
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolect
• http://www.pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/
• http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/home.html

The sociolinguistic intersection of Spanish and English, William Labov, University of

Pennsylvania, James E. Alatis plenary, Philadelphia TESOL Convention March 29,
2012
• English for language and linguistics In Higher education studies ,Garnet Education.

Ministerio de Educación Guatemala:

www.mineduc.gob.gt/digebi/mapaLinguistico.html
http://www.mineduc.gob.gt/digebi/mapaLinguistico.html
Tradición y Modernidad; Universidad Rafael Landivar Instituto de Lingüística, Guatemala,
1993.