ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any attempt at any level can’t be satisfactory completed without support

and guidance form mentors and supporters. We would like to express our
special thanks of gratitude to our respected teacher Er.Dipesh D.C as well
as our HOD Er.Govinda Khatri who gave us the opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic “Structure analysis and design of
residential building”. Secondly, we would like to thank teachers who assist
us to grab knowledge related to civil engineering project through
presentation on previous seminar organizing by central college of
engineering. Also, we would like to thank all our relatives, family, friends
who supported us in one another way or another.
The completion of the project could not have been possible without the
participation and assistance of a lot of individuals contributing the project.
However, we would like to express our deep appreciation and
indebtedness to our teachers and supervisors for their endless support,
kindness and understanding during the project duration.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who is involved in
the project directly or indirectly. We would like to acknowledge with
mentioning our friend as well as the direct and indirect hands for the
completion of the project.

Samikshya Tiwari
Shiva karki
Simran kumara sah
Sushil bahadur thakulla
 ABSTRACT
The main of the project is to structurally analyze and design a seismic
resident multistory building. a building has to perform many functions
satisfactorily. Among these functions are the utility of the buildings for
intended use and occupancy, structural safety, fire safety and compliance
with hygienic sanitation and ventilation and daylight standard. Hence all
components of the buildings should be checked properly at the time of
design. The loads on the commercial buildings changes at different time
interval. Therefore, it should be able to withstand all the effects. The
design of buildings is dependent upon the minimum requirement
prescribed for each of the above functions.
As per the recent following of the gorkha earthquake that occurred in 25 th
april,2015 the construction of multistory building has been major concern.
So proper selection of building site is required. The analysis and design of
our buildings is based on increasing the seismic capacity through proper
configuration of the structure as well as proper designing and ductile
detailing of the structure elements.
 Contents

LISTS OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................4

LIST OF TABLE...............................................................................................................5

LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................6

1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................7

1.2 OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................................... 8

1.3 scope & significance......................................................................................................................... 9

1.4 limitations...................................................................................................................................... 10

2. METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................11

2.1 Theoretical /conceptual framework............................................................................................... 11

2.1.1 Structural analysis:.........................................................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Buildings materials:........................................................................................................................................12
2.1.3 Environmental factors:...................................................................................................................................12
2.1.4 Building code and standard............................................................................................................................12
2.1.4.3 IS 456-2000:.................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.1.4 Indian standard special publications (SP):..................................................................................................13
2.1.4.5 textbook of RCC design and earthquake engineering................................................................................13

2.2 DESIGN STUDY.......................................................................................................15

3. BUDGET ESTIMATE................................................................................................16

3.1 site preparation............................................................................................................................. 16

3.3 permits and fees............................................................................................................................ 16

 LISTS OF FIGURES

Figure1

Figure 2

Location:
Province: Karnali District: Surkhet
Zone: karnali Structural system: Special moment resisting frame.
Soil type: Type of foundation: According load and type of soil
LIST OF TABLE
 LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS

AC Actual cost
AC Air conducting
BAC Budget at completion
BIM Building information modeling
B.O.B Bill of materials
CA Construction administrative
CAD Computer aided design
C/C Center to center
CD Construction documents
CMU Concrete masonry unit
DB Design and built
DA Diameter
FOE Faculty of engineering
GSE Graduate school of engineering
RFQ Request for proposal
SOW Statement of work
TDS Top dead center
MU Graduate school of engineering
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND

Building construction is an ancient human activity. It is began with the

purely functional need for controlled environment to moderate the effects
of climate. Constructed shelter were one means by which human beings
were able to adopt themselves to a wide variety of climate and become a
global species. The history of civil construction was began from the period
of primitive human. From the protection against cold, rain, heat etc. they
made cave as their shelter.
Building are the structure which serves as shelters for man, his properties
and activities. They must be properly planned, designed and erected to
obtain desire satisfaction from the environment. The factor to be observed
in building construction include durability, adequate stability to prevent its
failure or discomfort to the users, resistance to users, fire outbreak and
other forms of accidents. Consequently, the work involved in the design
and construction stages of buildings are largely that of selecting materials,
components and structure that will meet the expected building standards
and aesthetics on economy basis. Several codes of practice universally
accepted are available for the design and construction of buildings.
Building collapse incidence are still regularly occurring despite increasing
diffusion of engineering knowledge. The most recent major earthquake in
Nepal on 12th baishak, 2072 with magnitude of 7.8 followed by two after
major aftershocks. Most of deaths results from totally collapsed building or
heavily damaged buildings. Likewise, most of the injuries resulted from
heavily damaged buildings with compare to other factors. The loss and
injuries would have been minimized if the buildings were constructed to
be seismic resistant as per the buildings code. Proper analysis and safe
design of structure therefore carries great importance from the f safety
and low risk viewpoint which is the main reason we proposed to perform a
project on commercial building.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
Followings are the major objectives of our proposed project:

