Professional Documents
Culture Documents
D1.HCC.CL2.08
Trainee Manual
Prepare a variety of
sandwiches
D1.HCC.CL2.08
Trainee Manual
Project Base
Acknowledgements
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member
States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.
General Information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org.
All text is produced by William Angliss Institute of TAFE for the ASEAN Project on “Toolbox
Development for Front Office, Food and Beverage Services and Food Production Divisions”.
This publication is supported by the Australian Government’s aid program through the ASEAN-
Australia Development Cooperation Program Phase II (AADCP II).
Copyright: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2013.
All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to ensure that this publication is free from errors or omissions. However,
you should conduct your own enquiries and seek professional advice before relying on any fact,
statement or matter contained in this book. The ASEAN Secretariat and William Angliss Institute of
TAFE are not responsible for any injury, loss or damage as a result of material included or omitted
from this course. Information in this module is current at the time of publication. Time of publication is
indicated in the date stamp at the bottom of each page.
Some images appearing in this resource have been purchased from stock photography suppliers
Shutterstock and iStockphoto and other third party copyright owners and as such are non-transferable
and non-exclusive. Clip arts, font images and illustrations used are from the Microsoft Office Clip Art
and Media Library. Some images have been provided by and are the property of William Angliss
Institute.
Additional images have been sourced from Flickr and SKC and are used under Creative Commons
licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
File name: TM_Prepare_a_variety_of_sandwiches_FN_030114
Table of contents
Unit descriptor................................................................................................................... 3
Glossary ........................................................................................................................... 7
Recommended reading................................................................................................... 57
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Trainee Manual
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Trainee Manual
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Introduction to trainee manual
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Introduction to trainee manual
Front Office
Travel Agencies
Tour Operations.
All of these competency standards are available for you to look at. In fact you will find a
summary of each one at the beginning of each Trainee Manual under the heading ‘Unit
Descriptor’. The unit descriptor describes the content of the unit you will be studying in the
Trainee Manual and provides a table of contents which are divided up into ‘Elements’ and
‘Performance Criteria”. An element is a description of one aspect of what has to be
achieved in the workplace. The ‘Performance Criteria’ below each element details the
level of performance that needs to be demonstrated to be declared competent.
There are other components of the competency standard:
Unit Title: statement about what is to be done in the workplace
Unit Number: unique number identifying the particular competency
Nominal hours: number of classroom or practical hours usually needed to complete
the competency. We call them ‘nominal’ hours because they can vary e.g. sometimes
it will take an individual less time to complete a unit of competency because he/she
has prior knowledge or work experience in that area.
The final heading you will see before you start reading the Trainee Manual is the
‘Assessment Matrix’. Competency based assessment requires trainees to be assessed in
at least 2 – 3 different ways, one of which must be practical. This section outlines three
ways assessment can be carried out and includes work projects, written questions and
oral questions. The matrix is designed to show you which performance criteria will be
assessed and how they will be assessed. Your trainer and/or assessor may also use
other assessment methods including ‘Observation Checklist’ and ‘Third Party Statement’.
An observation checklist is a way of recording how you perform at work and a third party
statement is a statement by a supervisor or employer about the degree of competence
they believe you have achieved. This can be based on observing your workplace
performance, inspecting your work or gaining feedback from fellow workers.
Your trainer and/or assessor may use other methods to assess you such as:
Journals
Oral presentations
Role plays
Log books
Group projects
Practical demonstrations.
Remember your trainer is there to help you succeed and become competent. Please feel
free to ask him or her for more explanation of what you have just read and of what is
expected from you and best wishes for your future studies and future career in tourism
and hospitality.
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Unit descriptor
Unit descriptor
Prepare a variety of sandwiches
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to Prepare a variety of sandwiches
in a range of settings within the hotel and travel industries workplace context.
Unit Code:
D1.HCC.CL2.08
Nominal Hours:
15 hours
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Unit descriptor
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Assessment matrix
Assessment matrix
Showing mapping of Performance Criteria against Work Projects, Written
Questions and Oral Questions
The Assessment Matrix indicates three of the most common assessment activities your
Assessor may use to assess your understanding of the content of this manual and your
performance – Work Projects, Written Questions and Oral Questions. It also indicates
where you can find the subject content related to these assessment activities in the
Trainee Manual (i.e. under which element or performance criteria). As explained in the
Introduction, however, the assessors are free to choose which assessment activities are
most suitable to best capture evidence of competency as they deem appropriate for
individual students.
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Assessment matrix
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Glossary
Glossary
Term Explanation
Fingers Sandwiches that are cut into strips rather than square
Focaccia Italian flat bread, normally topped with salt and olive oil
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Glossary
Term Explanation
Portioning Deals with the issue of how many point per person per serve
Classic corn beef and sauerkraut on Rye bread with dill pickle,
Rueben can be toasted
Bread made with the flour from the whole of the grain, normally
Wholemeal brown in colour
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Element 1: Prepare a variety of sandwiches
Element 1:
Prepare a variety of sandwiches
1.1 Prepare a selection of hot and cold
sandwiches
Introduction
The role of sandwiches and their derivations cannot be under
estimated in commercial kitchens and in the hospitality industry.
