Lesson Plan in Chemistry

Grade 8 SCIENCE

12:15 PM- 2:00 PM Section: Mars

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. recognize the major categories of biological molecules such as

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and

2. interpret food labels in terms of percentage composition in relation to the

required daily intake of carbohydrates/sugars, proteins, and fats; and

II. SUBJECT MATTER: Matter

Topic: Biomolecules

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

http://biology.tutorvista.com/biomolecules.html

Time frame: 45 minutes

Strategy: Discussion, Cooperative Learning

Materials: PowerPoint presentation, LCD Projector, Laptop

III. Learning Task

Teachers’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminaries

Good morning, class! Good morning, Sir!

Before we start let us pray first…

Before taking your seats, arrange your chairs

first and pick up tiny pieces of garbage under
your chairs.

Okay, please settle down.

(Checking of attendance)
Say present if your name is called…

B. Review/Drill
Before we proceed to our lesson today, let us
have first a review about our topic last
meeting.

What have we discuss last meeting class? Ideal gas law sir.

What is ideal gas law? Ideal gas law is the equation of

state of a hypothetical ideal gas.

Who can give the equation and its

interpretation? P V = n R T, meaning The volume
(V) occupied by (n) moles of any
gas has a pressure (P) at
Very good students. temperature (T) in Kelvin.

I think you really learned our lesson last

meeting.

C. Motivation
Now, I will group you into two, this will be the
group 1 and this will be the group 2.

Each group will be given an envelope. Inside

the envelope are letters. You will arrange the
letters to form a word.

The first group who will finish first will be the

winner.

Okay, are you ready class?

Yes sir.
Now, start.

B I O M O L E C U L E S
D. Lesson Proper
Okay, please read the word. Biomolecules!

Good, now our lesson for today is all about

biomolecules.

A biomolecule or biological molecule is a

loosely used term for molecules or more
commonly ions that are present in organisms.
Biomolecules including large macromolecules
(or polyanions) such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as
well as small molecules such as primary
metabolites, secondary metabolites, and
natural products. A more general name for this
class of material is biological materials.
Biomolecules are usually endogenous but may
also be exogenous. For example,
pharmaceutical drugs may be natural products
or semisynthetic (biopharmaceuticals) or they
may be totally synthetic.

There are four major classes of biomolecules:

 Carbohydrates
 Lipids

 Proteins

 Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are good source of energy.

Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are long
chains of sugars. Monosaccharides are simple
sugars that are composed of 3-7 carbon
atoms. They have a free aldehyde or ketone
group, which acts as reducing agents and are
known as reducing sugars. Disaccharides are
made of two monosaccharides. The bonds
shared between two monosaccharides is the
glycosidic bonds. Monosaccharides and
disaccharides are sweet, crystalline and water
soluble substances.Polysaccharides are
polymers of monosaccharides. They are
unsweet, and complex carbohydrates.They are
insoluble in water and are not in crystalline
form.

Example: glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose,

starch, cellulose etc.

Lipids

Lipids are composed of long hydrocarbon

chains. Lipid molecules hold a large amount of
energy and are energy storage molecules.
Lipids are generally esters of fatty acids and
are building blocks of biological membranes.
Most of the lipids have a polar head and non-
polar tail. Fatty acids can be unsaturated and
saturated fatty acids.
Lipids present in biological membranes are of
three classes based on the type of hydrophilic
head present:
Glycolipids are lipids whose head contains
oligosaccharides with 1-15 saccharide
residues.
Phospholipids contain a positively charged
head which are linked to the negatively
charged phosphate groups.
Sterols, whose head contain a steroid ring.
Example steroid.
Example of lipids: oils, fats, phospholipids,
glycolipids, etc.

Proteins

Proteins are heteropolymers of stings of amino

acids. Amino acids are joined together by the
peptide bond which is formed in between the
carboxyl group and amino group of successive
amino acids. Proteins are formed from 20
different amino acids, depending on the
number of amino acids and the sequence of
amino acids.

There are four levels of protein structure:

Primary structure of Protein - Here protein
exist as long chain of amino acids arranged in
a particular sequence. They are non-functional
proteins.
Secondary structure of protein - The long
chain of proteins are folded and arranged in a
helix shape, where the amino acids interact by
the formation of hydrogen bonds. This
structure is called the pleated sheet. Example:
silk fibres.
Tertiary structure of protein - Long polypeptide
chains become more stabilizes by folding and
coiling, by the formation of ionic or
hydrophobic bonds or disulphide bridges, this
results in the tertiary structure of protein.
Quaternary structure of protein - When a
protein is an assembly of more than one
polypeptide or subunits of its own, this is said
to be the quaternary structure of protein.
Example: Haemoglobin, insulin.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are organic compounds with

heterocyclic rings. Nucleic acids are made of
polymer of nucleotides. Nucleotides consists of
nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a
phosphate group. A nucleoside is made of
nitrogenous base attached to a pentose sugar.
The nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine,
thyamine, cytosine and uracil. Polymerized
nucleotides form DNA and RNA which are
genetic material.

E. Evaluation
Now, you will be divided into four groups,
indicated by your nametag. Group 1 will sit
here, group 2 here, group 3 there and group 4
there.

All you have to do is aswer the worksheet that

I will be giving to the group. The output would
still be individual but you will answer as group.

You will only have 20 minutes to answer.

Okay,start!
IV. Agreement

Read in advance about chemical reactions. We will have an oral recitation

next meeting.

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