 The main aim of the project under this title is to acquire knowledge
and skill on practical application.
 Reviewing of the architectural drawing.
 Preliminary preparation of plan of building using AUTOCAD.
 Preliminary design of structural elements.
 Detailed structural analysis of the building using SAP
 Design of various structural components.
 Ductile detailing of structural member.
 Preparation of detailed structural drawing.
 Better acquaintance with the code provision related to RCC design.
 Acquire knowledge of earthquake engineering.
 To maintain the norms and standard of engineering profession.
 1.3 scope & significance
The significance of building a final year engineering lies in the fact that it will
provides us with an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills we have
acquired during engineering education. This type of project typically requires
to work independently or as a team to apply critical thinking and problem
solving skill and to demonstrate a deep understanding of engineering
principles and practice involved the project. Building a successful engineering
project can also demonstrate ability to work in a team, to communicate
effectively and to manage resources such as time, budget and time materials.

Overall, the scope and significance of building project cannot be

overstated. It is crucial components of engineering education that provides
with practical, hand on experience and to prepares for successful careers in
chosen field.
 1.4 limitations
There may be several limitations that can affect the scope and
implementation of a project. Here are some of the most commons ones.
 Time constraints: This project is completed within a limited time frame,
which can be constraint on the scope and complexity of the project.
 Resources constraints: Project may be constraint by a lack of resources
including funding, equipment and materials.
 Skill set: The skill set of the project team can also be a limitation. The
project may require specialized knowledge or expertise that is not
available to the team.
 Lack of real world data: This project may require real world data or
information that is not really available which can limit the scope and
accuracy of project.
 Intellectual property: Project that involves propriety or patented
technology may be limited in the scope or require special permission.

It is important to consider these limitations when designing and

implementing this project to ensure that they are feasible, safe, economic
and ethical.
 2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Theoretical /conceptual framework
In civil engineering, a theoretical and conceptual framework refers to a set
of concept s and principles that are used to explain and analyzed a particular
phenomenon or process. A building project is normally a financial enterprise. A
developer of such a project aim at minimizing the costs and maximizing the
benefits of the project. In that respect, a building design the conceptual and the
detailed design can be viewed as the process of selecting The optimal
configuration that maximize the developer’s return within in given constraints.
However, the relationship between the building components and design
objectives are difficult to formulate. It is quite easy to calculate the costs of
different building components.
After the owner gives his specifications, the process of conceptual design
follows these steps
 Recognition of all constraints and preference relevant to the project.
 Estimating the relationship between the building attributes and the design
objectives.
 Generation of several possible structural configurations that comply with
the constraints and preferences and considered optimal by the designer.
 Evaluate the selected alternatives. In this stage a rough estimate is made
of the costs and benefits comprising the objective functions.
 If the best solution found in the previous steps is satisfactory the
conceptual design stage is completed. Otherwise, the above procedure will
be repeated by selecting different building components until a satisfactory
solution is found.

Here are some key components of a theoretical framework for design building in
Nepal.

2.1.1 Structural analysis: This involves the application of mathematical and

physical principles to analyze the behavior of building structures under various
loads and stresses. It also includes concepts such as the strength, plasticity,
elasticity.
2.1.2 Buildings materials: This focus on understanding the properties and
behavior of materials used in building design. This includes consideration of
materials durability, mechanical properties and chemical properties. Theoretical
framework of building focus on understanding the properties of building
materials used in building design.
2.1.3 Environmental factors: Theoretical framework of environmental control
in building design may draw on principles of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and
heat transfer.

2.1.4 Building code and standard

2.1.4.1 National building code(NCB): The NCB is the
comprehensive document that cover all aspects of building
construction, including structural design, fire safety, electrical
systems, plumbing and ventilation. The NCB id regularly updated to
reflect changes in building technology and safety practices.
The four different level of sophistication of design and construction
that are being addressed in the NCB code are as follow
 International state of art.
 Professionally engineered structures.
 Building of restricted size designed to simple rules and thumb.
 Remote rural buildings where control is impractical.

2.1.4.2 Nepal standard: The Nepal standard are the series of

technical regulation and guidelines that cover a wide range of
products and services, including building materials and construction
practices. The NS is published Nepal bureau of standard and
metrology.