It may be considered a lower skilled job but it can be very
profitable product to sell.
Sandwiches play a significant role in catering for parties and in-
house events, as well as maintaining a central position in the
daily eating of people from all over the world.
As cuisine and fashionable menu items change on a regular
basis, so does the way sandwiches are put together and served
and to customers.
With greater exposure to international cuisines, chefs are
becoming creative in the way ‘bread and fillings’ are served.
The type and nature of sandwiches has evolved over time moving away from, yet still
retaining, the original focus of the sandwich while incorporating many new variations on a
theme.
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The immediate culinary precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to
[
be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed
that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with
bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal
the Dutch belegde broodje, open faced sandwich, was as yet unfamiliar in England.
Initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich
slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. The
sandwich's popularity in Spain and England increased dramatically during the 19th
century, when the rise of an industrial society and the working classes made fast,
portable, and inexpensive meals essential.
It was at the same time that the sandwich finally began to appear outside of Europe. In
the United States, the sandwich was first promoted as an elaborate meal at supper. By
the early 20th century, as bread became a staple of the American diet, the sandwich
became the same kind of popular, quick meal as was already widespread in the
Mediterranean.”
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Problem-solving skills – to enable you to deal with a range of potential issues that can
arise such as:
Dealing with shortages of food items – by determining alternatives that can be
used for items which have run out; by sourcing items in the immediate short-term
from another department or supplier; by identifying alternative products to
sandwiches, rolls
Coping with mistakes which can occur for time-to-time – such as making the
wrong sandwiches, preparing incorrect fillings, cutting the sandwiches incorrectly
Handling problems which can be encountered as part of the sandwich making task
such as absences of utensils, staff shortages, insufficient work space, equipment
failure (slicers, cool rooms, packaging equipment) and raw materials which are not
expected
Interpersonal skills – which are always helpful in
any customer-contact situation
Selling skills – to optimise sales and enhance
customer satisfaction (by buying a product that
genuinely suits their need)
Literacy skills – to allow you to read orders,
menus, directions
Numeracy skills – to enable you to calculate
quantities and portions against orders which have
to be prepared.
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Sandwiches can also be a central part of internal catering for functions and events.
In these situations the establishment (via the Functions Manager or Food and Beverage
Manager) will negotiate with the client regarding:
Types of sandwiches to be catered
Numbers of sandwiches – of each type
Fillings
Timing of service
Garnishes.
The agreed sandwiches are prepared (shortly) in advance and then served as arranged.
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Filled rolls
These are rolls filled with whatever is required. Subs may be seen as filled rolls.
Finger sandwich
These are the traditional sandwich with crusts cut off, and sliced into finger shape. They
are sometimes referred to as ‘ribbon’ sandwiches. Again, multiple slices of bread can be
used. A ribbon sandwich usually has different colour bread in it, brown and white.
Open sandwiches
This is a slice of bread with topping but no top slice of bread, and is also known as an
open-face sandwich or ‘tartine’. These are extremely popular in Denmark and the
Scandinavian countries.
Pinwheel sandwich
This is a single slice of bread with the cut crust off. It is
rolled lightly with rolling pin, the spread (flavoured) or a
soft filling is added, and it is then rolled and sliced into
wheel shapes that give a spiral appearance.
Pullman sandwiches
Also known by some as ‘tea sandwiches’, these generally comprise three slices of bread
and feature ‘moist’ ingredients. They are cut into fingers. One distinguishing feature of the
Pullman sandwich is that it is often made from a Pullman loaf and the bread is cut
horizontally rather than vertically.
Tea sandwich
A small sandwich, cut into triangles (quarters) with light filling designed more as a snack
than a meal. Similar to a cocktail sandwich but may have the crust on.
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Gatsby
From South Africa, a Gatsby is a long bread roll cut lengthwise and loaded (as per a Sub)
according to the customer’s requests. Hot chips are apparently a fundamental
requirement as part of the Gatsby.
Gyros
This is a Greek dish. It is pita bread loaded with meat – lamb, pork or
beef – which is traditionally roasted on a vertical spit. A sauce is
added as required to taste – garlic, tzatziki – and the gyro is finished
with lettuce, tomato and onion.
Hoagie
This is an American invention which is also known as a grinder,
hero or torpedo. It is very much like a sub featuring cold cut meat
and cheese on a long, vertically-cut bun.
Panini
A sandwich made from a Ciabatta (a small loaf). The loaf is cut
horizontally and loaded with meat (salami is popular) plus cheese,
tomato and other items as required. It is often served hot.
Pebete
A basic sandwich – really a soft, oval-shaped bun – of Argentina; filled
with cheese, cured meat, tomato and mayonnaise
Po’ boy (Poor boy)
This is a favourite in Louisiana (America) where it is made like a sub
using a baguette (French loaf). It is commonly filled with either meat
(roast beef, meat balls) or seafood (shrimps, crabs, fried oysters).
