Research proposal:

Structural analysis and Design of a modern market

ULK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

P.O BOX 2280 Kigali
Website: //www.ulkpolytechnic.ac.rw
E-maipolytechnic.institute@ulk.ac.rw
ACADEMIC YEAR 2018 - 2019

DEPARTEMENT: CIVIL ENGINEERING

YEAR: 3 COT / EV
NAMES: NDAYISABA TELESPHORE (201650259)
NSENGIYUMVA BERTIN (201650140)

SUPERVISOR: ENG NSENGIYUMVA EMMANUEL

TABLE OF CONENTS

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….2

2. Background of the project…………………………………………………………...3

3. Problem statements………………………………………………………………….4

4. Objectives of the project…………………………………………………………….4

5. Scope of the project …………………………………………………………………5

6. Limitation of the project…………………………………………………………….5

7. Literature review…………………………………………………………………….6

8. Methodology………………………………………………………………………....7

9. ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT

Chapter I: Structural analysis and design………………………………………………..7

Chapter II: Estimation and costing materials…………………………………………….8

Chapter III: Architectural drawings……………………………………………………..9

Chapter IV: Section design and structural detailing of the members……………………9

10. References……………………………………………………………………………10

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 1 General introduction

This research proposal is prepared as part of project work to fulfill the requirement of course
syllabus prescribed to Civil Engineering final year course. Among several topics which were
offered to us, we have chosen the topic entitled “STRUCTURAL ANALYIS AND DESIGN OF
MODERN MARKET AT BATSINDA VILLAGE” under the guidance of our dedicated supervisor
and Department of Civil Engineering.

Comparing various models of building structures, we found commercial building as the most
needed in our country. Thus, we have given preference to the construction of the frame
structured commercial building with, shear wall, lift. Building frame is the three dimensional
structure as space which consist of rigidly interconnected beams, slab and columns. It produces
greater number of the redundancy thus reduces the moments and facilitates the even distribution
of the load.

Sufficient figure and sketches have been introduced to illustrate the theories. Reference to the
appropriate clauses of standard codes of practices has been made wherever necessary. It is clear
that for understanding the process physically and realizing the structure behavior, manual steps
by steps procedure is necessary. However due to the time constraint and to be familiar to the
modern technology, the structural analysis and design part is performed using computer

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 2 Background

At present world, there is rapid emersion of the new technologies related to safe, economical,
stable construction. Nowadays, designers and engineers are giving more emphasis towards
resistance while analyzing and designing any structure to minimize the hazard issues

A good designer has to deal with various structures ranging from simple ones like the
curtailment rods, and electric poles to more complex ones like multi-storied frame buildings,
shell roofs, bridges etc.

These structures are subjected to various loads like concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads, uniformly varying loads, internal load and dynamic forces which are considered during the
design phase.

The structure transfers its load to the supports and ultimately to the ground. While transferring
the loads, the members of the structure are subjected to internal forces like axial forces, shearing
forces, bending and torsional moments which are discussed while analyzing the structures.

First of all the most appropriate structural system and initial proportioning of members is done.
Generally the initial drawing of architecture is referred. After that the loads are estimated based
on functionality and purpose of building based on codes. Then the process of structural analysis
and design evolves.

Structural Analysis deals with the prediction of performance of a given structure under stipulated
loads and other external effects. Structural design deals with the designing: member sizes,
reinforcement details, grading of materials, various members of the structure to resist various
forces to which they might be subjected during the life period of the structure.

While analysis, frames are analyzed for lateral or horizontal load. Structural by side and building
stay at rest. Thus the building gets thrown back and forth by the motion of the ground with some
part of building lagging behind and then moving in the opposite direction.

The level of damage depends upon how well the building has been designed and constructed.

The study process modeling output, analysis results, load calculations, architectural drawings,
structural drawings and sample calculations of various structural elements and their detailing as
well.

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 3 Problem statement

The Kigali Master Plan intends to guide growth and development of Kigali City. It understands
Kigali’s existing conditions and issues to provide recommendations and proposals for Kigali’s
bright and progressive future. That is the reason why at BATSINDA village, we are pleasured to
bring the modern market in that village. BATSINDA is a village located at Kagugu cell,
Kinyinya sector in Gasabo district in Kigali- town.

The main reason why we want to build this modern market in BATSINDA village it’s because
there are no available modern market for now so it won’t be easy for the population around
because as Formal markets in rural areas play an important role in improving agricultural
marketing. They can:

 Provide a location at which farmers can meet with traders;

 Increase retail competition by providing a convenient place where farmers can meet with
consumers;
 Improve hygiene, if existing marketing activities are carried out in an insanitary manner;
 Reduce post-harvest losses by providing protection for produce from direct sunlight, rain
 make marketing a more pleasurable activity
 Provide a focal point for rural activities.

For now, there is an existing informal market so to provide a modern market like this one will
plays many roles to the population in the area. It is in that case we choose to build a multi-story
building because of insufficient land problem of our country, we should use mult-storey
buildings more than single-story buildings in order to gain land.

4 Objectives

4.1 Main objectives of project are:

 To analyze and design structural members of commercial building.

 Describe what we expect to achieve by the analysis and design process.

4.2 Specific objectives

In our present project, the following specifics objectives will be investigated are:

1. Architectural drawing of project

2. Structural drawing and design

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 3. Sectional design and structural detailing

4. To estimate and costing of materials

5 Scope of the study

The scope of the study basically means all those things that we will cover in our research project.
It defines clearly the extent of content that will be covered by the means of the research in order
to come to more logical conclusions and give conclusive and satisfactory answers to the
research.

