Animal activity around the clock with no overt circadian rhythms: Patterns, mechanisms and

adaptive value. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2013.0019

Circadian Rhythms are present everywhere and in every biological organism, including

the Malaria protist. Multiple factors influence these Circadian Clocks. One of these factors is the

Clock gene, a section of the genome that has been shown to have a profound effect on schedules

and activity. Another one of these factors is natural selection as the Circadian Rhythm has been

shown to adapt to the environment in order to provide the organism with the most efficient time

zones for activity. Circadian Rhythms are composed of endogenous clocks influencing

transcription translation feedback loops that maintain time through oscillations. Depending on

the organism, these endogenous clocks can be active throughout the whole day. Typically, as a

result of this, decreased performance has been shown in most organisms. However, as of

recently, due to convergent evolution, some organisms are beginning to become active around

the clock and exhibit no ill effects.

Beginning with Authority, the author, Guy Bloch, is qualified to discuss Circadian

Rhythmicity because his credentials and experience includes the publication of the article

Developmentally determined attenuation in circadian rhythms links chronobiology to social

organization in bees, the publication of Natural plasticity in circadian rhythms is mediated by

reorganization in the molecular clockwork in honeybees, his involvement in the Department of

Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, and his PhD. His contact information is included in the article.

The author, Brian M. Barnes, is qualified to discuss Circadian Rhythmicity because his

credentials and experience includes involvement with the Institute of Arctic Biology, his

publication of Suprachiasmatic nuclei influence torpor and circadian temperature rhythms in

hamsters, and his publication of Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological timekeeping

meets environmental change. His contact information is included in the article. Now moving on

to Currency, although the source was written more than 5 years ago, this source is still relevant

because it provides correct essential background information for behaviors of the Malaria protist.

This information will be expanded upon and complexified further with future sources. For

Coverage, even though this is an opinion, the author still presents claims, reasoning, and

evidence to show why that opinion is valid and credible. For example, the author states that birds

are most active during a particular time, provides seasonal activity data to support this, and

explains why this is in terms of migration and plastic circadian rhythms. The coverage can be

considered broad because the author describes a large range of social organisms ranging from

Bees to mole rats. The coverage can be considered deep because the author goes in depth with

each organism on how their circadian rhythms function. An example of this would be how to

author describes the bee’s circadian rhythmicity very reliant on the job system with Nurse bees

being active throughout the day. For Accuracy, the information contained in the source can be

verified elsewhere. For example, the author says that Circadian rhythms are composed of

endogenous clocks which can be corroborated by

nigms(https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/factsheet_circadianrhythms.aspx) in their

publication in which they state biological(endogenous) clocks produce Circadian Rhythms. For

Objectivity, the purpose of this article is to inform the audience about circadian rhythmicity and

the overwhelming arc of influence. The audience is composed of scholars and professionals. The

article is appropriate for this purpose and audience because of the high level vocab present. For

example, the author uses many words like arrhythmicity and euthermia throughout the passage.