Porilainen
A Finnish variation similar to a hamburger where a slice of thick sausage
is loaded onto a slice of bread and topped with onion, mustard, ketchup
etc.
Shawarma
This is like a gyro and is Middle-eastern in origin. Made with pita bread
and loaded with shaved goat, chicken, turkey or beef plus (as
requested) hummus, tahini, cucumber and tomato.
Sub (Submarine)
An American invention inspired by Italians. A French loaf sliced
horizontally and filled to order. May be toasted and loaded with hot or
cold fillings.
Wraps
These are made with soft, flat bread and filled with traditional sandwich
fillings.
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Zapiekanka
This is a Polish food item featuring a halved baguette (cut horizontally) and topped with
meats, vegetables and cheese.
Vietnamese sandwiches
The Vietnamese sandwich, sometimes called a "bánh mì" sandwich, or a pho sandwich at
times, is a product of its French history.
Ingredients
Classical ingredients:
Baguettes
Pâté
Mayonnaise.
Vietnamese ingredients:
Cilantro
Fish sauce
Pickled carrots.
Classical sandwiches
Bánh mì xíu mại – crushed pork meatball on bread
Bánh mì đặc biệt – special combo’ sandwich - various
Vietnames e cold cuts, such as sliced pork or pork bellies,
cha lua, and head cheese, along with the liver pâté and
vegetables
Bánh mì chay – a vegetarian option, made with tofu or
seitan
Breakfast bánh mì – eggs fried sunny-side-up with onions, sprinkled with soy sauce
or Maggi sauce, and eaten with a fresh (and sometimes buttered) baguette.
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Monte Cristo
A ham and or turkey sandwich that can be served several ways. It can be battered and
fried, grilled or served as an open sandwich on plain bread.
Do your own research and see how much information you can find on the subject.
Remember to acknowledge your information resource: Copyright
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http://www.alanskitchen.com/SANDWICH
http://www.cooksrecipes.com/category/sandwich.html
http://www.recipegoldmine.com/sandwich/sandwich.html
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Along with the varieties of bread itself, there is also a wide array of bread rolls available,
i.e. dinner rolls, petite pain (crispy rolls), flavoured rolls, etc.
It is a good idea to look around your workplace to see the types of breads that are used.
Talk to your suppliers then look in the market place to see the ranges available.
Structure of a Sandwich
A sandwich will usually consist of:
Base – the bread or roll that will hold the filling.
A spread – to flavour and to add moist mouth feel
and also to slow moisture migration from filling to
bread
Filling – the main attraction and flavour of the
sandwich
Condiment – to add a partnering flavour
Garnish – to compliment with flavour and appearance.
Filling base
Cooked meats
Cooked Vegetables.
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Commercial preparation
The following is an indicative sequence for the preparation of large quantities of
sandwiches:
where your house recipes differ from
what is presented the house requirements must be adhered to:
Identify the type of sandwich to be made and obtain the required type quantity of
bread – where you identify there is insufficient bread immediate action must be
taken to obtain extra supplies even if this means purchasing from a local
supermarket
Identify the fillings required – as identified by the client or as set out on the
function/order sheet. Where there is no specification as to fillings it is appropriate
to make enquiries regarding what is required
Prepare the fillings as required – this can include activities such as:
– Cutting tomatoes, shredding lettuce,
chopping parsley, grating carrot
– Slicing roast meats or unpacking bought-in
meat slices and cheese slices
– Taking spreads out of the cool room – or
making spreads according to requirements
– Obtaining and opening tins of ingredients
(such as beetroot slices) and putting into
appropriate container
– Obtaining and opening the mustards, pickles, relishes and sauces
– Preparing the garnishes – which may include washing cherry tomatoes,
shredding lettuce or oranges.
This stage also involves cooking or mixing of fillings – which may require:
Boiling and mashing eggs – allowing sufficient lead time to enable
the egg to cool and the adding of mayonnaise etc., as required
Making (for example) avocado filling, chicken and walnut, tuna and
onion fillings
Boiling and shredding chicken – again, ensuring sufficient time for
cooling
Frying bacon
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Slice (if necessary) the bread and lay it out on a work bench – care must be paid to
ensuring the preparation area to be used has been clean and sanitised
Spread the condiments – using a palette knife or plastic spatula; speed is essential
coupled with neatness
Add the filling to half the slices of bread (the
other half will be the lids for the sandwiches) –
ensuring uniformity of portions, consistency of
layering and making sure there is no overflow
Season the sandwich – if required by adding
salt and pepper. Salt and pepper is often pre-
mixed into the one container to save time
Add the top slice of bread
Slice the sandwiches – remove crusts first if
required and then cut diagonally or horizontally and vertically (quarters or halves)
as required
Plate up the sandwiches [or store (see Section 2.1) for future use]:
– Plating up should ensure attractive presentation of sandwiches
– Application of identified garnishes – keep garnishes to a minimum
– Arranging sandwiches according to type – for example, keeping vegetarian
sandwiches separate from meat-filled ones, keeping seafood sandwiches
together
– Moving sandwiches out of the preparation area to the customers quickly to
optimise freshness.