That is the reason why in our study we will do the following works…

 Calculating and estimating Loads of all the building to be constructed

 We will determine the structural system of the building to undertake the vertical and
horizontal loads
 We will analyze structural members of the building
 We will design the RC frame members, walls, foundation, staircases and other by limit state
method of design
 We will elaborate architectural drawings as a part of working construction document.
 We will determine materials used in construction
 We will determine Detailing of individual members
 We will establish tabula form for steel bars

6 Limitation of the project

Limitations are the influences that the researcher cannot control. They are the shortcomings,
conditions or influences that cannot be controlled by the researcher that place restrictions on in.

In our study, limitations that might influence the results are the followings:

 Budgets of the project

 Execution period of the project

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 7 Literature review

Structural design is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and rigidity
of structures. The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce
a structure capable of resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life. The
primary purpose of a structure is to transmit or support loads Structural design:

Is essentially - design of a complete structural system which must be safe to carry and transfer
the intended loads, generally to the ground on which the structure is supported.

The structural analysis is based on different theories of Physics or experimental analysis and
properties of materials.

The cross sections of the members are made optimum by using shapes and dimensions
efficiently. The members can be pre-fabricated or fabricated at site, or cast as per the shape and
size at site (like members of concrete). It also involves design of joints where the members are
connected.

8 Methodology

This study will first review various types of constraints in construction and their characteristics.
Based on this understanding, a classification method will be developed to categorize constraint
factors for the purpose of constraint identification and modeling. In the second stage of this
study, existing constraint modeling methods will be identified based on a comprehensive review
of current industry practices and academic researches.

The structural design methodology is a set of rules describing where and how to look for
solutions to the problem. The results are usually not isolated and specific, and different circuit
solutions for the same problem can be created by designers with different background and
experience or by the same designer if more time is allowed to tackle the same problem.

From the general point of view, the structural design is close to the philosophy of systems
thinking heuristic mathematics and methods of innovation theory. It is a set of formal rules of
how to approach the analog synthesis problem, and how to look for an acceptable solution. The
application of this methodology generates many different circuits unless there is a fundamental
contradiction in the problem.

Finally, once the constraint classification and modeling techniques are identified, a conceptual
framework for total constraint management will be outlined. This study will be conducted
between March 2019 to May 2019. To precede any sort work, various methods or steps are
adopted from its initial stage to final stage.

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 9 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT REPORT

CHAPTER I: STUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESING

Structural analysis

In this first chapter, “Structural Analysis and design”, we will deals with the prediction of
performance of a given structure under stipulated loads and other external effects. The
performance characteristics of interest are stresses and stress resultants such as:

 Axial Forces
 Shear Forces
 Bending Moments
 Deflections
 Support Reactions.

The analysis of the building will be done by the estimation of dimensions of different structural
members such as slab, beam, column, staircase, foundation, with the help of preliminary design,
various methods of design and different types of loads such as dead load (DL), live load (LL).

Structural design

Design of structural elements we will be basically done by the durability, building use in entire
service life of the structure. The realization of design objectives requires compliance with clearly
defined standards for materials, production, workmanship, and also maintenance. This part
includes all the design process of sample calculation of the following members:

 Slab
 Beam,
 Column
 Staircase
 Wall
 Foundation

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CHAPTER II: ESTIMATION AND COSTING MATERIALS

The process of calculating the quantities and cost of various construction items like excavation,
concrete, masonry, plaster etc. of the project is called an “estimate”. Estimate gives the
approximate cost of construction which will help the owner to decide whether the proposed work
can be carried out with the available funds or at further disposal and then plan its details during
construction.

According to the definition, in this chapter, we will determine:

 Required Quantity of Materials:

 Labor Requirement:
 Equipment, Tools and Plants Requirement:
 Time planning

CHAPTER III: ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

Architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building project that falls
within the definition of architecture. Technical drawing, drafting or drawing is the act
and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is
constructed.The architectural drawings are made according to a set of conventions, which
include particular views floor plan, section, sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, a
notation and cross referencing. Conventionally, drawings were made in ink on paper or a similar
material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand.
Our purposes for architectural drawings are:
 The main purpose of construction drawings is to provide a graphic representation of what
is to be built.
 To develop a design idea into a coherent proposal,
 To communicate ideas and concepts,
We will create our drawings by using ArchiCAD softy ware and AutoCAD where it will be
necessary

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Study of Architectural Drawing

Architectural drawings of the building were properly studied. Rooms within this commercial and
office building were allocated to various purposes such as staff room, administration, store room,
retail shop, restaurant etc. By the following points we will be able to study drawings

 Unit
 Interpretation

CHAPTER IV: SECTION DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL DETAILING OF THE

MEMBERS

In terms of design, the term ‘section’ typically refers to a view of a structure as though it has
been sliced in half or cut along another imaginary plane, which is generally, but not always a
vertical plane. This is represented as a ‘section drawing’ or ‘sectional drawing’. This can be
useful when designing or representing structures such as buildings as it gives a view that passes
through spaces such as rooms and also through the building fabric, and this can reveal
relationships between the parts of the building that might not be apparent on plans or elevations.

We will specify

 Size
 Shape
 Tolerances
 Manufacturing Information
 And other detailed information that will allow some who read to discover the
information.

10 REFERENCE

Reference is the books of same authors in which we have took the information and reference
codes.