Lesson Plan in Earth Science

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. identify the different types of volcanoes; and

2. understand the differences between volcanoes.

II. SUBJECT MATTER: Earth and Space

Topic: Different types of volcanoes

Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DceHEBGVfj4

http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/198

Materials: LCD Projector, Laptop

III. LEARNING TASK

Teachers’ Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preliminaries

Good morning, class Good morning, Ma’am!

Before we start let us pray first…

(Checking of attendance)
Say present if your name is called…

Before taking your seats, arrange

your chairs first and pick up tiny pieces
of garbage under your chairs.
 B. Review/Drill

Before we proceed to our lesson today,

let us have first a review about our
topic last meeting.

What was our discussion all about? It was all about the active and inactive
volcanoes Ma’am.

Okay, who can differentiate active and An erupting volcano is an active volcano
inactive volcanoes? that is having an eruption while an
inactive volcano is not erupting, but
supposed to erupt again Ma’am.

Thank you for those answers.

C. Motivation

Now, I want you to pay attention to the Okay Ma’am.

video presentations that I will be
showing to you.

Class, what was the video all about? About an erupting volcano Ma’am.

Very good.

D. Lesson Proper

Okay, now in connection with the video

that you have watched. I will be
showing you the different kinds of
volcanoes.

First Picture:
(a poster of a Shield Volcano is
shown)

Shield volcanoes are the largest

volcanoes on Earth that actually look
like volcanoes (i.e. not counting flood
basalt flows). The Hawaiian shield
volcanoes are the most famous
examples. Shield volcanoes are almost
exclusively basalt, a type of lava that is
very fluid when erupted. For this
reason, these volcanoes are not steep
(you can't pile up a fluid that easily
runs downhill). Eruptions at shield
volcanoes are only explosive if water
somehow gets into the vent, otherwise
they are characterized by low-
explosivity fountaining that forms
cinder cones and spatter cones at the
vent, however, 90% of the volcano is
lava rather than pyroclastic material.
Shield volcanoes are the result of high
magma supply rates; the lava is hot
and little-changed since the time it was
generated. Shield volcanoes are the
common product of hotspot volcanism
but they can also be found along
subduction-related volcanic arcs or all
by themselves. Examples of shield
volcanoes are Kilauea and Mauna Loa
(and their Hawaiian friends),
Fernandina (and its Galápagos friends),
Karthala, Erta Ale, Tolbachik, Masaya,
and many others.

Second picture
(a poster of Stratovolcanoes is
shown)

Strato Volcanoes comprise the largest

percentage (~60%) of the Earth's
individual volcanoes and most are
characterized by eruptions of andesite
and dacite - lavas that are cooler and
more viscous than basalt. These more
viscous lavas allow gas pressures to
build up to high levels (they are
effective "plugs" in the plumbing),
therefore these volcanoes often suffer
explosive eruptions.

Strato volcanoes are usually about half-

half lava and pyroclastic material, and
the layering of these products gives
them their other common name of
composite volcanoes.

Third picture
(a poster of a Rhyolite caldera
complexes is shown)

Rhyolite caldera complexes are the

most explosive of Earth's volcanoes but
often don't even look like volcanoes.
They are usually so explosive when
they erupt that they end up collapsing
in on themselves rather than building
any tall structure (George Walker has
termed such structures "inverse
volcanoes"). The collapsed depressions
are large calderas, and they indicate
that the magma chambers associated
with the eruptions are huge. In fact,
layers of ash (either ash falls or ash
flows) often extend over thousands of
square kilometers in all directions from
these calderas. Fortunately, we haven't
had to live through one of these since
83 ADS when Taupo erupted. Many
rhyolite caldera complexes, however,
are the scenes of small-scale eruptions
during the long reposes between big
explosive events. The vents for these
smaller eruptions sometimes follow the
ring faults of the main caldera but most
often they don't. The origin of these
rhyolite complexes is still not well-
understood. Many folks think that
Yellowstone, for example, is associated
with a hotspot. However, a hotspot
origin for most other rhyolite calderas
doesn't work; they occur in subduction-
related arcs. Examples of rhyolite
caldera complexes include Yellowstone,
La Primavera, Rabaul, Taupo, Toba, and
others.