Food safety
It is common for food preparation staff to take great care when cooking a dish, making
sure all hygiene rules and safe food handling protocols are followed.
Strangely the same care often does not apply to the making of fresh sandwiches. It is
hard to say why this is the case – perhaps it is because sandwiches are basic, or ‘anyone
can make sandwiches’.
The point is that the preparation of fresh sandwiches merits the same care and hygiene
as all other dishes which are prepared.
Arguably, sandwiches deserve even greater care and safe food handling as they will be
eaten ‘as is’ and not subjected to any process that can kill bacteria.
Avoid direct contact with bare hands
Due to the dangers presented from cross contamination, every effort must be made to
prepare sandwiches without touching ingredients or the sandwich with the bare hands.
Tongs, utensils, disposable gloves, spatulas etc., should be used.
It is also worth noting that where customers can see staff using their bare hands it creates
a very unfavourable impression (even though no actual food contamination may occur).
Customers expect a much higher standard of cleanliness, professionalism and hygienic
practice than was once the case.
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Disposable gloves
The wearing of disposable gloves should be mandatory but attention must be paid to
changing them when required. In relation to gloves points to note include:
Change gloves immediately they are ripped or torn
Change gloves between handling raw high risk food
and cooked, ready-to-eat foods
Change gloves every hour regardless
If the gloves contain powder and you have to change
gloves during service, ensure they are not taken off
over food or food surfaces as the powder may provide
a source of contamination
Do not put on gloves that have already been used
Do not turn gloves inside out and try to wear them
again
Change gloves whenever they become
contaminated from whatever source – raw food,
blood, sneezing, chemicals, scratching the face,
handling rubbish
Whenever required to wash hands, gloves should
be changed
Gloves are not a cure all, yet many staff think they
are bullet-proof if they are wearing them.
Food quality
Throughout the entire sandwich making process a watch must be kept on the ingredients
being used.
Any ingredient that is, or appears, sub-standard must be removed and not used. It is easy
to spoil a sandwich simply by using little piece of brown lettuce, or to destroy the
presentation of a platter by using blemished fruit.
Adopt a system
It is often useful to allocate specific tasks to specific staff when making the actual
sandwiches. This is the production-line approach where staff follow along behind each
other, each adding their particular contribution to the final sandwich. For example:
One person spread the bread
Another adds the meat slice
Another adds the sliced tomato
Another adds the lettuce
Another adds the next ingredient
Another adds the salt and pepper
Another (perhaps by this stage the person who added the meat) puts the lid on.
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Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer.
You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion
of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed to.
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Summary
Prepare a variety of sandwiches
Familiarise yourself with the large variety of sandwiches that can be produced and decide
what you are going to put on your menu.
Prepare a variety of spreads and fillings using standard recipes:
Read the recipe and prepare your mise en place to produce an interesting array of different
sandwiches.
Use a selection of bread and bases:
Meeting the needs and requirements of customers is the challenge so it is important to offer a
variety in types of bread used.
Select and use equipment and utensils appropriately:
Large scale production requires specialist equipment and the safe operating of this equipment
requires care and skill by the operator. Do not operate any equipment until you have been
shown how to use it safely.
Prepare sandwiches in a logical manner and within industry realistic timeframes:
Efficiency of production requires planning. Make sure you have all the equipment and food
necessary to do the job before you start.
Appropriately use products and minimise wastage:
Keep high risk ingredients in controlled environment until you need it. Only take what you
need to get the job done as efficiently as possible with minimum wastage of ingredients and
time.
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Element 2: Present a variety of sandwiches
Element 2:
Present a variety of sandwiches
2.1 Cut and present sandwiches in a conforming
manner
Introduction
When presenting sandwiches they should be cut as required and then the centre exposed
to show the filling. This is the eye appeal that will entice the customer to purchase that
sandwich.
If it is a function it will help the customer to choose. The filling
may sound nice but then if it looks great then that will be the
final decision.
Function sandwiches are traditionally are either points or
fingers made with square bread.
When made it will be cut into 4 triangles (points) and then
stood on the longer edge to present the filling to the
customers; the high point of the triangle giving name to the
style.
When square is cut into 3 equal widths or fingers they will
then be laid on the sides, thus exposing the filling to the view
of the customers.
Eye appeal is buy appeal. Customers eat with their eyes first
so it is important the sandwiches look enticing, appealing and appetising.
Where sandwiches are being presented for functions or any in-house dining they should
always be presented with an appropriate garnish and accompanied by suitable
serviceware.
Garnishes
Garnishing is the addition of items to the individual
plate, take-away container or platter of sandwiches to
enhance presentation and make the sandwiches
visually more appealing.
The role of the garnish is to supplement the
sandwiches, not dominate them.
For this reason, less is more.
