Name : Rizki Maulinawati

Class : 6A BSI

NIM : 1113026000005

Lecturer : Abdurrosyid, S. S., M.EIL

The Analysis of Article “Edducation Cannot Wait” in The Jakarta Post Newspaper

ABSTRACT

This research analyzes the kinds of transformational grammar using by GTG theory such
as; negative transformation (T-Neg), possesive-pronoun transformation (T-Pros), inflectional
transformation (T-Infl) and passive transformation (T-Pass) in the article “Education Cannot
Wait” of the Jakarta Post. The problem that should be answered in this research are: how to
draw the tree diagram of T-Neg, T-Pros, T-Infl and T-Pass. In addition, this article also will be
analyzes by discourse analysis. The data which has been collected is analyzed as follows; the
writer read this article and described the passive and negative sentences which are found in this
article. The result of this reserch will be explain in the part of conclusion.

INTRODUCTION

Language is an exclusively human property, we can communicate with others in daily

activities, eventhough it can be included spoken (oral) language or written language. These kinds
of language are called text. Text is used in linguistics to refer any passage, spoken, or written of
whatever length, that does form a unified whole (Halliday & Ruqaiya 1). Newspaper as the other
kind of written texts is a kind of literary works which is defined as representation of human life.
A newspaper is a publication that is issued daily or weekly and includes local and international
news. Written text is same from spoken languge but also has different from spoken or oral
languge, because what appears in a book is not simply oral language written down. Written
language contains a different kind of vocabulary and different grammatical structures than oral
language (David & Yvonnes 23).

This paper focuses on the passive voice , negative sentence and discourse analysis in the
article “Education Cannot Wait” of The Jakarta PostNewspaper by using the framework GTG

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theory, the theory of transformation from Richard Veit and discourse analysis. The writter
believes that passive and negative sentences is still a problem for people who study it, especially
in its transformationa grammar. The analysis was conducted by reviewing the process of
transformation from deep structure into surface structure that is written in the article of the
Jakarta Post. The writer is interested in doing this paper in the acticle of The Jakarta
PostNewspaper.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Generative Transformational Grammar (GTG)

Chomsky’s theory is referred to as generative grammar because it is an attempt to develop a

small set of rules that could be used to produce, or generate, any sentence pattern of oral
language, Chomsky began to consider a more complex model that contains both a surface
structure and deep structure. He argued that there are is a limited number of these deep-
structure patterns that we acquire. Then we also learn how to move around or transform these
basic structures to produce a great number of different surface structures. The task of acquiring a
few basic structures and some rules governing how to move the elements of the base structures
around to produce different surface structures is much easier than learning all the possible
surface structures, and for that reason, Chomsky argued, his model of grammar was
psychologically real (David & Yvonnes 11). According to Veit, surface structure represents what
is actually spoken or written, while deep structure is the changes in the sentence after the
transformational rule has been applied (Veit 94).

In addition to its base, the syntactic component of a generative grammar contains a

transformational subcomponent. This is concerned with generating a sentence, with its surface
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structure, from its basis (Chomsky 17). Veit also explains that transformational rule allows the
grammar to rearrange or transform sentences and it is already generated by the phrase-structure
rules (Veit 92). After the definitions above, then we focus on the theory of transformation.

a. Kinds of Transformation
To changes the deep structure is depends on the sentence patterns and rules in its
surface structure. It can be seen about deep structure and surface structure in the point
of kinds of transformation on the book of Richard Veit (Veit 161-187).

b. Negative Transformation (T-Neg)

For each sentence that makes a positive statement there can also be a corresponding
negative sentence that contains the word not. For example, corresponding with the
possitive sentence, Howard will write letters, there is the negative sentence, Howard
will not write letters. So, the negative transformation is;

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 c. Passive Transformation (T-Pass)
Verb can occur in either the active or the passive voice. The difference between the
two voices is best described in terms of meaning. For example, the derivation of the
passive sentence The treasure might have been hidden by the pirates. This sentence
has the same deep structure as the active sentence The pirates might have hidden the
treasure.