Fourth picture
(a poster of a Monogenetic fields)

Monogenetic fields don't look like

"volcanoes", rather they are collections
of sometimes hundreds to thousands of
separate vents and flows. Monogenetic
fields are the result of very low supply
rates of magma. In fact, the supply rate
is so spread out both temporally and
spatially that no preferred "plumbing"
ever gets established; the next batch of
magma doesn't have a pre-existing
pathway to the surface and it makes its
own. A monogenetic field is kind of like
taking a single volcano and spreading
all its separate eruptions over a large
area. There are numerous monogenetic
fields in the American southwest and in
México, including Michoacan-
Guanajuato, San Martín Tuxtla,
Pinacate, and the San Francisco
volcanic field.

Fifth picture
(a poster of a Flood Basalt is shown)

Flood basalts are yet another strange

type of "volcano." Some parts of the
world are covered by thousands of
square kilometers of thick basalt lava
flows - individual flows may be more
than 50 meters thick, and individual
flows extend for hundreds of
kilometers. The old idea was that these
flows went whooshing over the
countryside at incredible velocities
(e.g., like a flash flood). The new idea is
that these flows are emplaced more
like flows, namely slow moving with
most of the great thickness being
accomplished by injecting lava into the
interior of an initially thin flow. The
most famous US example of a flood
basalt province is the Columbia River
Basalt province, covering most of SE
Washington State and extending all the
way to the Pacific and into Oregon. The
Deccan Traps of NW India are much
larger and the Siberian Traps are even
larger than that (but poorly
understood). The Ontong Java plateau
may be an oceanic example of a flood
basalt province.

Sixth picture
(a poster of Mid-ocean ridges)
This is a map of the major oceanic
spreading centers. This is sometimes
considered to be one ~70,000 km-long
volcano. Here, the plates are pulled
apart by convection in the upper
mantle, and lava intrudes to the
surface to fill in the space. Or, the lava
intrudes to the surface and pushes the
plates apart. Or, more likely, it is a
combination of these two processes.
Either way, this is how the oceanic
plates are created.

The lava produced at the spreading

centers is basalt, and is usually
abbreviated MORB (for Mid-Ocean
Ridge Basalt). MORB is by far the most
common rock type on the Earth's
surface, as the entire ocean floor
consists of it. We know that spreading
occurs along mid-ocean ridges by two
main lines of evidence: 1) the MORB
right at the ridge crest is very young,
and it gets older on either side of the
ridge as you move away; and 2)
sediments are very thin (or non-
existent) right near the ridge crest, and
they thicken on either side of the ridge
as you move away. Mid-ocean ridges
are also the locations of many
earthquakes; however, they are shallow
and generally of small magnitude.

We have never witnessed an eruption

along a mid-ocean ridge, although a
few times earthquake swarms have
been detected along them (mainly by
secret US Navy listening devices).
When scientists have investigated soon
after, fresh-looking basalt, plumes of
hot chemical-laden water, and recently-
killed marine organisms have been
observed, indicating that an eruption
almost certainly had occurred.

E. Evaluation

Now to see if you have really learned

something about our topic for today.
We are going to have a short quiz. I
have prepared here a questionnaire for
you to answer.

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Are almost exclusively basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when
erupted.
a. Stratovolcano
b. Shield volcano
c. Monogenetic fields
2. are the most explosive of Earth's volcanoes but often don't even look
like volcanoes.
a. Rhyolite caldera complexes
b. Mid-ocean ridges
c. Stratovolcano
3. Sometimes considered to be one ~70,000 km-long volcano.
a. Flood Basalts
b. Shield Volcanoes
c. Mid-ocean ridges
4. Usually about half-half lava and pyroclastic material, and the layering
of these products gives them their other common name of composite
volcanoes.
a. Stratovolcano
b. Shield Volcano
c. Flood Basalts
 5. Is the result of very low supply rates of magma?
a. Rhyolite Caldera Complexes
b. Monogenetic fields
c. Mid-Ocean ridges

IV. Assignment

List 10 different types of volcanoes in our country.

Prepared By:

Bliss Roen L. Cepeda