The two standard requirements are that all garnishes should be edible and be of high
quality.
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Examples of garnishes:
Flowers
Edible flowers can be added to platters – these include:
Radishes may be carved into rose and chrysanthemum shapes and added to platters.
Spring onion tassels may also be prepared.
These should be kept in chilled water prior to use to maintain optimum appearance and
quality.
Remember though that the preparation of garnishes takes time and therefore adds
expense to the sandwiches.
For this reason, basic and easily prepared garnishes are preferable with the more time-
consuming and intricate garnishes (such as carved fruit and vegetables) reserved for
more up-market occasions where the price merits
such time and products.
Colour
The following can be added as a garnish where a
green colour is required:
Asparagus
Cucumber – made into butterflies, curls or fans
Parsley
Celery
Gherkins
Lettuce – as a ‘chiffonade’ (finely shredded)
Green peppers.
Where a white garnish is needed you can choose
from:
Cottage or cream cheese
Cucumbers
White cabbage (shredded).
A red garnish is available via:
Beetroot
Cherries
Cherry tomatoes
Pimento
Radishes – sliced or carved
Strawberries
Tomatoes – halved, quartered, sliced.
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Cake lifts
Side plates
Napkins and serviettes.
Techniques
Spreading
Spreading involves spreading the bread with the required ‘spread’.
Use the spread as determined by the establishment – in commercial situations this is
usually margarine. This is due to cost and ease of spread ability.
When large quantities of sandwiches are being prepared, the slices are spread out on a
food preparation surface and a palette knife is used to apply the spread.
Spreading the bread with butter, margarine, etc. adds flavour to the bread and helps
prevent the bread from going soggy when it is loaded with ingredients that might contain
excessive moisture.
Layering
Layering is the loading of the sandwich with the
requested fillings. All sandwiches of the same type
should be ‘built’ or layered in the same way, every time.
Always use the designated quantity of ingredients and
take care the filling remains within the sandwich.
Remember some sandwiches may require multiple
layers of bread and different types of bread – even an
open sandwich needs to be layered.
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Piping
Piping is the application of a spread like mayonnaise, mustards etc. of some form to the
loaded sandwich. This is common on 'Open Danish' style. The piped sauce or condiment
becomes part of the visual appeal.
A piping bag can used to control the application of the spread and help ensure not too
much is applied.
The piping process also enables the spread to be distributed evenly across the loaded
ingredients.
Piping should occur after all ingredients have been loaded.
Piping bags have largely been replaced by flexible plastic bottles. These have a
removable knozzle on the end for easy cleaning. They are also easier to handle as they
can stand up on their own. Bags take up more space in fridge as they lay down.
Portioning
Portioning refers to the preparation of a given number of sandwiches for a given number
of customers.
: That ‘one round’ of sandwiches means ‘one sandwich’.
Moulding
Moulding is not common in the preparation of sandwiches. It refers more accurately to
cutting and is the process of cutting sandwiches into shapes, for example, for children’s
parties and special events.
Moulding is used a lot with 'wraps'. Wraps do not make good function food as they need
to be wrapped in paper to hold them together.
Wraps are common in Eastern Mediterranean countries like Greece, Lebanon, Israel and
North African countries where 'flat breads' are common place.
Cutting
This is the process of cutting the made sandwiches.
Some sandwiches will require the crust to be
removed for presentation purposes.
Commonly sandwiches may be cut into fingers,
halves and quarters. The accepted shape for halves
and quarters is ‘triangles’ but customers may
request square or rectangular shapes:
A ‘two-point’ sandwich is one that has been cut diagonally into two triangles
A four-point sandwich is one that has been cut diagonally into four triangles.
Precision and accuracy is vital – poor cutting can ruin the appeal of an otherwise
attractive sandwich.
A golden rule when cutting is to make sure:
Sandwiches are cut all the way through
Sandwiches are all the same size when cut.
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Individual
Prepared sandwiches need to be contained in protective wrap environment. Many places
now use 'formed' plastic shells. These are easy to use and convenient.
The packaged sandwiches then need to be kept chilled or if not chilled need to be
disposed of if not sold within 4 hours.
Eat in will be served on a plate, cut, with the filling exposed to show the customer the
excellent filling inside.
Functions
Normally served in multiple serves, 6 – 10 serves per
plate or platter.
This is when it is important that all sandwiches are cut
the same size. Finger sandwiches are laid on their
sides and when they are not cut the same size they
look messy.
To avoid this keep batches together when cut. This way irregular cutting does not show
as being very evident.
When presenting sandwiches it is good practice to mix varieties. This adds colour and
interest to the platter.
Special interest diets should not be mixed with normal sandwiches:
Gluten free
Kosher
Halal.
Vegetarian is a lifestyle choice but it is a nice to separate
for selected clientele.
Serviceware
Serviceware refers to the items used to serve the sandwiches and the items used by
customers to eat them. Some establishments will have basic serviceware (plates and
platters) while others will have elaborate and quite ornate service items.