B. Discourse Analysis

‘Discourse’ is one word that is widely known nowadays than democracy, human rights, civil
society, and the environment (Eriyanto 1). Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the
analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of
modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the study of smaller
bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of words (morphology),
meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study
larger chunks of language as they flow together (Tannen (2012)).

a. Building task
As for the multiple levels in a text:
1. Relationship
Analysis of the construction of this relationship in the media is very important and
significant, especially if in connecting with the social context. because of the unique
influence of their position shown in the media show a community context (Eriyanto 301).

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 2. Identities
Identity aspect is seen by Fairclough to see how the identity of the reporter is displayed
and constructed in a text pemberitaan.yaitu how journalists locates and identifies himself
with problems or social groups involved (Eriyanto 303-304).

b. Sociocultural Practice
Practice sociocultural analysis is based on the assumption that the social context that
exists outside the media affects how the discourse that appears in the news (Eriyanto
320). Some of which are as follows:
1. Situtional
How the text was produced with attention to situational aspects, resulting in a
different atmosphere than the other text.
2. Social
About how the social factors that influence the discourse that appears in the news.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research method used in writing this paper is a method of library, ie literature study
or data collection and information sourced from books literature relating to some theory. The
books used were obtained from public and private libraries. In this case, the writter made the
following phases:
1. Reviewing, analyzing , and concluding the data.
2. After determining the theoretical framework we collect and classify sentences
using the negative transformation and passive voice.
3. Analyzing the structure of sentences using GTG theory and discourse analysis.
4. Draw conclusions based on the data that has been studied, and the conclusion that
there can be given suggestions that are beneficial to the development of science.

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 DATA AND DISCUSSION

In this section, the analysis of article “Education cannot wait” in the Jakarta Post will be
presented to answer all the research question. The analysis will be given by the generative
transformational grammar analysis and discourse analysis. Generative transformational grammar
analysis will contain tree diagram and explaination of changes from surface into deep structure.

A. Analysis of article in the Jakarta Post

For this section, the analysis of acticle “Education Cannot Wait” will be accomplished as
follows:

a. Transformational Analysis
After analyzing data and creating the table findings, there are three sentences in
the article which will be analyzed. The three sentences are the deep structure of
the surface structure. The analysis can be seen in the following:
1. Most child plight can be considered temporary.
Transformed from the surface structure in the first sentence:
Their plight can not be considered temporary.

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 PS Rules : LEXICON: T-RULES :

S = Np Vp N = most child, plight, temporary T-Pros

Vp = Aux V Np pros = their T-Infl

Aux= Neg Tense M Aux =can T-Neg

V = BE

Adj = considered

Possesive-pronoun transformation (T-Pros), inflectional transformation

(T-Infl), and negative transformation (T-Neg) are the three kinds of
transformational used in this sentence. In possesive-pronoun transformation, I
replaced the word their with most child, because it is refers to most child (as I
analyze from the context of the article). Then the inflectional transformation is
made to create forms the words, especially in verbs modification, but there is
no inflection, because BE is still be. After inflectional transformation (T-Infl)
has supplied the verbs forms, T-Neg then moves the first auxiliary can, so that
it precedes not.
2. Crisis have uproote more boys and girls.
Transformed from the surface structure in the second sentence:
More boys and girls have been uprooted by crisis.
To see the transformation process clearly, here is the tree diagram of the deep
structure in figure 2(b).

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 PS Rules : LEXICON: T-RULES :

S = Np Vp N = crisis, more boys, girls T-Pass

Vp = Aux V Np Aux = have, been T-Infl

Aux = Mood Tense Perf V = uprooted

Pass Adv = by

From the transformation above, there are some kinds of transformational rules
used. In 1 (a). the operation of passive transformation (T-Pass) is shown
below the broken line. Firstly, the deep structure subject noun phrase the crisis
is replaced by the object noun phrase more boys and girls. Secondly, the
passive auxiliary is added. Thirdly, the direct object slot becomes vacant
(symbolized by Ø). Then, the original subject noun phrase crisis becomes the
object of prepostional phrase, preceded by by. We can see that T-Infl
supplying the appropriate verb forms and finally turned into the passive voice.

3. Old world bank rules will bind the fund.

Transformed from the surface structure in the second sentence:
The fund will not be bound by old world bank rules.
To see the transformation process clearly, here is the tree diagram of the deep
structure in figure 3(c).

