Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions Differentiation Formulas

Definitions of Hyperbolic Functions. For 𝑥 any real number, 𝑑

(sinh 𝑥) = cosh 𝑥
except where noted, the hyperbolic functions are defined as 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑
sinh 𝑥 = (cosh 𝑥) = sinh 𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑
cosh 𝑥 = (tanh 𝑥) = sech2 𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
sinh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑
tanh 𝑥 = = (coth 𝑥) = − csch2 𝑥
cosh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑
coth 𝑥 = = 𝑥 ,𝑥 ≠ 0 (sech 𝑥) = − sech 𝑥 tanh 𝑥
tanh 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 2 𝑑
sech 𝑥 = = (csch 𝑥) = − csch 𝑥 coth 𝑥
cosh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 2 Definitions of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
csch 𝑥 = = 𝑥 ,𝑥 ≠ 0
sinh 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥
sinh−1 𝑥 = ln(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥
Hyperbolic Function Identities
cosh−1 𝑥 = ln(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) , 𝑥 ≥ 1
cosh2 𝑥 − sinh2 𝑥 = 1
1 1+𝑥
tanh2 𝑥 + sech2 𝑥 = 1 tanh−1 𝑥 = ln( ) , 𝑥2 < 1
2 1−𝑥
coth2 𝑥 − csch2 𝑥 = 1 1 𝑥+1
coth−1 𝑥 = ln( ) , 𝑥2 > 1
sinh(𝑥 + 𝑦) = sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 + sinh 𝑦 cosh 𝑥 2 𝑥−1

cosh(𝑥 + 𝑦) = cosh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 + sinh 𝑥 sinh 𝑦 1 + √1 − 𝑥 2

sech−1 𝑥 = ln( ) ,0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥
sinh(2𝑥) = 2 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥
1 √1 − 𝑥 2
cosh(2𝑥) = cosh2 𝑥 + sinh2 𝑥 csch−1 𝑥 = ln( + ) ,𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥 |𝑥|
𝑥 1 + cosh 𝑥
cosh2 = Differentiation Formulas
2 2
𝑑 1
𝑥 cosh 𝑥 − 1 (sinh−1 𝑥) =
sinh2 = 𝑑𝑥 2
√𝑥 + 1
2 2
Relations to Trigonometric Functions 𝑑 1
(cosh−1 𝑥) = ,𝑥 > 1
𝑑𝑥 2
√𝑥 − 1
sinh 𝑥 = −𝑖 sin(𝑖𝑧)
𝑑 1
csch 𝑥 = 𝑖 csc(𝑖𝑧) (tanh−1 𝑥) = , 𝑥2 < 1
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
cosh 𝑥 = cos(𝑖𝑧) 𝑑 1
(coth−1 𝑥) = , 𝑥2 > 1
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
sech 𝑥 = sec(𝑖𝑧)
𝑑 −1
tanh 𝑥 = −𝑖 tan(𝑖𝑧) (sech−1 𝑥) = ,0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2
coth 𝑥 = 𝑖 cot(𝑖𝑧) 𝑑 −1
(csch−1 𝑥) = ,𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√1 + 𝑥 2
Sample Problems: Parametric Representation of Curves

Find the derivative of the following: Parametric Equations. If the coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦) of a point P
on a curve are given as functions 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑢), 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑢) of a
1. 𝑦 = sinh(3𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = 3 cosh(3𝑥) third variable or parameter 𝑢, the equations 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑢) and
1 1 1 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑢) are called parametric equations of the curve.
2. 𝑦 = cosh ( 𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = sinh ( 𝑥)
2 2 2 Examples:
2) ′ 2 (1 2)
3. 𝑦 = tanh(1 + 𝑥 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 = 2𝑥 sech +𝑥
1 (a) 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 4 sin2 𝜃 are parametric equations, with
1 1 1 parameter θ, of the parabola 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 4, since
4. 𝑦 = coth ( ) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = 2 csc 2 ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 4 cos 2 𝜃 + 4 sin2 𝜃 = 4
2)
5. 𝑦 = x sech(𝑥 ;
𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥 2 sech(𝑥 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 ) + sech(𝑥 2 )
6. 𝑦 = csch2(𝑥 2 + 1) ;
𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = −4𝑥 csch2 (𝑥 2 + 1) coth(𝑥 2 + 1)
1 1
7. 𝑦 = sinh(2𝑥) − 𝑥 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = sinh2 𝑥
4 2
8. 𝑦 = ln(tanh(2𝑥)) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = 4 csch(4𝑥)
1
3 (b). 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑡 2 is another parametric
−1
9. 𝑦 = sinh (3𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 = ′ 2
√9𝑥 2 + 1 representation, with parameter t, of the same curve.
𝑒𝑥
10. 𝑦 = cosh−1 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ =
√𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
1
11. 𝑦 = 2 tanh−1 (tan ( 𝑥)) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = sec 𝑥
2
1 1
12. 𝑦 = coth−1 ( ) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = − 2
𝑥 𝑥 −1
13. 𝑦 = sech−1 (cos 𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = sec 𝑥
Additional Problems:

Solve for the first derivative of the following: The First Derivative
5 ′ 4 5
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 cosh(𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 = 10𝑥 cosh 𝑥 + 2𝑥 sinh 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑢
=
sinh 𝑡 (𝑡 + 1) cosh 𝑡 − sinh 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑢
2. 𝑦 = ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ =
𝑡+1 (𝑡 + 1)2 The Second Derivative
2 2
3. 𝑦 = cosh 3𝑥 + sinh 3𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ( )
4. 𝑦 = ln(cosh(𝑥 2 + 1)) 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sample Problems:
5. 𝑦 = sinh √𝑥 2 + 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
1 1 1. Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 1 − cos 𝜃
6. 𝑦 = arctanh ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝜃 𝑑2𝑦 1
7. 𝑦 = arctanh(cos 𝑥) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = − csc 𝑥 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = , 2= −
𝑑𝑥 1 − cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 (1 − cos 𝜃)2
2 𝑑2 𝑦
8. 𝑦 = sech2 ln 𝑥 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = − sech2 (ln 𝑥) tanh(ln 𝑥) 2. Find
𝑑𝑦
𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑡 + cos 𝑡 𝑑 2 𝑦 1
9. 𝑦 = ln(coth( )) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 ′ = − csch 𝑥 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = , = −
2 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑡 − sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 (1 − cos 𝜃)2
1 1
10. 𝑦 = ln(cosh 𝑥) + ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 = tanh3 𝑥 3. Find the equation of the tangent to 𝑥 = √𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 − at
2 cosh2 𝑥 √𝑡
the point where 𝑡 = 4 . 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 17𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 20
4. The position of a particle that is moving along a curve is 𝑑𝑦
5. 𝑥 = sin2 𝑡 , 𝑦 = cos 2 𝑡 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = −1
given at time t by the parametric equations 𝑥 = 2 − 3 cos 𝑡, 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 3 + 2 sin 𝑡, where x and y are measured in feet, and t in
𝑑𝑦
seconds. 6. 𝑥 = sinh 𝑡 , 𝑦 = cosh 𝑡 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = tanh 𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
7. 𝑥 = √1 − 𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = arcsin 𝑡 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑡
𝑡+1 𝑡−1 𝑑𝑦 𝑡−1 2
8. 𝑥 = ,𝑦 = ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = −( )
𝑡−1 𝑡+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑡+1
𝑑𝑦 2
9. 𝑥 = √𝑡 2 + 1, 𝑦 = ln(𝑡 2 + 1) ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑡 2 + 1
𝑑𝑦
10. 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 sin 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑡 cos 𝑡 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = −𝑒 −2𝑡
𝑑𝑥
Find the time rate and direction of change of
𝜋 3√3 𝑓𝑡
(a) the abscissa when 𝑡 = , 𝐴𝑛𝑠:
3 2 s

5𝜋 𝑓𝑡
(b) the ordinate when 𝑡 = , 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 1
3 s
2𝜋
(c) θ, the angle of inclination of the tangent, when 𝑡 = ,
3

24 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐴𝑛𝑠: −
31 𝑠
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
5. Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑡, 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 2𝑡, 2 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 1
6. Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = 𝑡 + , 𝑦 = 𝑡 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑡
2 2 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑡 𝑑 𝑦 2𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 2 , 2= − 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑡 − 1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑡 − 1)3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
7. Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑡 , 𝑦 = cos 2𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = −2 sin 𝑡 , 2 = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
8. Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , given 𝑥 = cos 3 𝜃 , 𝑦 = sin3 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = − tan 𝜃 , 2 = 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Additional Problems:
𝑑𝑦
Solve for for the following:
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 3𝑡
1. 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑡 3 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: =
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
2. 𝑥 = 2𝑡 + 1, 𝑦 = 4𝑡 − 3 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: =2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑡
3. 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑡 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 𝑒
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑏𝑡
4. 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑡 2 ; 𝐴𝑛𝑠: =
𝑑𝑥 𝑎