Examples of relevant serviceware include:
Platters and trays
Tongs
Forks
Knives or small spoons – for using sauces and
mustards with the sandwiches
Cake lifts
Side plates
Napkins and serviettes.
When serving from platters it is good practice for the waitperson to offer napkins as they
serve, especially if the function is stand up at a cocktail party.
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Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer.
You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion
of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed.
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Summary
Present a variety of sandwiches
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Element 3: Store a variety of sandwiches
Element 3:
Store a variety of sandwiches
3.1 Sandwiches, spreads and fillings are
appropriately stored during prep and service
Introduction
The preparation, storage and service of all sandwiches must accord with all standard safe
food handling practices. Storing fresh sandwiches correctly will optimise their freshness
and quality.
Safe food handling practices
To gain a full appreciation of all safe food handling practices you are encouraged to refer
to the notes for the unit Follow Workplace Hygiene Procedures.
Storage practices
The following practices must be employed when storing sandwiches:
Cover sandwiches prepared for later use – plastic wrap is suitable, this helps keep the
sandwiches fresh and protects against contamination
Avoid keeping made sandwiches for longer than 24 hours – this is a quality issue
rather than a food safety issue
Place sandwiches above any raw foods such as meat, fish or chicken in the coolroom
to avoid the cross contamination issue caused by blood or juice dripping onto
sandwiches.
Temperature (for fresh sandwiches)
It is the spreads, fillings and ingredients in sandwiches that cause them to be a product
that raises concerns over the temperature at which they are stored.
Where sandwiches contain any ingredient that is a high risk food (also known as
‘potentially hazardous’ or ‘potentially dangerous’) – that is to say any food which is high in
protein such as dairy products, meat, fish, chicken – then the sandwiches themselves
become high risk food.
This means they must be stored out of the Temperature Danger Zone, at or below 5ºC.
Where temperature cannot (or is not) used to control bacterial growth, the use of time
must be applied. This means implementing a system whereby the time the sandwich
remains in the Temperature Danger Zone (5ºC to 60ºC) must be tracked and monitored
so that the ‘4 – 2 hours rule’ can be applied.
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Where these general exceptions apply to genetically modified foods, irradiated food,
fermented comminute manufactured, and processed meats, kava, royal jelly or foods
containing offal then written information defined in the Code must be shown on the label
or displayed with the food.
What must appear?
1. The name of the food
Packaged food must be labelled with a name or
description that will not mislead consumers.
For some foods the Code defines the name of a food as
a prescribed name and that name must appear on the
label.
Foods with prescribed names include:
Various fermented comminute meat products
Formulated meal replacements
Formulated supplementary food
Formulated supplementary food for young children
Formulated supplementary sports food
Infant and Follow-on formulas
Honey.
Other foods that do not have a defined prescribed name must show a name or description
that indicates the true nature of the food. [
2. Lot and Premises identification
Generally, food labels must contain information identifying the premises where the food
was packed or prepared and the lot (batch).
The lot usually refers to food prepared or packed within a period not exceeding 24 hours.
No specific form of words is defined. These requirements are usually satisfied if the
product is properly date marked and shows the business address of the manufacturer or
packer.
Where this is not sufficient identification then additional information that is part of a
system devised by the manufacturer or packer must be used.
3. The name and address
A full business address is required, including the street number, street name, town or
suburb and state.
4. Ingredients in the food
List of all ingredients need to appear.
5. Date markings
Date of production and/or a Use by Date.
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6. Legibility Requirements
All writing must be legible and also a minimum font size requirement.
7. Storage requirements
If product is going to be transported and stored in other areas then these requirements
need to be listed on the packaging
8. Allergy Warnings
Any allergy causing ingredients must be identified to alert potential consumers to these
potential hazards.
Any products that are produced on the premises where they are sold then they do not
need to be labelled.
In house labelling
When producing sandwiches in a large establishment it is important to label correctly.
Labels should include the following
Name of the product:
Many people can be working in larger establishments
and the person takes the product to the place of service
may not be the person who prepared the product.
Date of Manufacture:
This helps with keeping the flow of produce in correct
order. First In First Out, Freshness.
Handler name
The name of the person who was responsible for
making the product; if any issues arise regarding quality
then management knows to whom to refer.
Time
What time the product was stored.
Temperature
To maximise lifespan and quality it is important to guide
others in the requirements in keeping optimum quality.
Storage
How long this product should be stored before quality falls
below enterprise standards.
Labelling of Spreads and Fillings
When product comes into the premises from outside suppliers they may be in boxes that
have the name of the product on the box and not the package in which the food is
contained inside that box.
These boxes are referred to as 'outers' and the inside packaging is referred to as
'inners'.
When removing inners from the outers it is important that the information on the outers is
not lost so there may be a need to relabel the inner packaging.
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There are no exceptions to this rule. In practice this can mean using a series of different
coloured, self-adhesive dots which are applied to the packaging of sandwiches.
The internal system may mean, for example, that all fresh sandwiches made between
9:00am and 10:00am are given a blue dot.