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 PS Rules : LEXICON: T-RULES :

S = Np Vp N = old, world, bank, rules, fund T-Pass

Vp = Aux V Np det = the T-Infl

Aux = Neg Tense M Aux = will, be T-Neg

Vp = Aux V Adv V = bound

Adv = by

In the third sentence there are three transformational, such as: passive
transformation (T-Pass), inflectional transformation (T-Infl), and negative
transformation (T-Neg) are applied. In passive transformation (T-Pass) and
inflectional transformation (T-Infl) are the same as the 2(b) passive

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 transformation (T-Pass), but it is just added by negative transformation (T-Neg),
which is the same with the 1(a).
b. Discourse Analysis
1. Building task
 Relationship
Voluntary contributions are then administered by refugee agencies, charities,
and NGOs, which heroically help refugees scrape by with the bare essentials
– food, water, shelter, and protection.
….. Under the leadership of UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake,
UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova, UN High Commissioner for
Refugees Filippo Grandi, Chair of the Global Partnership for Education Julia
Gillard, and World Bank President, Jim Yong Kim – and with the support of
the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon – an unprecedented humanitarian
fund for education in emergencies is about to be established.
The relationship in this article is that the writter described the organizations
who is involved to help the children affected by crisis since 1945.
 Indetities
In the article of “Education Cannot Wait, has written that “…should be taken
as a test of our sincerity, and as a challenge to our complacency, when
considering the fate of the 30 million children displaced from their homes by
civil wars and natural disasters”. the writer assumed that children who
affected by civil wars and natural disaster should be assisted particularly in
their education. The fate of these dispossessed is tethered to the thinnest of
lifelines. “When disaster strikes, what can only be described as a begging
bowl is handed around the world’s donor community”. The writerr adds that
this is our problem which must be funding from major organizations in the
world.

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 2. Sociocultural Practice
 Situational
aAsituation which is reflected in this discourse is very poor conditions,
especially for those who are victims of civil wars and natural disaster.
“They are likely to spend their school-age years without entering a
classroom, their talents undeveloped and their potential unlocked.”
 Sosial
Natural disasters which caused a massive loss of property and the civil
wars that resulted in various crises both economic terms as well as the
psychology of children who are victims.
“Indeed, less than 2% of humanitarian aid reaches education. Syria’s civil
war, now entering its sixth year, and the first anniversary of Nepal’s
devastating earthquake – two disasters that have forced millions more
children into the streets – serve as painful reminders that we lack the
means to return children to the classroom in the wake of such tragedies”.
B. Discussion

Newspaper is an instrument in a language which contains a lot of meaning in it as well as

anything that has happened in the world as an information. besides newspapers also have a lot of
sentences that can be analyzed as a change passive to active and changes negative into a positive
sentence.

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 CONCLUSION

Based on data analysis, there are four kinds of transformation are applied in the article
“Education Cannot Wait” , such as; negative transformation (T-Neg), possesive-pronoun
transformation (T-Pros), inflectional transformation and passive transformation (T-Pass). From
perspective of transformational analysis it can be seen that the transformation process from
surface into deep structure is refers to gramatically of the sentences. Besides that, discourse
analysis is conducted to portray its social activities and identities in this article. This discourse
analysis including building task and sociocultural practice. This paper is expected to be able to
give knowledge about the structure of the grammar and transformation as well as discourse
analysis contained in this article.

SOURCES

Halliday, and Hasn Ruqaiya, Cohesion in English. London, Longman Group Ltd., 1976. Print.

E., David and S., Yvonnes Freeman, Essential Linguitics. USA, Heinemann., 2004. Print.

Veit, Richard. Discovering English Grammar. Boston: Houghton Miffun Company, 1986. Print.

Chomsky, Noam, Aspect of The Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1965. Print.

Eriyanto. Analisis Wacana. Yogyakarta: PT. Lkis Printing Cemerlang, 2012. Print.

Linguistic Society of America. 2012, “Discourse Analysis—What Speakers Do in

Conversation”. 2012. Web. 25 June 2016. <http://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/discourse-
analysis-what-speakers-do-conversation>.

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