2.1.4.3 IS 456-2000: Code of practice is an Indian standard code of

practice of general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete.
The code uses the limit state design approach as well as working
stress design approach. However, the recommended use of the limit
state design approach. It gives extensive information on the various
aspects of concrete.

 It is used for design and analysis of plain and RC

structure.
 Comprises of five sections and eight annexures.
 For competitive examination point of view, 3 sections
and three annexures are only important.
 Nothing do with strength.
 To prevent cracks due to shrinkage

2.4.1.4 Indian standard special publications (SP): For

clarification and explanation for the clauses and equations
mentioned in the Indian standard code, bureau of Indian
standard published some special specifications including
charts and table for requires value like properties and
explaining examples of design.
Following design aid will be used for design of structures
 SP 16: Design aid for reinforced concrete to IS 456-1978.

 SP 22: Explanatory hand book on codes for earthquake

engineering (IS 1893:1975 and 4326:1976).


 SP 24: Explanatory handbook on Indian standard code of
practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 456:1978.

 SP 43: Handbook on concrete reinforcement detailing.

 2.1.4.5 textbook of RCC design and earthquake
engineering
Many available books related to design of reinforced
concrete structure and earthquake engineering written in
distinguished author such as pillai and Menon, Sn Sinha
and AK Jain are based on the Indian standard code of
practice and provides sufficient theoretical background
with illustrative examples so for the analysis and the
design reference from the textbook is very helpful. Books
related to foundation engineering will also be valuable in
the design of building foundation proposal. Besides these
other book related to foundation engineering will also be
valuable in the design of building foundations. Beside
these other books related to structural designing (statics
and dynamics) will also be helpful for performing and
verifying the analysis output from computer software.
Apart from these reference there may require.
 2.2 DESIGN STUDY
Design of building require a thorough study of various factor such as site
analysis, client requirements, budget, building code and sustainability.
Here are some steps that can be followed for successful building study.
 Site analysis: This involves analyzing the site characteristics such as
location topography, climate soil type, accessibility and zoning regulation.
 Client requirement: This involves understanding their functional
requirements, aesthetic preference and budget constraint.
 Building program: It includes information such as the area required for
each space, the no. of occupancy and the activities that will take place in
each space.
 Building code: Building codes are regulations that dictate the design
construction, and occupancy of building.
 Sustainability: Sustainable design consider the environmental impact of
the building including energy efficiency water conservation and use of
sustainable materials.
 Concept design: This involves creating sketches drawing and 3D models
that communicate the design intend.
 3. BUDGET ESTIMATE
Here is typical budget estimate for a typical small residential building project.
It just a rough estimate and actual costs may vary based on location, materials
used, labor costs and other factors.
3.1 site preparation
 Site clearance and grading= Rs250000/-
 Excavation and foundation=Rs12000000/-
 Utility connections=Rs400000
Total site connections=Rs1850000/-

3.2 construction

 Framing=RS2400000/-
 Roofing and siding=Rs1200000/-
 Windows and doors=Rs800000/-
 Plumbing and electrical=Rs20000000/-
 Insulation and dry walls=Rs1200000/-
 Flooring and finishing=Rs2000000/-
Total construction costs=Rs9600000/-

3.3 permits and fees

 Building permit=Rs150000/-
 Impact fee=Rs200000/-
 Other fees and inceptions=Rs550000/-
Total estimated costs=Rs12000000/-

It is always best to consult with a professional contractor for more

accurate estimate based on materials specifications.
4. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
The expected outcomes of the project based on the goals and objectives
of the project. However, some excepted outcomes of the building project
include;
 Completion of the building within the budget and timeline one of the
primary expected outcomes of any building project to complete the
construction within the allocated budget and timeline. This insure that the
project is financially viable and meets the need of the stakeholders.
 Meeting design and quality standard: The constructed building should
meet the design and quality standards specified in the project plan. This
ensures the building is safe, functional and aesthetically pleasing.
 Increased the property value of the property which can be beneficial for
owners, investors and other stakeholders.
5. REFERENCES

Budhathoki, N. (2021). STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

MULTISTORIED BUILDING.
Code. (n.d.-a). (1987). SP34 :1987. (N.d). New Delhi: Bureau of Indian
Standards.
Code. (n.d.-b). (1993). IS 875 (Parts I & II) :1993. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian
Standards.
Code. (n.d.-c). (1993). IS 13920 :1993. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Code. (n.d.-d). (2000). IS 456 :2000. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
Jain, A. (n.d.). Jain, A. (2012). Reinforced Concrete (Limit State Design) (7th
ed.).Roorke, UP, India: Nem Chand & Bros.
NBC. (n.d.). (1994). NBC 105: 2020. Kathmandu: Department of Urban
Development and Building.