When 1:00am arrives all sandwiches with a blue dot are removed from sale because they
have been in the Temperature Danger Zone for 4 hours.
Sandwiches made between 10:00am and 11:00am are given a green dot, and any
sandwiches with a green dot are discarded at 2:00pm, and so on.
The critical thing is that the business must be able to prove that either time or temperature
is being used to control the food safety of these sandwiches.
Temperature (for hot sandwiches)
Where sandwiches containing high risk food are prepared, displayed and intended to be
eaten hot (such as bacon and egg sandwiches, steak sandwiches, hamburgers):
They must be stored at 60ºC or above or
A 'time' system must be used to guarantee their safety.
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How long the food is below 60ºC is the issue of food safety but how long it is kept hot also
becomes a issue.
Sandwiches that are stored hot will have a short life span
They should be served immediately upon making.
Storage containers
All containers used to store sandwiches must be:
Appropriate for the task
Cleaned and sanitised.
The use of packaging for sandwiches
Where sandwiches are prepared for take-away sale,
they will be stored in such a way that facilitates their
display (so customers can see what they are buying)
and their sale and carriage by customers.
The use of single-use items is standard. Various
commercial options present themselves, many being
specific to different kinds of products.
Suppliers carry a range of these including:
Hinged wedges/PVC hinged sandwich triangles – for sandwiches (standard size,
‘deep fill’, ‘deep fill plus’)
Clip Lock sandwich wedges
Biodegradable sandwich wedges
Cardboard heat seal wedges – for sandwiches
Octagon hinged containers – for rolls and similar
Hinged clear containers – for subs etc.
Hinged roll boxes
Greaseproof food pouches – for pitas and toasted
sandwiches
Sandwich wrap sheets
Bagel wraps
Baguette boxes and baguette trays
Tortilla packs
Paper sandwich wrap sheets.
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Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer.
You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion
of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed to.
3.1 To fulfil the requirements of this Work Project you are asked to develop and submit a
checklist that could be used by staff at your workplace to guide their activities in
relation to storing sandwiches.
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Summary
Store a variety of sandwiches
Sandwiches, spreads and fillings are appropriately stored during prep and service:
All ingredients need to be stored so that they do not become a danger to the consumer
They must be protected from drying out before being served to customers
Unused ingredients must also be stored labelled and dated so they can be utilised for later
usage.
Sandwiches, fillings and spreads are correctly labelled:
All labels must be accurate in the description of the food
Labelling must be legible and easy to read. Layout information in logical sequence. Label
should be designed to be easy to read. Important information in same place on every label.
Store in correct conditions to maintain freshness and quality:
Keep cold sandwiches cold
Keep hot sandwiches hot for only a short period of time, approximately 10 minutes
Protect all food products safe from foreign objects and adverse environment.
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Sandwich recipes
Sandwich Recipes
Pinwheel Sandwich
Ingredients
1 Bread slice
100 gm Cream cheese, spreadable
20 ml Pesto paste
Method
NOTE: usually soft fillings are used as hard or dry fillings will not roll up and hold.
Variations to this can be chilli paste or curry powder to flavour the cream cheese.
Chicken liver pate or liverwurst can also be an interesting change.
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Sandwich recipes
Ribbon Sandwich
Ingredients
Method
Crumble or mash egg with fork and add mayonnaise and chives, mix, season
Spread the 2 white slices with butter on one side
Spread butter both sides of the rye bread
Spread egg mixture evenly over 1 slice of white bread
Cover with the slice of rye bread
Place salmon evenly over rye bread, cut as needed to make it fit
Sprinkle chopped capers over salmon
Lay spinach leaves evenly over the top
Place 2nd piece of white bread on top
Even up the slices
Remove crusts and slice into 3 even fingers as demonstrated
Lay on clean plate on their sides to show ribbon.
Note: A wide variety of fillings and spreads can be used, but the fillings must be moist so
the stack holds together.
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Sandwich recipes
Ingredients
Bread base
Any topping
Method
Any type of bread can be used as a base. (traditionally rye bread is used)
Bread base usually spread with butter or cheese spread to protect it from moisture
Anything can be used as a topping with a heavy emphasis on eye appeal
As the name suggests there is no top so elaborate garnishes are used
This sandwich is usually eaten with a knife and fork, but can be made smaller as
finger food.
Topping suggestions
Lettuce leaf, complete, Slices of ham, roast beef, tomato, avocado; fresh asparagus,
cheese; thinly sliced,
Spreads and Pastes
Plain or flavoured butters, cream cheese can be used on the bread to help hold the filling
to the bread. Flavoured mayonnaise, mustards or soft pastes can be piped over toppings
to give eye appeal while adding flavour and diversity.
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Sandwich recipes
Ingredients
Method
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Sandwich recipes
Club Sandwich
Ingredients
Method
: You must work quickly so the sandwich stays hot. Assembly should take less than
30 seconds, yes 30 seconds. It is to be served warm so HURRY up
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Sandwich recipes
Focaccia
Focaccia in Australia has evolved into many variations.
