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Railway Bridge Construction: Summer Internship Project Report On
Railway Bridge Construction: Summer Internship Project Report On
On
Railway Bridge Construction
By
Avishek Baidya
B-Tech ( Civil ) -2011-15
5th Semester
A7615811032
Submitted to
Mr. Hari Gopal
Head
Department of Civil Engineering
At
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Amity University Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow Campus
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Girder Bridge
Fig.1.Beam Bridge
The main cables run from one end to another over the
towers. Suspension cables are hung from the main
cables to the deck. There is often a truss along the
underside of the deck to support its weight. Suspension
bridges can span longer distances than a beam, truss or
arch bridge. Much lesser of the main construction
materials is used, since the deck is suspended from the
towers which have strong foundations. But due to the
complex design and the materials needed to make the
strong cables sometimes make the suspension bridge the
costliest option. Being a less rigid bridge, it is probably
able to bear ground vibrations better than other designs.
However, winds portray a big problem to the stability of
a suspension bridge. Enough aerodynamic proofing is
required to be given to prevent the vibration of the deck
under the influence of strong winds.
Wood
Stone
Brick
Iron and Steel
Concrete
Reinforced concrete
Brick
Advantages:
strong in compression.
Disadvantages:
requires more time and skill to construct
than timber;
not strong in tension.
Concrete
Advantages:
very strong in compression;
currently the cheapest building material;
can be made with different characteristics for
different purposes, by using different aggregates
(the sand and/or stone which is used in the
mixture).
Disadvantages:
weak in tension.
Reinforced concrete
Advantages:
combines the best qualities of its component
materials, being strong in both tension and
compression.
Disadvantages:
sometimes criticised for ugly appearance - but this
is more a criticism of the structure, rather than the
material from which it is built.
Cement
This is a grey powder which is produced by burning
limestone or chalk (both natural forms of calcium
carbonate, CaCO3) with clay.
It readily mixes with water to form a hard, stone-
like material.
Cement is mixed with sand and water to make
bricklaying mortar.
Mixed with sand and small pieces of stone, along
with water, it forms concrete.
Until the 1880s cement was made in kilns which
were loaded, fired, left to cool, and then emptied.
This was a time consuming process.
Towards the end of the 19th century rotary kilns
were developed. In these, cement could be
manufactured continuously. This brought the price
of cement down considerably, and so
made concrete much less expensive.
Fig.6. Process of Cement Making
Concrete used in construction of Railway
Bridges
Workability:
Low 25 - 50
Medium 50 - 100
High 100 - 150
Very High 150 - 200*
CONCLUSION
Learning and Internship experience