It is based on the flat peasant bread made in communal village ovens by the Italian
housewife.
You will find it to have simple toppings like salt with olive oil or herbs with olive oil.
Ingredients
Method
Prepare your filling, grill vegetable slice meat or cheese, make paste
Slice the bread, apply paste to both layers
Lay roasted veg, place cheese on top
Heat in oven to warm through
Slice as required
Place onto warm plate and present.
Obviously meats can be used here so the reheating must follow the FSP guidelines.
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Sandwich recipes
Ingredients
1 Pita wrap
120 gm Lamb mince
¼ tsp Mint, dried
¼ tsp Cumin, ground
pinch Chilli, dried
Salt, to taste
Pepper, to taste
2 Bamboo skewers
40 gm Cucumber (sliced)
20 gm Red Onion (sliced)
1 Roma Tomato (sliced)
20 gm Lettuce (Chiffonnade)
30 gm Tzatzicki Sauce
Method
Note: If mixing mince and spices be careful of the amount of herbs and spices used.
Fresh is better flavour but not necessarily convenient. Dried is more convenient but will be
stronger in flavour, so do not add so much.
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Sandwich recipes
Ingredients
Method:
Mix the mayonnaise with the Worcestershire, mustard, lemon juice and finely chopped
anchovy fillet together.
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Presentation of written work
2. Style
Students should write in a style that is simple and concise. Short sentences
and paragraphs are easier to read and understand. It helps to write a plan
and at least one draft of the written work so that the final product will be
well organized. The points presented will then follow a logical sequence
and be relevant. Students should frequently refer to the question asked, to
keep ‘on track’. Teachers recognize and are critical of work that does not
answer the question, or is ‘padded’ with irrelevant material. In summary,
remember to:
Plan ahead
Be clear and concise
Answer the question
Proofread the final draft.
Format
All written work should be presented on A4 paper, single-sided with a left-hand margin. If
work is word-processed, one-and-a-half or double spacing should be used. Handwritten
work must be legible and should also be well spaced to allow for ease of reading. New
paragraphs should not be indented but should be separated by a space. Pages must be
numbered. If headings are also to be numbered, students should use a logical and
sequential system of numbering.
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Presentation of written work
Cover Sheet
All written work should be submitted with a cover sheet stapled to the front that contains:
The student’s name and student number
The name of the class/unit
The due date of the work
The title of the work
The teacher’s name
A signed declaration that the work does not involve plagiarism.
Keeping a Copy
Students must keep a copy of the written work in case it is lost. This rarely happens but it
can be disastrous if a copy has not been kept.
Inclusive language
This means language that includes every section of the population. For instance, if a
student were to write ‘A nurse is responsible for the patients in her care at all times’ it
would be implying that all nurses are female and would be excluding male nurses.
Examples of appropriate language are shown on the right:
Mankind Humankind
Host/hostess Host
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Recommended reading
Recommended reading
Bailey, Adrian & Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert; 2003; The book of ingredients, Michael Joseph
Coup, Bernadette; 2003, Mise en place: recipes and resources, Bernadette Coup
Drummond. Martha; 2013; The Breakfast Sandwich Maker Cookbook; CreateSpace
Independent Publishing Platform
Hobday.Cara; 2010; Food Presentation Secrets: Styling Techniques of Professionals;
Firefly Books
Kelly, Donna;2010; Quesadillas; Gibbs Smith
McWilliams, Margaret; 2013 (11th edition;, Illustrated guide to food preparation; Pearson
McVety.P, Ware.B, Ware.C; 2008 (3rd edition); Fundamentals of Menu Planning; Wiley
Lewis, Alison; 2011; 400 Best Sandwich Recipes: From Classics and Burgers to Wraps
and Condiments; Robert Rose
Ridgaway, Dwayne; 2005; Sandwiches, Panini, and Wraps: Recipes for the Original
Anytime and Anywhere Meal; Quarry Books
Russo,Susan; 2011; The Encyclopedia of Sandwiches: Recipes, History, and Trivia for
Everything Between Sliced Bread; Quirk Books
Silverton,N; 2002; Nancy Silverton's Sandwich Book: The Best Sandwiches Ever; Knopf
Styler.Christopher; 2006; Working the Plate: The Art of Food Presentation; Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt
Strahs, Kathy; 2013; The Ultimate Panini Press Cookbook; Harvard Common Press
The Culinary Institute of America (CIA); 2011 (9th edition); The Professional Chef; Wiley
th
The Culinary Institute of America (CIA); 2014 (4 edition); Techniques of Healthy Cooking;
Wiley
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Recommended reading
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Trainee evaluation sheet
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Trainee evaluation sheet
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Trainee Self-Assessment Checklist
Yes No*
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Trainee Self-Assessment Checklist
Statement by Trainee:
I believe I am ready to be assessed on the following as indicated above:
Note:
For all boxes where a No* is ticked, please provide details of the extra steps or work you
need to do to become ready for assessment.
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